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OCE Informal Document No. 37 Twelfth Plenary Meeting of the Working Group On Off-Cycle Emissions WWH-OCE 18 January 2006 Palais des Nations, Geneva Evaluation of the WNTE control area The Netherlands Andr Rijnders Geneva, 17

  1. OCE Informal Document No. 37 Twelfth Plenary Meeting of the Working Group On Off-Cycle Emissions WWH-OCE 18 January 2006 Palais des Nations, Geneva • Evaluation of the WNTE control area • The Netherlands • André Rijnders • Geneva, 17 January 2006 • 12 th meeting of Working group on Off-Cycle Emissions • Data from TNO automotive 1

  2. Introduction Main question: Is the WNTE control area sufficiently wide enough? or Are there spots in the engine map (outside the control area) that have a significant emission contribution in real life operation? 2

  3. Approach 1. Determine the WNTE area for an ‘average’ engine 2. Simulate a number of representative case 3. (representative vehicle types over representative real-life driving cycles) 4. Calculate the emission contribution for each part of the engine map 5. Evaluate the emission contributions in- and outside the control area 3

  4. WNTE control area (work.doc. version 8) 1 ,2 m ax . torque N TE z one 30% pow er 1 70% pow er A , B and C s peed Normalised engine torq 0 ,8 Normalised engine torque 0 ,6 0 ,4 P M c arve-out 0 ,2 N norm =0.39 0 0 0 ,2 0 ,4 0 ,6 0 ,8 1 1 ,2 1 ,4 N o rm a lise d e n g in e sp e e d Control area for ‘average’ Euro 3 engine (11 engines) 4

  5. WNTE control area (work.doc. version 9) 1,2 m ax . torque NTE z one 30% power 1 70% power A , B and C s peed 0,8 Normalised engine torq Normalised engine torque 0,6 0,4 P M c arve-out 0,2 N norm =0.29 0 0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2 1,4 No r m alis e d e n g in e s p e e d Control area for ‘average’ Euro 3 engine 5

  6. NO x emission map (average Euro 3) Relative NOx emission 1.0 NTE zone 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 Engine torque (norm.) 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.1 Engine: Euro 3 (average) 00 -0.2 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Engine speed (norm.) 6

  7. Simulated city driving cycle for truck with trailer (second by second) 1,2 load points NTE zone 1 30% power Normalised engine torque 0,8 Normalised engine torq 0,6 0,4 0,2 0 -0,2 0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2 1,4 -0,2 Normalised engine speed 7

  8. Grid is placed over the engine map 1,2 load points 1,1 NTE zone 1 30% power 0,9 Normalised engine torque 0,8 Normalised engine torq 0,7 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1 0 -0,1 0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1,1 1,2 1,3 -0,1 -0,2 Normalised engine speed 8

  9. Emission contribution per box is calculated Contribution is sum of momentaneous emissions 1,2 load points for loadpoints in the box 1,1 NTE zone 1 30% power 0,9 Normalised engine torque 0,8 Normalised engine torq 0,7 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1 0 -0,1 0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1,1 1,2 1,3 -0,1 -0,2 Normalised engine speed 9

  10. Relative NOx contribution 1.0 NTE zone 0.9 Graphical representation 0.8 0.7 0.6 Engine torque (norm.) 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 Relative NOx emission 0.1 1.0 NTE zone 0.0 0.9 Vehicle: Truck with trailer Engine: Euro 3 (average) -0.1 Driving cycle: City 00 0.8 Shifting: Economic/fast -0.2 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 0.7 Engine speed (norm.) 0.6 Engine torque (norm.) 0.5 0.4 1,2 load points 0.3 1,1 NTE zone 1 0.2 30% power 0,9 0.1 0,8 Normalised engine torq 0,7 0.0 0,6 -0.1 0,5 Engine: Euro 3 (average) 00 0,4 -0.2 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 0,3 Engine speed (norm.) 0,2 0,1 0 -0,1 0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1,1 1,2 1,3 -0,1 -0,2 10 Normalised engine speed

  11. Results for NO x and PM (truck/trailer in city driving) Relative NOx contribution Relative PM contribution 1.0 1.0 NTE zone NTE zone 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 Engine torque (norm.) Engine torque (norm.) 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 Vehicle: Truck with trailer Vehicle: Truck with trailer Engine: Euro 3 (average) Engine: Euro 3 (average) -0.1 -0.1 Driving cycle: City Driving cycle: City 00 00 Shifting: Economic/fast Shifting: Economic/fast -0.2 -0.2 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Engine speed (norm.) Engine speed (norm.) 11

  12. Results for different cases NTE zone contribution Idle contribution 90 30 80 25 70 60 20 Share in NTE zone Idle share 50 [%] [%] NOx contribution 15 NOx contribution 40 PM contribution PM contribution 30 10 20 5 10 0 0 truck and trailer truck and trailer truck and trailer urban bus (city) truck and trailer truck and trailer truck and trailer urban bus (city) (city) (rural) (motorway) (city) (rural) (motorway) 12

  13. Conclusions • WNTE control area sufficient wide enough? • High emission NOx and PM in NTE • NOX 54 % - 83 % • PM 38 % - 72 % • Timeshare in NTE • City 20 % (low because of idle) • Highway 65 % • WNTE control area is reasonably wide enough • Nevertheless optimization of manufacturer still possible 13

  14. Conclusions • Are there spots in the engine map (outside the control area) that have a significant emission contribution in real life operation? • High timeshare below lowest NTE line • Specific between 20%-60% engine speed • Relative low emission contribution (euro 3) • Idle is hot spot with high timeshare • WHSC item • Not taken account in this study the 30 second procedure 14

  15. Thanks 15

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