Women in the Progressive Era By; Cynthia Galvan, Leslie Estrada, Emma Siemens
Accomplishments Women's suffrage- 19th amendment in 1920, Susan B, ● Anthony Reform in family structures- Jane Addams, Hull House ● Labor Reform- UMWA, West Virginia Strike (1911-12), ● Colorado Strike (1913-14) Muckraking- Ida B Wells, Ida Tarbell ● Peace Movements- Women's Parade Committee, Women’s Peace ● Party Sanitary Reform- Caroline Bartlett Crane, Mary E ● McDowell, Edith W. Pierce, Catherine Beecher
Background Information Primary gathering to gather support for women's rights in ● 1948 in Seneca Falls Susan B Anthony and Elizabeth Stanton unsuccessfully ● lobbied lobbied Congress to include women in the 14th and 15th amendments Focuses exclusively on the right to vote in wake of Civil ● War
Background Information California Senator Aaron Sargent ● introduced a women’s suffrage amendment in 1878, was unsuccessful and the movement stalled In the late 1880s women started ● to become more involved in their community Helped motivate more women to ● support the suffrage movement
Susan B. Anthony Early life Born on February 15th, 1820, in Addams ● Massachusetts Raised in a Quaker family ● Taught for 15 years at Canajoharie ● Academy- equal wages Turned to temperance- first public ● speech at Daughters of Temperance meeting in 1848 Invited to Sons of Temperance meeting ● to listen and learn- attends first women’s rights convention (1852)
Susan B. Anthony Formed Women’s State Temperance Society - petition to ● regulate liquor sales in New York but was dismissed Joined anti-slavery movement- American Anti- Slavery ● Society Focused on Women’s rights - needed voice in government ● for any reform to occur Founded American Equal Rights ● Association (1868) Became Editor of The Revolution ● “ Men their rights, and ○ nothing more; women their rights, and nothing less”
Susan B. Anthony Founded National Woman Suffrage Association (1869) ● Voted illegally in presidential election of 1872 ● Published first volume of History of Woman Suffrage with ● Elizabeth Stanton, Ida Harper, & Matilda Gage
Jane Addams early life Born September 6th, 1860- Died May 21, 1935 ● in Cedarville, Illinois Father was a local political leader and state ● senator Graduated from Rockford Female Seminary in ● 1881 Dropped out of medical school and toured ● Europe Visited settlement house-Toynbee Hall ● Opened similar house in Chicago for ● underprivileged- Hull House (1889)
Jane Addams Became involved in Peace reform ● Spoke against WWI Entrance in 1914 ● Became president of Women’s International League for ● Peace and Freedom until 1929 - 6 international conferences
Hull House Originally began as reading center ● Women needed childcare- began kindergarten ● Sewing and cooking lessons, lectures ● Expanded to other buildings used for classes, clubs, ● nursery school, public library, gymnasium Became center for Women/Family Reform ●
Margaret Sanger 10.14.1879-10.6.1966 ● Practiced obstetrical nursing in the ● Lower East side of New York City Saw high rates of infant and maternal ● fatalities, deaths from illegal abortions, and poverty levels rising with uncontrolled fertility Decided to devote her life to educating ● the population about contraception
Margaret Sanger Published many written pieces on the topic ● Including: “What Every Girl Should Know” for the New York ● Call, “The Eugenic Value of Birth Control Propaganda” for the Birth Control Review, issued a magazine titled “The Women Rebel”, and books titled What Every Mother Should Know and My Fight For Birth Control She was indicted for sending out mail advocating birth ● control, but the charges were later dropped
Margaret Sanger Opened the first Birth Control Clinic in the U.S in ● Brooklyn in 1916 Was arrested and charged with maintaining a “public ● nuisance” The legal harassment helped sway public opinion ● She prompted the federal courts to allow physicians to ● educate their patients about birth control She also helped the courts to reinterpret the Comstock ● Act of 1873
Margaret Sanger Founded the American Birth Control League (ABCL) ● ABCL helped found the Birth Control Federation of America ● Birth Control Federation of America became Planned ● Parenthood Federation in 1942
Carrie Chapman Catt 1.9.1859-3.9.1947 ● Graduated from Iowa State Agricultural College ● Advanced from teacher to superintendent ● Married twice, Leo Chapman and George Catt ●
