1 Enhancing Community Centred Governance in Climate Change affected coastal areas Clim a te Cha ng e a s if p eop le m a ttered ! Authors: Mr. R. Suresh director@pacindia.org Ms. Prarthana Rao prarthana@pacindia.org Mr. Pavan Srinath pavan.srinath@pacindia.org Mr. J. Jangal j.jangal@pacindia.org
2 INTRODUCTION UNU-WIDER Conference on Climate Change and Development Policy Helsinki, Finland, 28-29 September 2012
3 FOCUS - To develop an instrument which facilitates citizen participation to protect their livelihoods from climate change and other threats. - Develop mechanisms whereby communities can meaningfully engage with governance structures and sustainably participate in local environmental & livelihood management UNU-WIDER Conference on Climate Change and Development Policy Helsinki, Finland, 28-29 September 2012
4 ENHANCING CITIZEN VOICES IN ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE PILOT EXERCISE IN GULF OF MANNAR, INDIA Environment & Climate Change CCSC Governance Livelihood UNU-WIDER Conference on Climate Change and Development Policy Helsinki, Finland, 28-29 September 2012
5 Climate Change – As if People Mattered! Climate Change Livelihoods Governance ISSUES COMMUNITY LEVEL Participatory Rural Appraisal METHODOLOGY - Livelihood Matrix Review of Policies and - Climate change Matrix regulations - Governance Matrix Climate Change Score Card (CCSC) OUTPUT Policy Discussions at the District Level POLICY LEVEL Policy Discussions at the State/ National Level OUTCOME Policy Reform Climate change score card is a knowledge product that connects people’s experience with scientific evidence to promote meaningful engagement with governance processes and their managers
6 PROJECT AREA AT A GLANCE 2 Districts – Ramanathapuram & Tuticorin 117 Villages – 15 villages chosen by Stratified Random Sampling technique Main livelihoods – Fishing, Palmyrah Tapping UNU-WIDER Conference on Climate Change and Development Policy Helsinki, Finland, 28-29 September 2012
7 CLIMATE CHANGE SCORE CARD • Climate Change Score Card is an adaptation of the popular tool “Community Score Card” • To create platforms for dialogue between communities and governments • Inputs : Scoping exercises, Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) exercises, climate data analyses, study of local livelihood governance • Scoring : by communities based on indicators • Interface Meeting : bringing together all stakeholders at the district level • Policy Discourse : at provincial and state levels Know ledge Creation | Empow erment | Constructive Engagement PEER LEARNING UNU-WIDER Conference on Climate Change and Development Policy Helsinki, Finland, 28-29 September 2012
8 SAMPLE COVERAGE • Two Districts – Ramanathapuram and Thoothukudi • 15 out of 117 villages selected based on stratified random sampling • 750 members from the communities across the villages participated in the PRA activities • 55 villagers attended the district level meetings • 15 Government officials from 5 line departments attended the unconferences • 425 participants in the scorecard exercise; 25 villagers representing different sections of the society per village UNU-WIDER Conference on Climate Change and Development Policy Helsinki, Finland, 28-29 September 2012
9 In parallel… .. • Regulations analysis ▫ A research study by Centre for Development Finance, Chennai, on key regulations and policies that have implications on coastal ecosystems and human systems and consequently on livelihoods of coastal communities in the Gulf of Mannar region • Climate data analysis ▫ looked at the patterns of rainfall and temperature for the region. • Mapping of activities on the coast that have an environmental implication using GPS • Sensitisation of public service providers (Government agencies, Banks, Research institutes etc) and other stakeholders through workshops UNU-WIDER Conference on Climate Change and Development Policy Helsinki, Finland, 28-29 September 2012
10 CLIMATE CHANGE IN GULF OF MANNAR • Only rare livelihoods like palmyrah are resilient. • Rapidly rising temperatures • High uncertainty in seasons, in predictability of weather. An interesting finding is that the num ber of rainy days during the palm yrah season (Mar-Sep) is reducing steadily in the region. The num ber is going dow n by roughly 0.9 rainy days per decade (99% confidence level).
