Vulnerability Assessm ent 2 0 0 4 Luanda, 2 5 June 2 0 0 4 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Vulnerability Analysis and Food Aid W orking Group Chaired by W FP/ VAM Unit Vulnerability Assessm ent 2 0 0 4 Luanda, 2 5 June 2 0 0 4 Vulnerability Assessment 2004 - p1

Overview 1 . Methodology of the VA 2 0 0 4 2 . Highlights of vulnerability to food insecurity ( structural and current) 3 . Outcom es and I m plications Vulnerability Assessment 2004 - p2

I nputs for VA 2 0 0 4 Provincial Vulnerability Community food security survey Analysis (VA) reports – in 11 provinces – statistical descriptive interpretation analysis of community level food in 11 provinces. security indicators. FAO/ WFP CFSAM mission 11 provincial reports National Overview Vulnerability Assessment 2004 - p3

1 . Provincial Vulnerability Analysis Reports • Assesses vulnerability by area and social group based on five elements (qualitative) : – accessibility and population movements – agriculture – market functioning & price trends – health, nutrition & sanitation – Income & coping strategies • An empirical combination of the above elements yields a Composite Vulnerability Index (CVI) for each of the population groups by geographic area. • Information obtained from government bodies and humanitarian agencies. Vulnerability Assessment 2004 - p4

2 a. Com m unity Survey: sam pling com m unities • Access and travel ! Selected Communities Cabinda Cabinda Cabinda Selected Communities Selected Communities Cabinda Cabinda Cabinda Cabinda Cabinda Cabinda Selected Communities Selected Communities Selected Communities Selected Communities Selected Communities Selected Communities lim itations ! ! • No sam pling fram e ! Zaire Zaire Zaire Zaire Zaire Zaire Zaire Zaire Zaire ! ! ! ! Uige Uige Uige ! ! Uige Uige Uige Uige Uige Uige ! ! A one-degree grid • ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Bengo Bengo Bengo Bengo Bengo Bengo Bengo Bengo Bengo ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! • Random selecting of ! ! ! ! ! ! Lunda Norte Lunda Norte Lunda Norte Lunda Norte Lunda Norte Lunda Norte ! ! ! Lunda Norte Lunda Norte Lunda Norte ! ! ! ! Luanda Luanda Luanda Luanda Luanda Luanda ! ! Luanda Luanda Luanda ! ! ! Kuanza Kuanza Kuanza Kuanza Kuanza Kuanza ! ! Kuanza Kuanza Kuanza ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Malanje Malanje Malanje Norte Norte Norte Malanje Malanje Malanje Malanje Malanje Malanje ! Norte Norte Norte Norte Norte Norte ! ! ! ! cells from this grid ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Lunda Sul Lunda Sul Lunda Sul ! Lunda Sul Lunda Sul Lunda Sul Lunda Sul Lunda Sul Lunda Sul ! ! ! ! ! • Tw o villages selected by ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Kuanza Sul Kuanza Sul Kuanza Sul Kuanza Sul Kuanza Sul Kuanza Sul Kuanza Sul Kuanza Sul Kuanza Sul ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! the interview er: ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Huambo Huambo Huambo ! Benguela Benguela Benguela Benguela Benguela Benguela Huambo Huambo Huambo Huambo Huambo Huambo ! Benguela Benguela Benguela Bie Bie Bie Bie Bie Bie Bie Bie Bie Moxico Moxico Moxico Moxico Moxico Moxico Moxico Moxico Moxico ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! – on different roads, ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Huila Huila Huila ! ! Huila Huila Huila Huila Huila Huila ! ! ! ! – accessible by car, and ! ! ! Kuando Kubango Kuando Kubango Kuando Kubango Kuando Kubango Kuando Kubango Kuando Kubango Kuando Kubango Kuando Kubango Kuando Kubango ! Namibe Namibe Namibe Namibe Namibe Namibe Namibe Namibe Namibe – have minimum 15 and ! ! ! Cunene Cunene Cunene Cunene Cunene Cunene ! Cunene Cunene Cunene maximum 800 households Vulnerability Assessment 2004 - p5

2 b. Com m unity survey - them es • Demographic structure of the community; • Population movements & origin; • Main economic activities & income diversification; • Remoteness of the communities & access to services and infrastructures; • Type of coping mechanisms used and their frequency; • Access to productive and household assets; • Access to education & gender issues related to school enrollment; • Characteristics of the subsistence agriculture; • Proxy indicators to estimate the impact of HIV/ Aids Seasonal assessm ent survey ( central highlands only) • General agricultural characteristics; • Rainfall pattern during the crop season • Water logging, floods and impact on crop production; Vulnerability Assessment 2004 - p6