Carrie Chapman Catt Joined the Iowa Woman Suffrage ● Association in the late 1880s Became involved with the National ● American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) Was a very influential speaker, spoke all ● over the country Elected president of NAWSA in 1900 ●
Carrie Chapman Catt Founded the International Woman Suffrage Alliance ● Retired in 1904 to care for dying husband ● Decided to mourn and travel abroad ● Assisted in founding the Woman’s Peace Party in 1915 ● Returned to NAWSA Presidency in 1915 ● Devised the “Winning Plan” ● Helped ensure final victory ●
Carrie Chapman Catt Combined the New York City suffrage ● groups into the Woman Suffrage Party Greatly contributed to New York state ● suffrage victory in 1917 Founded League of Women Voters ● Served as their honorary ● president until her death
Carrie Chapman Catt During her life she also focused on issues such as world ● peace, child labor, and nazisim. Organized the Committee on the Cause and Cure of War ● Worked with Jewish refugees during Hitler’s rise to power ●
Alice Paul 1.11.1885-6.9.1977 ● Parents taught gender equality ● Mother was a suffragist ● Attended Swarthmore College ● Earned PhD from University of ● Pennsylvania Went to England and met Lucy Burns and ● joined women's suffrage effort there Joined National American Woman Suffrage ● Association Lead Washington DC chapter ●
Alice Paul Lobbied Congress for a Constitutional ● Amendment Differences in political strategy led Paul and ● others to leave NAWSA Formed National Woman’s Party ● Organized many marches supporting suffrage ● Largest march in Washington DC on March 3, ● 1913 Approx. 8,000 women participated ● Met with Woodrow Wilson on March 17th, said it ● was to early to amend constitution
Alice Paul Organized a demonstration and founded the Congressional ● Union for Woman Suffrage In January 1917, Paul and over 1,000 other “Silent ● Sentinels” started their picketing in front of the White House Harassed by spectators ● Arrested on “Obstructing Traffic” charges ● Paul sentenced to 7 months in jail ● News of her treatment gathered public support, by 1918 ● Woodrow Wilson publicly supported suffrage
Hanna McCormick 3.27.1880-12.31.1944 ● Attended elite private schools ● throughout her youth When 16, her father was elected ● into US Senate and they moved to Washington DC Married Medill McCormick, heir ● to the Chicago Tribune, in 1903
Hanna McCormick Joined the Settlement House Movement ● Also active in the pure foods movement ● Started her own dairy farm and breedery, sold quality ● milk to the public
Hanna McCormick Was active in the Suffrage Movement from 1913-1920 ● Worked as a lobbyist to confirm the Illinois Equal ● Suffrage Act passed in 1913 Succeeded ALice Paul as the chair of the Congressional ● Committee of the National American Woman Suffrage Association Wanted to bring women into the Republican Party ● In 1918 she was elected to direct the Republican Women’s ● National Executive Committee
Hanna McCormick Became the first National Committeewoman from Illinois ● Husband failed to get re-elected for senate ● Hanna blamed his loss on a lack of female voters ● Spent the following 4 years creating GOP women’s clubs ● Had a club in 90 out of Illinois’ 102 counties ●
Hanna McCormick Believed it was best to keep U.S ● out of war Elected U.S Representative from ● Illinois in 1928 Decided to run for Senate, ● nominated by the Republican Party First Woman to be nominated for ● Senate by a major party Didn’t win due to a plethora of ● reasons
Hanna McCormick Simms Married Albert Gallatin Simms in 1932 ● He was also a Representative during the ● 71st Congress First time two concurrent Members had ● married Moved to New Mexico ● She started an all girls’ school ● Continued to manage two newspapers and a ● radio station in Illinois Sold dairy farm and bought 250,000 acres ● of cattle land in Colorado :)
Hanna McCormick Simms Became first woman to manage a presidential campaign in ● 1940 Worked for Thomas Dewey ● Gave multiple speeches a day ●
Hanna McCormick Simms Fell off a horse on her ranch in Colorado ● Broke her shoulder and was diagnosed with pancreatitis ● Pancreas burst on December 4th, died on December 31st ●
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