VULNERABLE ROAD USERS (VRU) AND THE VULNERABILITY OF ROAD SAFETY PERFORMANCE What are the “low-hanging fruits” for Low and Middle Income Countries (LMIC)? PROFESSOR DR. AHMAD FARHAN MOHD SADULLAH UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA Safer Road by Infrastructure Operation and Design Technical Session 4: VRU Kuala Lumpur Wednesday 24th April 2019
WHY ARE WE NOT MEETING OUR TARGETS? WHERE IS THE ELUSIVE DEFLECTION POINT? WE ARE SUPPOSED TO HALVE ALL OUR ROAD SAFETY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS BY 2020 Source: WHO (2018) Global Status Report on Road Safety 2018
THE PROBLEM IS IN THE LOW AND MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES Source: WHO (2018) Global Status Report on Road Safety 2018
Who are progressing and who are not? Source: WHO (2018) Global Status Report on Road Safety 2018
VULNERABLE ROAD USERS Source: WHO (2018) Global Status Report on Road Safety 2018
Distribution of Death (percentage) by Road User Type (2016 data) Eastern South Western Americas Europe Africa WORLD Mediterranean East Asia Pacific Cars 34 48 40 39 16 22 29 Motorcycles 23 11 9 15 43 36 28 V Cyclists R 3 48 5 43 4 53 2 51 2 59 6 64 3 54 U Pedestrians 22 27 40 34 14 22 23 Others 18 9 7 10 25 14 17 100 TOTAL 100 100 100 100 100 100 Death/100000 15.6 9.3 26.6 18.0 20.7 16.9 18.2 people Source: WHO (2018) Global Status Report on Road Safety 2018
ARE WE DOING ENOUGH FOR Vulnerable Road Users (VRU)? We know that VRU is the biggest contributor to road casualties To many countries in LMIC, getting results for VRU, will help achieve the general road safety results VRU is indeed vulnerable Do we understand enough about their risk and the associated safety behaviour? Do we have enough accurate evidence to come up with e ff ective interventions and road safety outcomes? Are we introducing e ff ective interventions to achieve the desired outcomes
THE MALAYSIAN CASE STUDY
MALAYSIAN’s not so +ve progress Since the last deflection point in 1997, Malaysia has failed to achieve significant and consistent reduction in road casualties
WE NEED TO FIND OUR DEFLECTION Malaysia POINT FIRST AND SUBSEQUENTLY SUSTAIN OUR PROGRESS Malaysia
Malaysia Malaysia 7.19% 7.14% 6.54% Malaysia 20.3% 20.8% 18.8% 62.7% 62.7% 64.5% 1.60% 1.72% 2.40%
THE MAIN VRU IN MALAYSIA IS THE MOTORCYCLISTS
Percentage of motorcycles and cars of total registered Percentage Growth: Malaysian vehicle registration vehicles in Malaysia Motorcycles Year Cars Year Motorcycles Cars Growth Growth 2008 8,487,451 7,966,525 2008 47.19% 44.29% 2009 8,905,854 4.930% 8,461,334 6.211% 2009 47.03% 44.68% 2010 9,368,454 5.194% 9,017,613 6.574% 2010 46.80% 45.05% 2011 9,947,189 6.177% 9,675,397 7.294% 2011 46.66% 45.39% 2012 10,544,578 6.006% 10,294,024 6.394% 2012 46.67% 45.56% 2013 10,926,125 3.618% 10,355,037 0.593% 2013 46.56% 44.12% 2014 11,629,265 6.435% 11,199,910 8.159% 2014 46.33% 44.62% 2015 12,094,790 4.003% 11,871,696 5.998% 2015 45.98% 45.14% 2016 12,677,041 4.814% 12,997,839 9.486% 2016 45.87% 47.03% 2017 12,897,496 1.739% 13,237,588 1.845% 2017 45.91% 47.13%
MOTORCYCLES RISK FACTORS Smallest motorised vehicles in a highly mixed tra ffi c Not majority but significant enough Able to traverse at their “free-flow speed” Able to weave between other vehicles - in and out of blind spots
MOTORCYCLES RISK FACTORS - adding to the risk Motorcyclists visibility/ conspicuity Riding behaviour (speeding, licensing issues, competency issues, weaving, red light jumping, not respecting rules) Poor active and passive safety on motorcycles
ZOOMING ON MOTORCYCLES MIROS and other researchers have done many useful research and analysis on motorcycle safety We know The crash profile of crashes involving motorcycles The profile of riders and victims of motorcycle crashes The risky behaviour of motorcyclists on roads The risk motorcycles face in a mixed tra ffi c situation The factors influencing behaviour of motorcyclists The e ff ectiveness of interventions
The 16-20 year old bracket is out biggest problem
Mistake or incompetent?