Analytical Fram ew ork • Triangulation of the different information sources. • Statistics to enrich the descriptive analysis from the provincial reports - national tabulation with “ provincial/ regional averages ”. • Statistics to compare provinces and regions • Correct “ qualitative ” provincial VA outcomes with “ objective ” quantitative statistics. Vulnerability Assessment 2004 - p7

Highlights of structural and current vulnerability Vulnerability Assessment 2004 - p8

Dem ographics • 48.4% of households residing 1 0 0 % long time in the community; 9 0 % 45% are returnees 8 0 % 7 0 % % population 6 0 % • 5.5% of rural population 5 0 % composed of RET that did not 4 0 % cultivate last season 3 0 % 2 0 % 1 0 % • most RET & REA come from 0 % o l o e a u e a e o g other parts within the province o t e l j l b r n g g e S c n i o i m B u i u i a a n U a N x H g a l b e o z a u B n u a n M (61.5% ) & from Luanda M e K H z a B n u o a K d u n (23.1% ) K a u K R e s id e n ts R e tu rn e e s w ith o u t h a rve s t • dependency ratio: 5.1 persons, R e tu rn e e s w ith o n e h a rve s t R e tu rn e e s w ith 2 o r m o re h a rve s ts increasing from N to S ID P 's R e s e ttle d Population structure of the communities by province • 21.5% of households headed by women • KKubango, Malanje, Bié, Moxico & KNorte - very young villages: less than 1/ 3 of members are residents • 87% of villages: more than 15 years. KKubango, Moxico & Bié 25, 15 and 11% of villages exist for only 1 or 2 years. Vulnerability Assessment 2004 - p9

Population m ovem ents ( last six m onths) • Central region: large internal population movements (51% to Bie, 30% Kuanza Sul, 19% Huambo) • Northeastern region: 60% are external returnees from Congo RDC and Zambia 20,000 • Southern 15,000 region: relatively Persons 10,000 few movements, with internal 5,000 returnees - accounting for Northeastern region Central region Southern region 95% of the total 7,686 17,429 8,045 Internal returnees 15,590 279 408 External returnees Vulnerability Assessment 2004 - p10

Econom ic activities, agriculture, and incom e diversification Total rural incom e � Agriculture 4 3 .8 % � Casual labor 1 7 .9 % � Livestock 1 1 .2 % � Charcoal production & firewood 8 .5 % � Various business 5 .2 % � Other 7 .8 % • Agriculture: m ore im portant in the north • Livestock: higher share in the south • Casual labor m ainly restricted to agriculture: m ore im portant in Huam bo ( 3 4 .1 % ) & Bié ( 3 2 % ) • “Other incom es” (7.8% ): sale of local drinks (2.6% ), sale of honey (2.2% ), handicraft (1.2% ), palm oil extraction (1.3% ) & construction (0.7% ). Vulnerability Assessment 2004 - p11

Agriculture • 43.8% of total rural incom e • Relatively few lim itations in access to agricultural land, except in Huam bo, Huila & Benguela • Access to agricultural land for tw o third (62.8% ) through fam ily property & 25.1 % by authorization of the soba • The m ajority of the recently established com m unities have been planting fruit trees during the last tw o years Vulnerability Assessment 2004 - p12

The agricultural season 2 0 0 3 -2 0 0 4 8 8 .5 % of the • 100 % of communities 80 com m unities have 60 cultivated a larger area 40 of subsistence crops 20 0 com pared to last year North Central Sud Cultivated larger area than last year Harvested more than last year • The total harvest has Central highlands - no only increased in the harvest this year: North (67.7% ); in the Central region 76.6% & • Huambo 4 0 .3 % . in the Southern region • Bié 6 .2 % 87.3% report a sm aller harvest than last year. • Huila 1 8 .3 % Vulnerability Assessment 2004 - p13

Season 2 0 0 3 -2 0 0 4 : Central Highlands Patterns: • Rainfall: intense, frequent, accompanied by heavy winds and localized hailstorms • Insufficient agricultural inputs (animal traction, fertilizer...) • Leaching of plant nutrients on the poor sandy soils. Low access to organic material (from animals) and chemical fertilizers (expensive & only available in major centers) • Poor farming practices with late planting & poor weeding due to continuous humidity of the soil and the plants • Lack of crop rotation (maize in particular) • Use of inappropriate varieties of maize seeds & late planting Results: • I n the low lands ( nacas ) , alm ost 100% of all crops w here lost • Highlands: yields range from 0 to 2500 kg/ ha of m aize Vulnerability Assessment 2004 - p14