FFEM Project “Optimizing the production of goods and services by Mediterranean forest ecosystems in a context of global change” Workshop for the definition of a methodological approach for the participative management of forests in the Mediterranean Region Component 3: “Development of territorial participatory governance approaches for the management of Mediterranean forest ecosystems” 25-27 June 2013, Antalya, Turkey Governance situation & objectives of the participatory initiative For Jabal Moussa Biosphere , Lebanon
General Description of the Pilot Site (1) Total area of the site (ha): • Jabal Moussa is a Biosphere Reserve located in Keserwan-Jbeil area, Lebanon. • It became part of the UNESCO Network of Biosphere under the Man and Biosphere (MAB) Program in February 2009 . • It is located in the Kesrouan area, 50 km from the capital Beirut, dominates two rivers: Nahr Ibrahim from the northern side and Nahr el-Dahab from the southern side. It covers an area of 6500ha at an altitude ranging between 350m and 1700m 2
Jabal Moussa West the Med Sea has a dominant pristine steep, verdant mountainsides rising from a river lined with cool aromatic sycamore trees, to reach summits of statue-like karstic rocks. 3
General description of the pilot site (2) • Situation maps • Pictures… • Road map • Trail distances Location Map • Overview pic • 4
Main surrounding villages are: Qehmez - Nahr el-Dahab - Yahchouch - Ghbeleh - el-Aabri
General description of the pilot site (2) Total forested area (ha): • The summit of the reserve totalling to 270 ha: g predominantly Quercus cerris associated with Q. infectoria to the north and Q. caliprinos in the south. Two distinct sub-zone are observed one is -160 ha- of forest on the north band with predominate O. carpinifolia trees and -110 ha- of forest (having predominately Fraxinus ornus and Ostrya carpinifolia) on the South band . • The steep sides of North-West have a total area of 765 ha as follows: – Mixed forest (Q. Calliprinos and Pinus brutia): 231 ha – Dense forest Q. Calliprinos forest: 260 ha – Dense forest of (Styrax, Ostrya...) 55 ha – Riparian 5 ha – in addition to a 214 ha of degraded forest zone area (mainly of Q. caliprinos and grass) • The steep slopes of South and South-East has a poorer vegetative cover and is a 215 ha of forest as follows: – Dense forest of Q. Calliprinos: 5 ha – Mix of Q. Calliprinos and Q. infectoria: 167 ha – Calicoton and spartium: 32 h – Riparian : 2 The total forest area thus covers1250 ha (of which 17% are degraded).
General Description of the Pilot site (2) • Area concerned by component 3 : 1250 ha • Forested area concerned by component 3 : the whole forest area 1250 ha.
General Description of the Pilot site (2) Ownership of the forest land: • the reserve has 4 kind of ownerships: 1. the religious property that form the majority of the land owners 2. the family ownership that run by elected members representing the family 3. the communal land (local authority or public property) 4. private owners • In the core zone: 94% are of the first 3 types and 6% are of private ownership. • Buffer zones : 58.60% of the first 3 types and 41.40% are private ownership. • Development zone: 14.30% are of first 3 listed types and 85.70% private ones. 8
General Description of the Pilot site (2) • The Reserve is managed by an NGO (the Association for the Protection of Jabal Moussa (APJM). the latter has evolved from initially focusing on nature conservation solely to addressing both conservation and livelihood improvement (local specialized staff has been recruited. The ecotourism infrastructure is completely community-based ). • The site is also subject to the law number 558 dated 24 th of July 1996 with a ministerial decree issued by the Ministry of Agriculture relating to the protection and the management of such forests. • APJM has acquired new levels of legal protection for the reserve. In February 2012 a Presidential Decree was issued identifying and classifying Jabal Moussa as a Protected Natural Site. 9
General Description of the Pilot site (2) • Population in the site: The total inhabitants are 8 379 people where only 4 715 are permanent residents. • Forest users: around 10% of the above total population 10
General description of the pilot site (3) Bioclimatic zone: • The reserve has 4 mediterranean types: 1. the « thermomediterranean» (up to 500 m. of altitude) 2. the «meso-mediterranean» (500 -1000 m) 3. the «supra-mediterranean » (1000 -1500 m) 4. the « mountain-Mediterranean » (1500 – 1700 m of altitude). Jabal Moussa has a variety of bioclimates varying from sub-humid to humid with warm winter in the lower altitude areas and temperate humid in the medium altitude zones reaching per-humid climate in the upper altitudes.
