Western Riverside Western Riverside AQMD Town Hall Meeting AQMD Town Hall Meeting April 21, 2008 April 21, 2008 Barry Wallerstein, D.Env D.Env. . Barry Wallerstein, Executive Officer Executive Officer South Coast Air Quality Management District South Coast Air Quality Management District
SCAQMD Background SCAQMD Background South Coast Basin: South Coast Basin: L o s A n g e le s S a n B e rn a rd in o C o u n ty • 4 4- -county region county region • C o u n ty • 11,000 sq. miles 11,000 sq. miles • R iv e rs id e • 16½ million residents 16½ million residents • O ra n g e C o u n ty C o u n ty • Hundreds of thousands Hundreds of thousands • diesel vehicles diesel vehicles • Millions of gasoline vehicles Millions of gasoline vehicles • • Combined Ports of Long Beach and Combined Ports of Long Beach and • Los Angeles = nation's largest cargo gateway Los Angeles = nation's largest cargo gateway
Key Air Pollutants Key Air Pollutants Historic Historic • Smog (Ozone) Smog (Ozone) • • Fine Particulate (PM2.5) Fine Particulate (PM2.5) • • Air Toxics (Carcinogens) Air Toxics (Carcinogens) • Emerging Emerging • Climate Change (Greenhouse Gases) Climate Change (Greenhouse Gases) •
New Emission Reductions New Emission Reductions New Emission Reductions Needed Needed Needed • CA Carbon Reduction Goals CA Carbon Reduction Goals (from 1990) • (from 1990) – � � 17% by 2020 17% by 2020 – – � � 80% by 2050 80% by 2050 – • 24 24- -Hour PM2.5 / 8 Hour PM2.5 / 8- -Hr. Ozone Standards Hr. Ozone Standards • – � � 70% 70% NOx NOx – • New 8 New 8- -Hour Ozone Standard Hour Ozone Standard • – � � 90% 90% NOx NOx –
Airborne Hexavalent Hexavalent Chromium Chromium Airborne in the Western Riverside Area in the Western Riverside Area
Multiple Air Toxics Exposure Multiple Air Toxics Exposure Study - - III III Study Sun Valley Sun Valley Burbank Burbank Fontana Fontana San Bernardino San Bernardino Los Angeles Los Angeles Industry Commerce Pico Rivera Pico Rivera Commerce Rubidoux Rubidoux Huntington Park Huntington Park Compton Compton Long Beach North Long Anaheim Anaheim Beach Wilmington/ Wilmington W. Long Santa Ana Santa Ana Beach Indio Indio Fixed Sites Fixed Sites Temporary Sites Temporary Sites
2005 Hexavalent Chromium 2005 Hexavalent Chromium Emissions in the Emissions in the South Coast Air Basin South Coast Air Basin Metal Processes Paved Road Dust 22% 19% Heavy Duty Diesel Trucks 3% Trains and Marine 1% Off-Road On-Road Equipment Gasoline 19% 36%
Hexavalent Chromium Hexavalent Chromium MATES- -III III MATES Hexavalent Chromium ng/m3 MATES II AQMD Lab data MATES III Year 1 MATES III Year 2 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 Anaheim Burbank Central LA Compton Fontana Huntington North Long Pico Rivera Rubidoux Wilmington Average Rubidoux Park Beach Filter Blank
Riverside Cement Western Riverside Air Monitoring Station
Initial Actions Initial Actions • Examined permit records and surveyed Examined permit records and surveyed • area for potential hexavalent chromium area for potential hexavalent chromium sources sources • No major No major hexavalent hexavalent chromium sources chromium sources • found found • Reports and literature did NOT indicate Reports and literature did NOT indicate • that emissions of hexavalent chromium that emissions of hexavalent chromium from cement facilities were significant from cement facilities were significant
Wind Analysis at Western Wind Analysis at Western Riverside Monitoring Station Riverside Monitoring Station • Most frequent wind direction is from Most frequent wind direction is from • the West the West • However, higher levels of However, higher levels of • hexavalent chromium are measured hexavalent chromium are measured when wind blows from the Northeast when wind blows from the Northeast • The cement production facilities are The cement production facilities are • located over two miles to the located over two miles to the Northeast Northeast
