W ir eless Mesh Netw or k W ir eless Mesh Netw or k Technical Overview Technical Overview Danny Ng mailto:danng@nortelnetworks.com
What is a Wireless Mesh Network ? What is a Wireless Mesh Network ? Traditional WLAN Architecture Access Point 10/100BT Ethernet Backbone Ethernet Network Access Point IEEE 802.11 a/b/g 2
What is a Wireless Mesh Network ? What is a Wireless Mesh Network ? WLAN with Wireless Transit Backbone Ethernet Network Access Point 10/100BT Ethernet Access Point IEEE 802.11 a/b/g Wide variety of Wireless Transit technology 3
What is a Wireless Mesh Network ? What is a Wireless Mesh Network ? Wireless Mesh Backbone Ethernet Network Access Point 10/100BT Ethernet Access Point IEEE 802.11 a/b/g Wireless transit with Inter-AP ‘Meshing’ protocol 4
Prototype Network Architecture Prototype Network Architecture OAM&P I nt er net Border Service AAA DHCP at large Service Service Gat eway Ent er pr ise / I SP Policy Subscr iber Service Mgmt Service Backbone Fir ewall, Net wor k NAT, et c. NOSS WG-1 WG-2 CAN-Alpha Ent er pr ise / I SP / Met r o NAP-R1 Dist r ibut ion Net wor k NAP-R2 NAP-R3 AP AP AP = Wireless Access P oint C AN = Communit y Area Net work NAP-R = Net work Access P oint Rout er NOSS = Net work Operat ions & Support Services CAN-Bet a CAN-Gamma WG = Wireless Gat eway WMN = Wireless Mesh Net work 5
Nortel Wireless Mesh Network Network Architecture Architecture Nortel Wireless Mesh OAM&P I nt er net Border Service AAA DHCP at large Service Service Gat eway Enterprise / ISP Enterprise / ISP Policy Subscr iber Service Mgmt Service Fir ewall, Backbone Backbone NAT, et c. Network Network NOSS WG-2 Enterprise/ISP Backbone Network • Carry IP traffic between Wireless Gateways (WG) and other CAN-Alpha elements of the Enterprise / ISP Network (e.g. Border Gateways (BG), NOSS servers). Ent er pr ise / I SP / Met r o NAP-R1 Dist r ibut ion Net wor k NAP-R2 NAP-R3 AP = Wireless Access P oint C AN = Communit y Area Net work NAP-R = Net work Access P oint Rout er NOSS = Net work Operat ions & Support Services CAN-Bet a CAN-Gamma WG = Wireless Gat eway WMN = Wireless Mesh Net work 6
Nortel Wireless Mesh Network Architecture Nortel Wireless Mesh Network Architecture OAM&P I nt er net Border Service AAA DHCP at large Service Service Gat eway Ent er pr ise / I SP Policy Subscr iber Service Mgmt Service Backbone Fir ewall, Net wor k NAT, et c. NOSS WG-2 WG-1 CAN-Alpha Enterprise / ISP / Metro Enterprise / ISP / Metro NAP-R1 Distribution Network Distribution Network NAP-R2 NAP-R3 Enterprise/ISP/Metro Distribution Network • Carry IP traffic between Wireless Gateways (WG) and Network Access Point Routers (NAP-R). • May be a Layer 3 routed, or • May be a Layer 1 or Layer 2 transport domain AP = Wireless Access P oint C AN = Communit y Area Net work NAP-R = Net work Access P oint Rout er NOSS = Net work Operat ions & Support Services CAN-Bet a CAN-Gamma WG = Wireless Gat eway WMN = Wireless Mesh Net work 7
Nortel Wireless Mesh Network Architecture Nortel Wireless Mesh Network Architecture Border Border OAM&P I nt er net Service AAA DHCP Gateway Gateway at large Service Service Ent er pr ise / I SP Policy Subscr iber Service Mgmt Service Backbone Fir ewall, Net wor k NAT, et c. NOSS WG-2 WG-1 CAN-Alpha Border Gateway Ent er pr ise / I SP / Met r o NAP-R1 • incorporates all functions required to interface with the Internet-at-Large. Dist r ibut ion Net wor k • Advertises reachability to the Internet-at-Large for IP addresses assigned to WMN NAP-R2 NAP-R3 subscribers and network entities. • May also provide connectivity for other, non- WMN Enterprise / ISP entities. • May also incorporate other inter-networking functions (e.g. NAT, firewall, redirection). • Has no knowledge of WMN -specific mobility and security functions. AP = Wireless Access P oint C AN = Communit y Area Net work NAP-R = Net work Access P oint Rout er NOSS = Net work Operat ions & Support Services CAN-Bet a CAN-Gamma WG = Wireless Gat eway WMN = Wireless Mesh Net work 8
