Working Out the 23 cm EME Band N5BF 2014-2017 Microwave Update October 26-29, 2017 Santa Clara, California http://cbduncan.duncanheights.com/HamRadio/HamRadio.html
Outline • The N5BF 23 cm EME Station • The Moon – humanity’s beacon from antiquity • Working the 23 cm EME Band in 2016-2017 1296 EME. N5BF 2017 SBMS/MUD 2
The N5BF 23 cm EME Station 1296 EME. N5BF 2017 SBMS/MUD 3
Why 1296? (1960) 1. It is the first ham band where Faraday polarization shift becomes negligible. 2. Lowest ham band in which galactic and solar noise are at a minimum. 3. Highest ham band on which receive noise figure of less than 1 dB are possible. 4. Highest ham band where tubes capable of a kW input are available. 5. The only ham band where we were definitely assured that a competent and reliable group would be duplicating our efforts on the other end. ” • “Project Moon Bounce As Seen from Rhododendron Swamp ” by F. S. Harris, W1FZJ at http://www.ok2kkw.com/eme1960/eme1960eng.htm 1296 EME. N5BF 2017 SBMS/MUD 4
1296 at N5BF (2014-) • Quiet sky and environment, particularly important in the Big City. – 2010 ARRL Handbook Section 30.9 and Figure 30.64, Section 5.8 and Table 5.2. – Observational and anecdotal evidence that the 144 and 432 MHz bands are not very quiet in the Los Angeles basin and that it is even worse on 50 MHz and down. – I am not a “drive out in the desert for the weekend” type of operator despite higher activity levels on the lower bands. • Enough amateur activity to be worthwhile by my standards. – Experienced 23 cm EME operator Doug Millar K6JEY estimated about 85 active stations worldwide (in 2015). That was good enough. – Some evidence that 432 MHz activity worldwide is decreasing while 1296 MHz is increasing. • Faraday rotation negligible – And unimportant due to current convention of using circular polarization. • 1296 technology today is within reach of a hobby budget, good performance, better than 1960. • Station capable of detecting self echoes. • Exploration of the 23 cm EME space as visible from my house. – Ready to operate during brief or cramped availabilities. • Decades of daydreaming about an advanced station in the back of the 1971 edition of ARRL’s “How to Become A Radio Amateur” that I mistakenly thought was 1296 MHz. (I’m a romantic.) • 1296 is where amateur radio EME started. (ditto, romantic, and amateur historian) • “Top Band” of microwaves Red ties to 1960 Green is important to me 1296 EME. N5BF 2017 SBMS/MUD 5
GOTA • Millar’s Rule: “Get your station on the air then improve it. ” - K6JEY People tend to get stalled behind infinite complexity, unobtainium, and perfectionism • Duncan’s Rule: – Not about scrounging or minimizing $$ (within reason) – Is about fitting a real project into time available – N5BF 1296 EME. N5BF 2017 SBMS/MUD 6
Single Yagis Don’t Work on 23 cm 2014 1296 EME. N5BF 2017 SBMS/MUD 400 W de W6PQL 23cm35 tilted up - 2M12 shown for scale 7
Down Hill Tower Here (19’ Rohn 25) Den 160 Back Yard ( … no remodel) Kitchen Tilts Down In Back Yard Operating Desk Here Was Here 1296 EME. N5BF 2017 SBMS/MUD 8 Lot Edge
“Construction” Began 1/1/16 Rohn HB25AG Adjustable House Bracket, 0- 15” Rohn BPH25G Hinged Base Plate 3” hole in wall ready for Heliax, etc. 1296 EME. N5BF 2017 SBMS/MUD 9
Stop and Think • 432 after all? – No, on prior research – Comparison was a wash • 8x 23cm49 really? – At least 500 pieces – Linear – Single band – No – K2RIW’s 12 -foot stressed parabola was looking really good about now (PA1T) • 1974 ARRL Antenna Book – Switched to RF Ham Design parabola • With 48 hours to go (You can’t find pictures of big 23 cm – But M^2 was very helpful EME yagi arrays for good reasons.) 1296 EME. N5BF 2017 SBMS/MUD 10
RFHamDesign 3 m. 0.45 f/d Four (heavy) boxes of parts One rib assembled 1296 EME. N5BF 2017 SBMS/MUD 11
Construction Feed Installed 12 ribs and 5 rings assembled Mesh attachment Assembly performed on tower, on AlfaSpid 1296 EME. N5BF 2017 SBMS/MUD 12
RX Testing Good preamp behind marginal relay Measuring System Noise Figure with Sabin Noise Source 1296 EME. N5BF 2017 SBMS/MUD 13
TX Testing 300 Watts at Feed First Sun Noise Construction Configuration Note Feed Shadow 1296 EME. N5BF 2017 SBMS/MUD 14
