Zero Carbon emission power plants Bulk Carbon Utilisation through - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Zero Carbon emission power plants – Bulk Carbon Utilisation through Enhanced Oil Recovery Dr. M. Malik Additional General Manager NTPC-NETRA

What is Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR)? Enhanced Oil Recovery ( EOR) refers to reservoir processes that recover oil not produced by conventional processes. Salient features :  Enhanced oil recovery processes targets the oil what is left.  They focus on rock/ oil/ injectants system and on the interplay of capillary and viscous forces.  ‘CO 2 - EOR’ is the process of injecting carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) into oil reservoirs to increase oil production. Steps in Oil extraction and recovery • Primary Recovery -15% • Secondary Recovery - 20 to 40% • Tertiary Recovery (EOR) - 60%

Primary Recovery • Primary recovery uses the natural energy of the reservoir to produce oil or gas. • If the underground pressure in the oil reservoir is sufficient, then this pressure will force the oil to the surface. • Usually, about 20% of the oil in a reservoir can be extracted using primary recovery methods.

Secondary Recovery • Over the lifetime of the well, the pressure will fall, and at some point there will be insufficient underground pressure to force the oil to the surface. • Secondary recovery re-pressurize the reservoir and to displace oil to producers. • Secondary oil recovery uses various techniques to aid in recovering oil from depleted or low-pressure reservoirs. Sometimes pumps, such as beam pumps and electrical submersible pumps (ESPs), are used to bring the oil to the surface • These methods must, naturally, also be both economic and effective, or companies may not bother trying to coax more oil from the reservoir. • If economical, as often is, the remaining oil in the well is extracted using secondary oil recovery • Together, primary and secondary recovery generally allow 20% to 40% of the reservoir's oil to be recovered.

Tertiary Recovery • Tertiary oil recovery reduces the oil's viscosity to increase oil production. • Thermally enhanced oil recovery methods (TEOR) are tertiary recovery techniques that heat the oil and make it easier to extract. • Steam injection is the most common form of TEOR, This form of recovery is used extensively to increase oil production in the San Joaquin Valley, which has very heavy oil, yet accounts for 10% of the United States' oil production. • When CO 2 is used then it is called as CO 2 -EOR process. CO 2 - EOR process • The CO 2 EOR process is primarily a function of how CO 2 interacts with oil which is determined by the property of miscibility, when multiple liquids can mix together completely becoming one homogenous liquid. • For example, water and vinegar are completely miscible. By contrast, water and oil are immiscible ; they do not combine at any proportion. CO 2 at a supercritical pressure and temperature is completely miscible with oil; it will combine completely. • In CO 2 -EOR, CO 2 combines with oil and helps move it through the rock pore spaces, enabling greater recovery of oil in place.

What is EOR?

Four ways CO 2 helps to recover oil • Interfacial tension reduced • Oil sticks less to rock • Swelling of Oil • Oil & CO2 combine as a single phase providing more efficient miscible displacement • Improved viscosity • Viscosity of the combined miscible phase is reduced, allowing the fluid to be flushed to producers • Water Alternating Gas Injection • CO2 is introduced in alternating cycles with H2O • Provides greater sweep efficiency in the flood • Aids in controlling gas production

EOR : incremental oil

Zero Ca Carbon e emis issio ion power r pla lants – Bulk lk Carbon Utilis ilisatio ion through Enhanced Oil il Recovery ry v

EOR Drivers

Carbon Capture and Utilization for Enhanced Oil Recovery Carbon foot print reduction through utilization pathway for fossil fired power plant Benefits: Technology:   Large quantum of CO 2 capture and utilisation CO 2 capture from power plant   Utilisation of captured CO 2 for enhanced oil Creates an economic value for CO 2 to offset its capture cost. recovery  New business avenues of revenues to power plants  Addresses Nation’s paramount environmental challenge .

CO CO 2 -EOR pr proje ojects ar arou ound the the worl orld Sask Power's Boundary Dam project It is retrofitted its coal-fired power station in 2014 with Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS) technology. The plant captures 1 million tonnes of CO2 annually , which it sold to Cenovus Energy for enhanced oil recovery at its Weyburn Oil Field Petra Nova, United States The Petra Nova project uses post-combustion amine absorption to capture some of the carbon dioxide emissions from one of the boilers at the W.A Parish power plant in Texas, and transports it by pipeline to the West Ranch oil field for use in enhanced oil recovery. Weyburn-Midale, Canada In 2000, Saskatchewan's Weyburn-Midale oil field began to employ EOR as a method of oil extraction. In 2008, the oilfield became the worlds largest storage site of Carbon Dioxide.It is estimated that the EOR project will store around 20 million tons of Carbon Dioxide, generate about 130 million barrels of oil, and extend the life of the field by over two decades.

NTPC ‘CO 2 -EOR ’ project In the ‘ CO 2 - EOR’ project, CO 2 from NTPC project will be captured and injected into the 50 Kms distanced oil reservoirs for effecting Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) in India. Benefits: • The pressing demand of CO 2 reduction, a greenhouse gas, in combating climate change, ‘CO 2 - EOR’ exhibits a techno-economical route for power plants in capturing and utilizing huge volume of flue gas CO 2.. • ‘CO 2 - EOR’exploration is first of its kind in India • Utilization of waste flue gas CO 2 in Enhanced Oil Recovery. • Create an economic value for CO 2 , which would offset a part of CO 2 capture cost. • Open up new business avenues of revenues to NTPC • Supports NTPC’s corporate social responsibility in addressing Nation’s paramount environmental challenge.

Summary of the presentation • Enhanced oil recovery ( EOR) refers to recover more oil from oil wells not through conventional processes • The CO 2 EOR process is primarily a function of how CO 2 interacts with oil and it is determined by the property of miscibility • In CO 2 -EOR, CO 2 combines with oil and helps move it through the rock pore spaces, enabling greater recovery of oil in place • The complete processes of primary, secondary and tertiary recovery procedures are discussed • The EOR drivers are Environmental impact, Capex and Opex • In NTPC- ‘CO 2 - EOR’ project, CO 2 from NTPC project will be captured and injected into the 50 Kms distanced oil reservoirs for effecting Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) in India • Large quantum of CO 2 capture and utilisation • Creates an economic value for CO 2 to offset its capture cost. • New business avenues of revenues to power plants