INTERVENTIONS INTRODUCED: SUCCESS OR FAILURE? • Helmet law and proper helmet wearing • Motorcycles head lights on all the time • Luminesce sticker to improve night and poor lighting visibility • Seggregation (full and partial) for motorcycles • Sporadic enforcement • Advocacy - road safety education at schools • Community based programmes
INTERVENTIONS INTRODUCED: SUCCESS OR FAILURE? • Helmet law and proper helmet wearing • Poor enforcement • Not su ffi cient to tackle rapid movements • Head lights on all the time and in and out of blind spots • Only for visibility, does not contribute • Luminesce sticker to improve night and poor e ff ectively towards active safety lighting visibility • Capacity issues, maintenance issue, lack • Seggregation (full and partial) for motorcycles of enforcement • Can be totally absent and apathetic • Sporadic enforcement • Yet to see the results, but external • Advocacy - road safety education at schools influencing factors and lack of enforcement may hamper • Community based programmes • Has potential, but lack of encouragement for communities to take ownership of safety
MOTIVATION • Malaysia and many Low and Middle Income countries have struggled to achieve the targets of the Road Safety Decade of Action • We need to find the “DEFLECTION POINT” that would be the beginning point of reduction in all the misery indicators of road safety • As we often tackle road safety issues as a system, we often neglect the “low- hanging fruits” that would help us achieve that “Deflection Point” sooner. • The “Safe-System Approach” is still very important to ensure that we sustain the positive results from the “Deflection Point” onwards
1. Fatalities THE ROAD Global targets : Decade of Action for Road Safety 2. Injuries Road Safety Targets National target : Malaysian Road Safety Plan SAFETY SYSTEM 3. Crashes Annual targets ???? 4. Other influencing indicators ENABLING DATA Aggregated Data Data Analytics Research • 2nd level understanding of • In-depth understanding of road • Base-Line Data road safety situation safety situation • Trend • Monitoring of progress Provide potential solutions Evidenced - Based What is our Approach Problem? Motorcycle is our worst 15 - 25 year old is our Road casualty is positively Rural roads and Federal road safety component worst age-bracket correlated to vehicle Roads are our worst roads registration BEST OPPORTUNITY TO SOLVE MALAYSIAN ROAD SAFETY PROBLEM
1. Fatalities THE ROAD Global targets : Decade of Action for Road Safety 2. Injuries Road Safety Targets National target : Malaysian Road Safety Plan SAFETY SYSTEM 3. Crashes WE ARE NOT DOING ENOUGH TO Annual targets ???? 4. Other influencing indicators ENABLING DATA ADDRESS THESE ISSUES! Aggregated Data Data Analytics Research • 2nd level understanding of • In-depth understanding of road • Base-Line Data road safety situation safety situation • Trend • Monitoring of progress Provide potential solutions Evidenced - Based What is our Approach Problem? Motorcycle is our worst 15 - 25 year old is our Road casualty is positively Rural roads and Federal road safety component worst age-bracket correlated to vehicle Roads are our worst roads registration BEST OPPORTUNITY TO SOLVE MALAYSIAN ROAD SAFETY PROBLEM
TAKE HOME MESSAGE 1 The importance of having appropriate targets for road safety - please have them The critical importance of enabling data Appreciation that research will value- add and guide the road safety e ff ort Acknowledge four critical road safety situation in MALAYSIA that will provide the best opportunity to improve the road safety situation
1. Addressing the safety of OUR BEST motorcycles OPPORTUNITY TO 2. Addressing the FIND A DEFLECTION problems associated with the youth POINT (15 - 25 year age SOLVE OUR BIGGEST PROBLEMS bracket) 3. Ensuring all rural roads and federal roads are “Forgiving Roads”
CAUSE AND EFFECT ANALYSIS 1 Without strong WILL and THE WILL COMMITMENT, we will not achieve any results THE TARGET We need to put various targets at all levels as KPI for road safety Road casualty is positively Motorcycle is our worst 15 - 25 year old is our Rural roads and Federal correlated to vehicle road safety component worst age-bracket Roads are our worst roads registration Attitude of Attitude and Lack of Non-Forgiving road users Competency Issues Roads Behaviour on Behaviour on Roads Roads HIGHER Mixed Tra ffi c RISKS Mixed Tra ffi c “Motorcycle” and “15-25 yrs old” problems share similar issues. Addressing them will provide the Attitude and Behaviour on roads are common How to Manage Risks? BIGGGEST WIN for ROAD SAFETY contributors to increased risks on the roads. HOW DO WE TACKLE THEM EFFECTIVELY?
LETS US START WITH MOTORCYCLES IN FACT “MOTORCYCLES AND 15-25 YEAR OLD” HAVE SIMILAR ROOT PROBLEMS
CAUSE AND EFFECT ANALYSIS 2A MANAGING THE RISKS Motorcycles & 15-25 year age bracket Motorycle is the smallest Attitude of Riders Competency of Riders vehicle on a typical road SO WHAT IS WHY? THE PROBLEM?
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