Deposition Plate Deployment Deposition Plate Deployment • Glass plates placed to collect falling particles Glass plates placed to collect falling particles • • A good survey tool for covering a wide area A good survey tool for covering a wide area • • Not used for determining true atmospheric Not used for determining true atmospheric • concentrations concentrations • Three rounds of deployment in the area Three rounds of deployment in the area • – Jan, Feb, Mar Jan, Feb, Mar – • All three rounds showed higher hexavalent All three rounds showed higher hexavalent • chromium content of deposited particles near chromium content of deposited particles near Riverside Cement Riverside Cement
Cr6 Deposition Plate Results - Round 3 Highest Middle Lowest
Extensive Sweep of the Area for Extensive Sweep of the Area for Other Hexavalent Chromium Other Hexavalent Chromium Sources Sources • More than 50 square mile area around More than 50 square mile area around • Riverside Cement Riverside Cement • Identified 444 regulated or potentially Identified 444 regulated or potentially • regulated sources regulated sources • None had None had hexavalent hexavalent chromium chromium • emissions at levels that would lead to the emissions at levels that would lead to the observed monitored concentrations observed monitored concentrations
PM samplers for Hexavalent Chromium Hexavalent Chromium Averages (ng/m3) 26 sampling days Feb. 12 – Apr. 9, 2008 0.31 0.32 2.43 1.01 MATES-III Basin Average = 0.20 0.27 MATES-III Rubidoux Average = 0.39
Emissions Tests Emissions Tests • White cement production facility - Kiln stack tested on March 19 - 21, 2008 – Very low levels of hexavalent chromium emitted – Not enough to account for levels observed at offsite monitoring locations
Material Samples from Material Samples from Riverside Cement Riverside Cement • Collected samples from Riverside Cement Collected samples from Riverside Cement • Facility Facility – Soil Soil – – Finished product Finished product – – Clinker storage piles Clinker storage piles – – Bag Bag- -house fall house fall- -out out – • Higher levels of hexavalent chromium found in Higher levels of hexavalent chromium found in • gray cement materials gray cement materials • Not enough to produce observed Not enough to produce observed • concentrations at sampling sites concentrations at sampling sites
Storage Piles Storage Piles Gray Clinker Gray Clinker Monitoring Monitoring Location Location
Upon Further Analysis… Upon Further Analysis… • Separated larger pieces of storage pile gray clinker • Separated larger pieces of storage pile gray clinker from fine dust material using a sieve from fine dust material using a sieve • Fine dust showed much • Fine dust showed much Bulk Sieved higher hexavalent chromium higher hexavalent chromium samples Samples content content (<44 µm) Cr+6 Cr+6 • Fine dust is more likely to • Fine dust is more likely to Location (ppb) (ppb) Bay A surface 500 become airborne and blow become airborne and blow Bay A sub-surface 750 3980 offsite offsite Bay B surface 800 3350 Bay B sub-surface 870 • Observed concentrations at • Observed concentrations at Bay H surface 1320 6830 Bay H sub-surface 2030 sampling sites now within sampling sites now within Bay I surface 1140 2070 the range of model Bay I sub-surface the range of model 1120 Bay J surface 1670 15000 predictions predictions Bay J sub-surface 1740
Fingerprinting Fingerprinting • Microscopically examined gray clinker fine dust and • Microscopically examined gray clinker fine dust and particles on the deposition plates particles on the deposition plates Deposition Plate Adjacent to Deposition Plate Adjacent to Gray Clinker Fine Dust Gray Clinker Fine Dust Riverside Cement Riverside Cement
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