General Description of the Pilot Site (3) Main types of ecosystems: • the biogeography region of the evergreen sclerophyllic shrubs and forests within Mediterranean biomes. • slopes of dense forests, deep valleys, dissected with rivers and streams, water catchment, caves and rocky karstic habitat with various oak trees, agricultural land, and urban area. • It is a Global Important Bird Area (IBA) where it hosts 83 bird species, 7 are regionally or globally threatened. • Around 30 reptiles and amphibians . • 23 mammal species encountered in the reserve area including the squirrel, wolf, hyrax, and hyena. 14 species, are wholly or partially limited to the Middle East region, 8 are regionally threatened and 6 are significantly declining. 12
General Description of the Pilot Site (3) • Eleven endemic plant species , with many of high genetic and economic value including wild relatives. • An impressive diversity of forestry, variety of trees. • Twenty specimens of trees and shrubs can be observed such as Ostrya carpinifolia (JM is the southern-most frontier in the oriental Mediterranean) Forest can be captured in: - specimens that are attractive to tourists such as futaies (dense or bright) and cepees; - classical specimens such as Pinus brutia, Quercus infectoria, Quercus calliprinos - rare specimens in Lebanon that are developing at a remarkable 13 rate such as Quercus cerris, Juniperus drupacea, Fraxinus ornus
General Description of the Pilot Site (3) Socio-economic activities in JM • Predominant activities: charcoal production, traditional agricultural activities (fruit trees plantation, olive, grape, apple, cereals and legumes) grazing, and seasonal recreation. • The ecotourism infrastructures (APJM), provide income to local residents including hiking, available guest houses (local guards, guides, guesthouses, bed-and breakfast..). Native tree nurseries create income to locals from land rental and maintenance. Local food and handicraft products branded and sold generate substantial income for non-working women. Apricot and peach Jam , Kishk, thyme , tomato Paste…. 14 lavender bags Jar covers, wooden coasters , traditional embroidered bags, traditional d ll d t i bi di it k h i
Local food and handicraft products branded thyme , tomato Paste…. lavender bags Jar covers, wooden coasters , traditional embroidered bags, 15
Natural Resource Management Framework Sector Competent authority Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) Forestry Ministry of Environment (MOE) Agriculture MOA MOA Fauna/Flora conservation MOE Livestock farming MOA Tourism Ministry of Tourism Urban & rural spatial planning Ministry of Public Affaire MOA Water management Ministry of Energy and Water (MOEW) Fishing MOA MOA Hunting MOE Pasture management MOA 16
Natural Resource Management Framework Some legislations (laws, ministerial decree) contribute to protect and manage the site. • Decision number 1/399 dated 2008 declares Jabal Moussa as protected forest site (the core zone, 43% of buffer zone and et 14% of the development zone). • The site is also subject to the law number 558 dated 24 th of July 1996 with a minister decree issued by the Ministry of Agriculture relating to protection and management of such forests • The site has acquired new levels of legal protection for the reserve. In February 2012 a Presidential Decree was issued identifying and classifying Jabal Moussa as a Protected Natural Site.
Stakeholders & their interests in the pilot site Actors/Stakeholders Type of interest Participation in management (people/groups who have an choices and/or implementation interest/implication in the site) of actions MOA Strengthen enforcement of Participate in design of management existing forest law / plans and execution of actions regulations Issuing of JM forest management plan through a decision/decree Improvement in forest law /regulations Enhance MOA forest inventory biodiversity data & pasture management Coherence with national forest programs and plans MOE national reserve planning and Participate in design of management management plans Municipalities/Local Enhanced local governance Consultation and implications to authority actions Income benefit through taxes Direct revenues on communal land ecotouristic 18 investements
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