Nortel Wireless Mesh Network Architecture Nortel Wireless Mesh Network Architecture OAM&P I nt er net Border Service AAA DHCP at large Service Service Gat eway Ent er pr ise / I SP Policy Subscr iber Service Mgmt Service Backbone Fir ewall, Net wor k NAT, et c. NOSS WG-1 Wireless Wireless Gateway Gateway CAN-Alpha Ent er pr ise / I SP / Met r o NAP-R1 Dist r ibut ion Net wor k NAP-R2 NAP-R3 Wireless Gateway • Advertises reachability (within Enterprise / ISP Distribution Network) for one or more IP subnets assigned to WMN subscribers and network entities. • Hides WMN -specific mobility and security functions from the rest of the Enterprise / ISP Distribution and Backbone Networks. AP = Wireless Access P oint C AN = Communit y Area Net work NAP-R = Net work Access P oint Rout er NOSS = Net work Operat ions & Support Services CAN-Bet a CAN-Gamma WG = Wireless Gat eway WMN = Wireless Mesh Net work 9
Nortel Wireless Mesh Network Architecture Nortel Wireless Mesh Network Architecture OAM&P I nt er net AAA Service DHCP Border at large Service Service Gat eway Policy Subscr iber Ent er pr ise / I SP Service Mgmt Service Backbone Fir ewall, Net wor k NAT, et c. NOSS NOSS WG-2 Network Operations and Support Services • Centralised monitoring and managing network operations. CAN-Alpha • Interface to distributed elements of the WMN network through standard protocols I.e. DHCP, SNMP, RADIUS. Ent er pr ise / I SP . Met ro NAP-R1 Dist r ibut ion Net wor k NAP-R2 NAP-R3 AP = Wireless Access P oint C AN = Communit y Area Net work NAP-R = Net work Access P oint Rout er NOSS = Net work Operat ions & Support Services CAN-Bet a CAN-Gamma WG = Wireless Gat eway WMN = Wireless Mesh Net work 10
Prototy p e W ireless Access Point Prototy p e W ireless Access Point Radio Networking Technology Radio Networking Technology Prototype Wireless Access Point (AP) Transit Link (TL) @ 5 GHz • Elevat ed dual-polar ant ennas Existing utility pole or wall offering wit h swit ched-beams . elevated mounting position • 802.11a Access Link (AL) @ 2.4 GHz Mobile nodes using standard • Elevat ed, dual-polar , diversit y 802.11b/g NIC and software swit ched ant ennas. • 802.11b/ g MN MN MN MN Access and Transit links separated in space and frequency 11
Prototy p e W ireless Access Point Prototy p e W ireless Access Point Switched Beam Antenna for Transit Links Switched Beam Antenna for Transit Links Beam pat t er ns over lap t o avoid need f or alignment dur ing inst allat ion • Antenna structure N N integrated into AP – A beam is selected for communicating with each of the S neighbouring APs. S • Multiple degrees of Having mult iple beams alleviat es deployment dif f icult ies, even if only a freedom for each transit f ew ar e ever used in pr act ice Access Link cover age is link t ypically less t han r each of Transit Link � Beam � Frequency P rimary dir ect ion of � Polarisation NAP select ed beam � Burst time 12
Prototy p e W ireless Access Point Prototy p e W ireless Access Point Transit Link Radio System Transit Link Radio System • 802.11a standard physical layer • ‘Meshing’ protocol above the MAC layer for transit link discovery, establishment, monitoring, maintenance, re-establishment • Automatic assignment of channels according to local conditions and AP neighbourhood • Consideration - Availability of 5GHz band in different countries 13
Prototy p e Access Point Prototy p e Access Point 14
Wireless Mesh Applications Wireless Mesh Applications • Ad Hoc Networks • Access Networks with minimal cable infrastrcuture • Out door and in door campus • Public Metro Wireless Networks 15
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