Web Technologies and Impact Applications Babyboomer after the - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Web Technologies and Impact Applications • Babyboomer after the WWII, generation X late 60s. Winter 2001 • I have the incline to call the last generation: generation Internet due to the impact on their lives. CMPUT 499: Internet and WWW • A teenager is buying his first CD on-line. Dr. Osmar R. Zaïane • A grandmother is e-mailing her friends around the world using her television. • The Internet has a profound impact not only on the new generation, but on all people off all ages where University of Alberta ever they are.  Dr. Osmar R. Zaïane, 2001  Dr. Osmar R. Zaïane, 2001 Web Technologies and Applications University of Alberta 1 Web Technologies and Applications University of Alberta 2 Course Content Objectives of Lecture 2 Internet and WWW • Introduction • Databases & WWW Internet and WWW • Internet and WWW • SGML / XML • Protocols • Managing servers • Get a brief overview of the history of the • HTML and beyond • Search Engines Internet and the different tools that exist on • Animation & WWW • Web Mining • Java Script • CORBA the Internet; • Dynamic Pages • Security Issues • Understand the distinction between the • Perl • Selected Topics Internet and the World-Wide Web. • Java Applets • Projects  Dr. Osmar R. Zaïane, 2001  Dr. Osmar R. Zaïane, 2001 3 3 4 Web Technologies and Applications University of Alberta Web Technologies and Applications University of Alberta

Outline of Lecture 2 When Did It All Start? • The Memex machine: the dream will come true • In 1945, Vannevar Bush wrote an article “As We May Think” describing a machine, • Hypertext: linking new kinds of documents Memex, containing human collective • The Internet: infallible information exchange knowledge organized with “trails” linking • The World-Wide Web and the start of a new era materials of the same topic. • Web-based applications • The article revolutionized information • Some terminology technology before even the existence of modern computers.  Dr. Osmar R. Zaïane, 2001  Dr. Osmar R. Zaïane, 2001 Web Technologies and Applications University of Alberta 5 Web Technologies and Applications University of Alberta 6 Outline of Lecture 2 Where is the memex? • Memex is hypothetical machine. • The Memex machine: the dream will come true • The information stored ought to be accessible. • Hypertext: linking new kinds of documents • We haven’t fulfilled the dream yet. • The Internet: infallible information exchange • But much has been achieved in 50 years. • The World-Wide Web and the start of a new era • Web-based applications • Some terminology  Dr. Osmar R. Zaïane, 2001  Dr. Osmar R. Zaïane, 2001 7 8 Web Technologies and Applications University of Alberta Web Technologies and Applications University of Alberta

Hypertext-Hyperlink-Hypermedia Outline of Lecture 2 • Following Memex idea, Ted Nelson developed • The Memex machine: the dream will come true the Xanadu project which aimed at placing the • Hypertext: linking new kinds of documents entire world’s literary corpus on-line. • The Internet: infallible information exchange • Ted Nelson coined the term hypertext in 1965. • The World-Wide Web and the start of a new era A document is not contiguous but is a set • Web-based applications of connected parts of documents. Hyperlinks are links that connect sub- • Some terminology documents. Hypermedia is a multimedia hypertext document,  Dr. Osmar R. Zaïane, 2001  Dr. Osmar R. Zaïane, 2001 Web Technologies and Applications University of Alberta 9 Web Technologies and Applications University of Alberta 10 ARPAnet NSFnet • In the heart of the cold war, ARPA (Advanced Research • DARPA, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Projects Agency) was created (1957). The purpose was to outrun Agency, still exists and the military have their own the Russians in the race for mastering rocket launching. network but the original ARPAnet was integrated into • In 1969, it was decided to link sensitive computer centres by a the current Internet. network in order to withstand a possible nuclear attack. The • The National Science Foundation in the USA funded the idea was to allow centres to communicate even after a centre is NSFnet which was created in 1985. destroyed. (Bob Taylor’s idea) • Backbone Network speed: T1 (1.5mb/sec.) to T3 • It connected government labs, major research centres and (45mb/sec.) universities. • It originally connected 5 major universities with • It existed until 1988 and was officially dismantled in 1990. supercomputer centres, but rapidly included other • Backbone Network speed: 64Kbits/second universities, research centres and private companies. • Major achievements: • Replaced ARPAnet as the backbone of Internet in 1990 – TCP/IP, Domain Name Service, e-mail (SMTP), FTP, Telnet...  Dr. Osmar R. Zaïane, 2001  Dr. Osmar R. Zaïane, 2001 11 12 Web Technologies and Applications University of Alberta Web Technologies and Applications University of Alberta