11 Social Map; Resource Map; Livelihood matrix; Seasonality diagram; Climate Change Matrix; Venn diagram; Problem Tree UNU-WIDER Conference on Climate Change and Development Policy Helsinki, Finland, 28-29 September 2012
12 OUTPUTS OF PRAs 196 0 -70 19 70 -8 0 19 8 0 -1990 20 0 4-20 0 9 20 19 • 100 kgs • 20kgs of fish Fish catch 500 kgs 500 kgs 300 kgs fish • 30kgs • No prawns 50kgs of prawns prawns No. of fishers 550 550 400 350 Children will look for alternatives Beach land 50mts 35 mts 15mts 5 mts - 15mts Problems in Only natural Middlemen, Forest Forest dept., The fishers Fishing disturbances Conflict department, Cross Border will be between conflicts, Problem, displaced. trawlers and Cross Border Coast guards Problem artisnal problems, fishers Sedu canal project, CMZ etc Findings from PRA conducted by PAD in Kadaladi Block, Ramanathapuram UNU-WIDER Conference on Climate Change and Development Policy Helsinki, Finland, 28-29 September 2012
13 REGULATIONS AND POLICY … • A range of socio-ecological issues are complexly intertwined in the Gulf of Mannar biosphere reserve. • Efforts to secure the biodiversity of the area are mounting • Fishermen view the sea and its resources as a means and right to life and livelihood • The state views the resource and the biodiversity as an entity for protection. UNU-WIDER Conference on Climate Change and Development Policy Helsinki, Finland, 28-29 September 2012
14 FISHERIES SCORE CARD Sl. No Indicator Aspects Aggregated Score 1 Design and Implementation of Schemes 1.1 Welfare Schemes Awareness 6 Process 4 Benefits 4 1.2 Relief Schemes Awareness 5 Process 3 Benefits 3 1.3 Training and Capacity Development Awareness 1 Process 1 Benefits 2 1.4 Technical and Technological Support Awareness 7 Process 3 Benefits 4 2 Responsiveness of the agency 2 3 Grievance Redressal 2 4 Promotion of Alternate livelihoods 0 5 Uncertainty & Bad year Preparedness 2 Total Score (out of 100) 49 UNU-WIDER Conference on Climate Change and Development Policy Helsinki, Finland, 28-29 September 2012
15 PALMYRAH SCORE CARD Sl. No Indicator Aspects Aggregated Score 1 Design and Implementation of Schemes 1.1 Welfare Schemes Awareness 2 Process 2 Benefits 3 1.2 Relief Schemes Awareness 2 Process 0 Benefits 3 1.3 Training and Capacity Development Awareness 1 Process 1 Benefits 0 1.4 Technical and Technological Support Awareness 5 Process 1 Benefits 3 2 Responsiveness of the agency 1 3 Grievance Redressal 0 4 Promotion of Alternate livelihoods 1 5 Uncertainty & Bad year Preparedness 1 Total Score (out of 100) 27 UNU-WIDER Conference on Climate Change and Development Policy Helsinki, Finland, 28-29 September 2012
16 SCORING BY COMMUNITIES… .. UNU-WIDER Conference on Climate Change and Development Policy Helsinki, Finland, 28-29 September 2012
17 PREPARING BOTH SIDES TO DIALOGUE … .. • Sensitisation workshops at District level • Informal meetings to update the status of project work • Media outreach • PRA exercises • Monthly meetings of PAD team with the community members, federation reps. etc UNU-WIDER Conference on Climate Change and Development Policy Helsinki, Finland, 28-29 September 2012
18 Forest Departm ent Representative Thasildar & Assistant Director, Fisheries Fish worker Union Representative UNU-WIDER Conference on Climate Change and Development Policy Helsinki, Finland, 28-29 September 2012
19 IT IS NOT THE NUMBERS… … BUT THE PROCESS • Creates spaces for dialogue • Knowledge generated empowers people to demand for better governance • Helps understand both sides of the coin… • Brings various stakeholders together for a common cause • Sharing of responsibilities and knowledge for larger good • Demystifies science and relates it to common wisdom UNU-WIDER Conference on Climate Change and Development Policy Helsinki, Finland, 28-29 September 2012
20 WAY FORWARD • Continue such interactions at regular intervals • Create a collective of these representatives to take the issues at appropriate levels of governance for policy dialogue • Renew scientific knowledge base regularly • Replicate the exercise in other villages to build such knowledge and dialogue platforms UNU-WIDER Conference on Climate Change and Development Policy Helsinki, Finland, 28-29 September 2012
21 THANK YOU www.pacindia.org director@pacindia.org UNU-WIDER Conference on Climate Change and Development Policy Helsinki, Finland, 28-29 September 2012
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