without Sacrificing the Unique Identity: A strategic priority for - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Developing an Internationalization Strategy Prof. Dr. Cem Tanova without Sacrificing the Unique Identity:

A strategic priority for governments around the world because of the economic, political, social, and academic benefits associated with it. 1 More than 90% of universities have Internationalization internationalization mentioned in their trends mission/strategic plan. 2 Number of international students globally increased from 2 to 5.3 million according to OECD. 3

Why do students go abroad? • The push factors are factors associated with the home country and motivate the students to leave their home country to undertake international study • The pull factors operate within the host country and draw the students to the destination

Push factors had strength in the initial reasons for studying abroad, Role of Push and Pull Factors Pull factors dominated the choices of a host country and a host institution

The Case of Eastern Mediterranean University established as a Internationalization Higher Technological Institute in 1979 of Higher Education in North Cyprus To educate local Turkish Cypriot youth after the separation of the two communities in Cyprus. Soon attracted international students Accessibility English Language Quality of education Safe environment • Entry education • Affordability

English Language education Accessibility Internationalization of EMU: • Entry Attracted • Affordability international students Quality of education Safe environment

25 Bahçeşehir Kıbrıs Üniversitesi Kıbrıs Sağlık ve Toplum Bilimleri Üniversitesi 20 20 19 18 Kıbrıs Amerikan 17 Kıbrıs Batı Üniversitesi 16 ODTÜ Kuzey Kıbrıs Üniversitesi 15 15 Kıbrıs Sosyal Bilimler Kampüsü 14 13 Üniversitesi Uluslararası Kıbrıs 12 Ada Kent Üniversitesi Üniversitesi Yakın Doğu 11 Uluslararası Final Lefke 10 10 Üniversitesi Üniversitesi 9 Avrupa İTÜ - KKTC Eğitim Onbeş Kasım Kıbrıs Arkın Yaratıcı Sanatlar 8 Ünivers … Araştırma Yerleşkeleri Üniversitesi 7 Girne Amerikan ve Tasarım Üniversitesi 6 Üniversitesi Rauf Denktaş 5 5 Doğu Akdeniz Akdeniz Karpaz 4 Üniversitesi Üniversitesi 3 Üniversitesi Girne Üniversitesi 2 Kıbrıs İlim Üniversitesi 1 0

North Cyprus Students in International Rapid Rise of 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 0 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 Local 2002-03 2003-04 Titolo del grafico 2004-05 Turkey 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 International 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2018-19

Mean SD Ranking Not being able to be placed in the 3.19 1.56 academic program in my country Reasons for The high cost of the educational program 2.61 1.51 in my country Studying Desire to learn about other cultures 2.53 1.35 Limited scholarship opportunities in my 2.52 1.50 Abroad country Quality of education in my country is 2.06 1.34 lower Lower status of graduates of universities 1.87 1.21 in my country Lower quality of life in my country 1.84 1.19

Factors Push / Obligatory Pull / Choice Not being able to be placed in the academic program .381 -.283 in my country The high cost of the educational program in my -.007 .788 country Desire to learn about other cultures -.050 .538 Limited scholarship opportunities in my country .773 .068 Quality of education in my country is lower .748 .260 Lower status of graduates of universities in my .139 .794 country Lower quality of life in my country .149 .760

Student spending is 25-30% of the GDP of North Cyprus. Tuition is only 25% of the student Student spending Spending in North Cyprus 75% goes to cover other needs • such as food (40%), • accommodation (25%), • communication, transportation etc. (10%)

Benefits of Internationalization According to Universities 2 • Increased international awareness of / deeper engagement with global issues by students. • Enhanced internationalization of the curriculum. • Improved quality of teaching and learning. • Strengthened institutional research and knowledge production capacity. • Enhanced prestige/profile for the institution. • Opportunity to benchmark/compare institutional performance within the context of international good practice. • Enhanced international cooperation and capacity building. • Increased international networking by faculty and researchers. • Increased/diversified revenue generation.

Risks of Internationalization According to Universities 2 • International opportunities accessible only to students with fnancial resources • Diffculty to assess/recognize quality of courses/programmes offered by foreign institutions • Excessive competition with other higher education institutions • Commodifcation and commercialization of education programmes • Anti-globalization sentiments

Developing a Strategy

Developing a Strategy Universalist approach “best practice” there are some standards that all universities should apply Universalism One size fits all Contingency/Best Fit “ Fit” with external environment Classical strategy. Strategy is aligned with and contingent upon the demands of the environment. Externally focused/Outside in Resource Based View A paradigm shift, Focuses on internal resources “Uniqueness ” leads to competitive advantage Internally focused/Inside out

Benchmarking Accreditation Bodies The Universalist Strategy Ranking Systems Coercive Institutional Theory - Mimetic Isomorphisim Normative

SWOT PESTLE Analyze the environment The Fit Model Assess the competititive forces Cost Leadership – Ease of Access, entry, etc Choose between Differentiation – Offer high quality and demand more Resist the temptation to change course in the process

The frog story Resource Based View Find your internal core treasure

The key focus of the RBV is to create SCA through investing in and organising their resources and capabilities Sustained Competitive These resources can be Advantage tangible (e.g. physical and fnancial) intangible (organisational, patents or and skilled human resources). (SCA) In the context of managing people, we are most interested in how human resources management policy choices and organisational strategies help in achieving SCA

VALUE RARITY VRIO IMITABLE (NOT) ORGANISATION

Find your Do not institution’s imitate unique value proposition So, what should our internationalization strategy be like? Do not kill the goose Think long that lays the term golden eggs

1. Crăciun , D. (2018). National Policies for Higher Education Internationalization: A Global Comparative Perspective BT - European Higher Education Area: The Impact of Past and Future Policies. In A. Curaj, L. Deca, & R. Pricopie (Eds.) (pp. 95 – 106). Cham: Springer International Publishing. 2. Marinoni, G. (2019). Internationalization of Higher Education: An Evolving Landscape, Locally and Globally IAU 5 th Global Survey Executive summary. 3. OECD (2019). Education at a Glance 2019, OECD Indicators.