What about the Internet? CA net Year Speed USA equivalent • The Internet didn’t originate in the USA alone. Ca net 1990 1.5 mb/s NSFnet • Other networks existed in North America and Europe and other places in the world. Ca net 2 1997 155 Mb/s Internet2 • BitNet, for instance, connected many research Ca net 3 1999 2.5 Gb/s Internet2 centres and universities. Abilene & vBSN • Bridges connected these networks to create a projects larger international network: the Internet. Alberta also has a project for a high speed • Late 90s: Internet2, funded by US universities, connection between Edmonton and Calgary a sequel to NSFnet with new protocols.  Dr. Osmar R. Zaïane, 2001  Dr. Osmar R. Zaïane, 2001 Web Technologies and Applications University of Alberta 13 Web Technologies and Applications University of Alberta 14 Internet Timeline Explosive Growth 1980 2000 1970 1975 1985 1990 1995 1969 1982 1992 1994 1996 1998 1974 1979 1986 1990 1995 ARPANET USENET ARPANET NSF-Net ARPANET Veronica Harvest Internet Internet Tax Java commissioned transition to created ceases to exist phone Freedom Act TCP/IP 1993 1995 Mosaic 1997 by DoD 1972 TCP/IP 1985 1988 1990 VRML 1999 1981 1992 Wireless ARPANET FTP IRC Archie Internet2 BITNET MBONE 1994 Internet access demonstration 1986 NGI and CSNET come 1991 E-commerce NNTP 1998 1996 1971 into being Gopher 1993 Clever 1999 AltaVista FTP on NCP 1983 Crawlers 1994 1991 RSVP ARPANET splits Yahoo WAIS 1996 1973 into ARPANET 1993 WebSQL 1998 First international 1994 and MILNET 1992 W3C Google connection UCSTRI WWW 1997 (UK+Norway) in CERN 1994 WebOQL 1991 1993 MLDB + Netfind Aliweb WebQL 1 3 11 33 49 59 81 96 134 171 # countries 1969 1973 1989 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 Year 4 62 213 1,961 313,000 1,486,000 6,642,000 36,739,000 # hosts 1969 1974 1981 1985 1990 1993 1995 1998 Year  Dr. Osmar R. Zaïane, 2001  Dr. Osmar R. Zaïane, 2001 15 16 Web Technologies and Applications University of Alberta Web Technologies and Applications University of Alberta

Advent of the World-Wide Web Outline of Lecture 2 • In 1990, Tim Berners-Lee developed a on-line hypertext- based system to help researchers at CERN in Switzerland • The Memex machine: the dream will come true share information across a diverse computer network. • He came up with first versions of HTML (based on • Hypertext: linking new kinds of documents SGML) and the HTTP protocol. • The Internet: infallible information exchange • HTTP and HTML catapulted the Internet to new heights. • The World-Wide Web and the start of a new era • The WWW revolutionized the use of the Internet thanks • Web-based applications to a multimedia user friendly interface: a web browser. • Some terminology • Mosaic was developed in NCSA by students at the University of Illinois in 1993, among them Marc Andreessen who created Netscape in 1995.  Dr. Osmar R. Zaïane, 2001  Dr. Osmar R. Zaïane, 2001 Web Technologies and Applications University of Alberta 17 Web Technologies and Applications University of Alberta 18 Other Taxonomy of Internet Tools The WWW is not alone • Communication services – E-mail, newsgroups (usenet), telnet, internet • There are other tools on the Internet. They relay chat (IRC), … could be classified as: • Information storage and exchange – Command Line . Ex: FTP (1971) – FTP, Gopher, Alex, … – Menu-based . Ex: gopher (1991) • Information Indexing – Search engine . Ex: WAIS (1991) – Archie, Veronica, Wais, UCSTRI, Whois, … – Hypermedia . Ex: WWW (1991) • Interactive Multimedia information delivery – WWW and its indexes.  Dr. Osmar R. Zaïane, 2001  Dr. Osmar R. Zaïane, 2001 19 20 Web Technologies and Applications University of Alberta Web Technologies and Applications University of Alberta