Water Energy Nexus Energy sector Water sector What is - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

6/23/2017 Content Water – Energy Nexus  Energy sector  Water sector  What is energy-water nexus? Milad Pooladsanj  Why is nexus important? S upervisors: Amin Nobakhti  Nexus in Iran Mahdi S harifzadeh  Quantifying the water-energy nexus  Challenges Feb 2017 Milad Pooladsanj 2/ 33 Energy S ector World Total Primary Energy Supply from 1971 to 2014 by Fuel (Mtoe) The Energy Sector in 2040  Energy Security : uninterrupted availability of 2014 energy sources at an affordable price  Energy demand will nearly double by 2050  Global population is projected to surpass 8.3 billion by 2030 (up from 6.8 billion today)  Nearly 1.2 billion people did not have access to electricity in 2014  Renewables and natural gas are the big winners in the race to meet energy demand growth until 2040 IEA ‐ 2016 Milad Pooladsanj Milad Pooladsanj 3/33 3 4/33 1

6/23/2017 World Total Primary Energy Supply from 1971 to 2014 by Region (Mtoe) Crude Oil Production from 1971 to 2014 by Region (Mt) 2014 2015 • Iran : 6 th Country with 3.9% share of total Milad Pooladsanj Milad Pooladsanj 5/33 6/33 Natural Gas Production from 1971 to 2014 by Region (bcm) Coal Production from 1971 to 2014 by Region (Mt) 2015 2015 • Iran : 3 rd Country with 5.1% share of total Milad Pooladsanj Milad Pooladsanj 7/33 8/33 2

6/23/2017 Nuclear Production from 1971 to 2014 by Region (TWh) Hydro Production from 1971 to 2014 by Region (TWh) 2015 2015 Milad Pooladsanj Milad Pooladsanj 9/33 10/33 World Electricity Generation from 1971 to 2014 by Fuel (TWh) World Electricity Generation from 1971 to 2014 by Region (TWh) 2014 2014 • Iran : 3 rd Country with 5.8% share of electricity generation from oil • Iran : 4 th Country with 3.9% share of electricity generation from natural gas Milad Pooladsanj Milad Pooladsanj 11/33 12/33 3

6/23/2017 Average annual growth in renewable energy capacity and R enewables in Energy S ector biofuels production across the three end‐use sectors  Critical for addressing climate change  Creating new economic opportunities  Providing energy access to billions of people without modern energy service REN21 ‐ 2015 REN21 ‐ 2015 Milad Pooladsanj Milad Pooladsanj 13/33 14/33 Water S ector Percent of population with access to improved water sources (%)  Water Security : The capacity of a population to safeguard sustainable access to adequate quantities of and acceptable quality water  Water demand will nearly increase 50% by 2050  Climate change , population and water withdrawal intensify water stress Fresh Water Resources Total Water Resources Human Freshwater Use UN Water ‐ 2016 Milad Pooladsanj Milad Pooladsanj 15/33 16/33 4

6/23/2017 Water Withdrawn Per Capita (m3/year) Total renewable resources per capita (m3/inhab/yr) UN Water ‐ 2016 FAO AQUASTAT‐ 2015 Milad Pooladsanj Milad Pooladsanj 17/33 18/33 Proportion of renewable water resources withdrawn Average Annual Precipitation in 2016 (mm/year) FAO AQUASTAT‐ 2015 FAO AQUASTAT‐ 2016 Milad Pooladsanj Milad Pooladsanj 19/33 20/33 5

6/23/2017 What is Energy-Water Nexus?  Water and Energy : paramount importance for human livelihood – closely intertwined → must be addressed together  we do not appreciate the coupled correlation between them  Nucleus of this bond is the reciprocal dependency of resources → how one resource’s demand can steer further demand Milad Pooladsanj Milad Pooladsanj 21/33 22/33 Water use for electricity generation by cooling Why is Energy-Water technology Nexus Important?  Water-related risks to energy security  Shifts in water availability and quality → reduced reliability of supply  Increase in energy demand for water production, treatment and distribution IEA ‐ 2012 Milad Pooladsanj Milad Pooladsanj 23/33 24/33 6

6/23/2017 Amount of Energy Required to provide �� � of Nexus In Iran water safe for human consumption  Energy-related risks to water security  Limited or unreliable access to affordable energy  Renewable energy policies → 5000 MW necessary to extract water electricity production from wind/solar by 2020  Allocation of water resources towards energy  Climate change policies → No relevant policy! production → water security risks in other sectors  Risks of water contamination from energy- extraction processes Milad Pooladsanj Milad Pooladsanj 25/33 26/33 Iran TPES from 1971 to 2013 by Fuel (Mtoe) Total Production of Renewables (Mtoe) CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion (Mt of CO2) TPES/population (toe per capita) Milad Pooladsanj Milad Pooladsanj 27/33 28/33 7

6/23/2017 Quantifying The Water-Energy Nexus Iran Electricity Generation from 1971 to 2013 by Fuel (TWh)  A nexus assessment methodology 2013 Qualitative • Providing insights on some of the response options analysis • Quantitative analysis → interlinkages matrix Quantitative • Application of input/output tool assessment • Comparison of interventions Milad Pooladsanj Milad Pooladsanj 30/ 33 29/33 Proposed Method Challenges Multi-objective optimization: deterministic and stochastic Data collection across the interconnected systems of the nexus is   crucial  Objective 1: Cost objective function  information about different elements of the nexus separately  Power generation cost  data on how the elements of the nexus relate to each other  Water Generation cost  Accuracy of the data released by different institutions  Objective 2: Greenhouse Gas emission objective function Complex optimization problem  Climate change feedback: the proposed optimization problem is solved  using climate information in future  Non-linear: accurate but unsolvable! Comparison with IEA scenarios Current policies scenario   Linear: accuracy problem New policies scenario 450 policies scenario Milad Pooladsanj 31/ 33 Milad Pooladsanj 32/ 33 8

6/23/2017 Thanks for your attention Milad Pooladsanj 33/ 33 9