Tower in Maintenance Position Tower in Operating Position 1296 EME. N5BF 2017 SBMS/MUD 15
Dish in “Feed Maintenance Position” 070/-20 (photo from roof ridge) The day I fixed the connector on the heliax (after many successful tests of the W6PQL amplifier “Load Fail” feature) 1296 EME. N5BF 2017 SBMS/MUD 16
RF Ham Design 23 cm EME Station Dual Mode RF Ham Design Circular Dish 3 m. 4.5 f/d Feed 1296 MHz TX 300 W (Manual Moon Tracking) MoondSked X RX MacBook Pro GM4JJJ terminator 15” AlfaSpid Relcom Mid 2010 ROT2Prog WJST RDL_SR012 OSX 10.12.6 ZS6TW DB6NT MKU LNA Browser KeySpan 132 AH AlfaSpid RAS USB 0.3 dB 25’ 7/8 Heliax HB9Q RTS 0.6 dB 20’ LMR600 Logger Etc. SignaLink Bias-T 6 dB 50’ LMR -400, etc. USB LNA power 400 W. 1296 RF “DIG” mode Relcom: NC – LNA to Term. 23CM2W500 SG Lab Key NO – LNA to Septum RX FT-817 TR1300 W6PQL Mic. V 2.2 28 VDC @ 50 A Homebrew FunCube For Clarity, 12 VDC wiring not shown key Switchbox* Dongle All equipment, including AlfaSpid 12 VDC Can be switched Except: *Homebrew Switchbox Into 144 MHz SSPA – 28 VDC as indicated being phased out RX path Relcom 24 VDC 1296 EME. N5BF 2017 SBMS/MUD 17 MacBook – self dongle to AC, internal battery
The View (This is the only straight key I’ve been able to tolerate since 1972. 1296 EME. N5BF 2017 SBMS/MUD 18
Four Five Configuration One Two Three 8/16/16 3/18/17 5/12/17 Start Date Formal 3/17/17 End Date present 7/21/17 Configuration Septum VE4MA choke feed Comparisons Power @ Feed 280 280 280 EIRP dBm 85.5 85.5 85.5 KW 352 352 352 Preamp G4DDK DB6NT G4DDK #2 Relay CX-520D Relcom Relcom Next thing to NF, sys., dB 2.19 1.50 1.41 try is reducing deg. K 190 120 111.3 RX spillover sun noise, dB 7.96 8.06 8.55 with choke. sigma 0.50 0.10 0.06 Already have -24.5 -22.0 -22.8 echoes, apogee empirical tree -20.1 -18.9 -17.3 echoes, perigee RX data. sigma 1.9 2.1 2.2 VK3UM done done done 1296 EME. N5BF 2017 SBMS/MUD 19
6/24/17 Perigee Echoes Recheck Configuration Three Note: Moon 10 degrees from sun 160 pts. before -10 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 -11 -17.3 mean -12 2.2 sigma -12.0 max -13 -23.0 min -14 11.0 range -15 0.0011 slope -16 -17 -18 -19 -20 -21 -22 after -23 -24 Worried about pointing yesterday, where lagging a degree or two in each direction seemed to help a lot, realigned on sun shadow and sun noise in “measure mode”. Change was minus on degree elevation and minus three degrees azimuth from old indicated to new indicated. 1296 EME. N5BF 2017 SBMS/MUD 20 Re- did yesterday’s echo test but not as long and got better statistics by about two dB.
6/9/17 Apogee Moonrise, Bottom Declination, Azimuth 125 (118-132) Picture is 03:51, 125/015, just above Rob’s Oak and entering my pine limbs. 802 pts. (Taken from north ledge, source of big top limb.) Elevation, deg. -15 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 -16 -22.8 mean -17 1.7 sigma -18.6 max -18 -27.1 min 0.17 slope -19 8.5 range -20 201 pts. -21 -22 Echo SNR dB 2500 Hz -23 -24 -25 -26 -27 Zone used for -28 Moon above horizon but in the apogee echoes stats Traversing Pine Limbs Oak across the street. 1296 EME. N5BF 2017 SBMS/MUD 21 -29
5/21/17 14:43Z Beam Cut Echoes Home Spreading 22 Hz 15 Declination -2 deg. Degradation 0.8 dB 10 Quality 5 0 -7.0 -6.0 -5.0 -4.0 -3.0 -2.0 -1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 Degrees from 148/049 -5 -10 Echo SNR dB 2500 Hz max -13.7 -15 3 dB full beamwidth 7 deg. (measured at 6 dB echo, -20 3 dB up, 3 dB down) -25 -30 Centered 0.5 degree before predict Indicates trailing half degree is best pointing 1296 EME. N5BF 2017 SBMS/MUD 22
The Moon Humanity’s Beacon from Antiquity 1296 EME. N5BF 2017 SBMS/MUD 23
Moon Arc for Equatorial Day 2017 November 2 UTC From DM04vf 90 0600 Culmination 75 Max Elevation Americas 0700 VK Window Open Moon on Due South Only celestial equator 60 Pine Tree Tops 45 0240 End of Europe Window Some Holes in Pine Blockage contacts 30 problematic 0140 Clearing Trees Other Trees 1030 contacts possible Hard Limit 15 Local Horizon 0035 Hill Horizon Catalina 0 0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300 315 330 345 360 0000 Astronomical Moonrise 1150 Hill Horizon 1220 Astronomical Moonset -15 1296 EME. N5BF 2017 SBMS/MUD 24
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