Virtualization in the Cloud: Featuring Xen and XCP Lars Kurth Xen Community Manager lars.kurth@xen.org FREENODE: lars_kurth @lars_kurth
A Brief History of Xen in the Cloud Late 90s XenoServer Project
A Brief History of Xen in the Cloud Late 90s ‘03 XenoServer Project Xen 1.0
A Brief History of Xen in the Cloud Late 90s ‘03 ‘06 ‘08 Amazon EC2 XenoServer and Slicehost Project launched Xen 1.0 Rackspace Cloud
A Brief History of Xen in the Cloud Late 90s ‘03 ‘06 ‘08 ‘11 ‘12 Amazon EC2 XCP 1.x XenoServer and Slicehost Cloud Mgmt Project launched Xen 1.0 Rackspace Cloud XCP packages in Linux
A Brief History of Xen in the Cloud Late 90s ‘03 ‘06 ‘08 ‘11 ‘12 Amazon EC2 XCP 1.x XenoServer and Slicehost Cloud Mgmt Project launched Xen 1.0 Rackspace Linux 3.0 Cloud XCP packages in Linux
A Brief History of Xen in the Cloud Late 90s ‘03 ‘06 ‘08 ‘11 ‘12 ‘13 Amazon EC2 XCP 1.x XenoServer and Slicehost Cloud Mgmt Project launched Xen 1.0 Rackspace Xen for Linux 3.0 Cloud ARM servers XCP packages in Linux 10 th birthday
The Xen Hypervisor was designed for the Cloud straight from the outset!
Xen.org • Guardian of Xen Hypervisor and related OSS Projects • Xen Governance similar to Linux Kernel – Plus project lifecycle and Project Management Committee (PMC) • Projects – Xen Hypervisor (led by 5 committers, 2 from Citrix, 1 from Suse, 2 Independent) – Xen Cloud Platform aka XCP (led by Citrix) – Xen ARM : Xen for mobile devices (led by Samsung)
Xen contributor community is diversifying 100% • The number of “significant” 90% active vendors is increasing 80% 70% 60% • New feature development driving 50% 40% new participation 30% 20% 10% 0% 2010 2011 2012 Citrix UPC SUSE Amazon University AMD GridCentric Individual NSA Intel Fujitsu iWeb Misc Oracle Spectralogic University of British Columbia
Xen Overview
Hypervisor Architectures Type 1: Bare metal Hypervisor A pure Hypervisor that runs directly on the hardware and hosts Guest OS’s. VM n VM 1 VM 0 Guest OS and Apps Hypervisor Scheduler Device Drivers/Models MMU Host HW I/O Memory CPUs Provides partition isolation + reliability, higher security
Hypervisor Architectures Type 2: OS ‘Hosted’ Type 1: Bare metal Hypervisor A pure Hypervisor that runs directly on the A Hypervisor that runs within a Host OS and hosts hardware and hosts Guest OS’s. Guest OS’s inside of it, using the host OS services to provide the virtual environment. VM n User-level VMM VM n User VM 1 VM 1 Apps Device Models VM 0 VM 0 Guest OS Guest OS and Apps and Apps Host OS Hypervisor Scheduler Ring-0 VM Monitor “ Kernel “ Device Drivers Device Drivers/Models MMU Host HW Host HW I/O Memory CPUs I/O Memory CPUs Low cost, no additional drivers Provides partition isolation + reliability, Ease of use & installation higher security
Xen: Type 1 with a Twist Type 1: Bare metal Hypervisor VM n VM 1 VM 0 Guest OS and Apps Hypervisor Scheduler Device Drivers/Models MMU Host HW I/O Memory CPUs
Xen: Type 1 with a Twist Type 1: Bare metal Hypervisor Xen Architecture VM n VM 1 VM n VM 0 VM 1 Guest OS VM 0 and Apps Guest OS and Apps Hypervisor Scheduler Device Drivers/Models Hypervisor MMU Scheduler MMU Host HW Host HW I/O Memory CPUs I/O Memory CPUs
Xen: Type 1 with a Twist Type 1: Bare metal Hypervisor Xen Architecture Control domain (dom0) VM n VM 1 VM n Device Models VM 0 VM 1 Guest OS VM 0 Drivers and Apps Guest OS and Apps Linux & BSD Hypervisor Scheduler Device Drivers/Models Hypervisor MMU Scheduler MMU Host HW Host HW I/O Memory CPUs I/O Memory CPUs
Xen and Linux • Xen Hypervisor is not in the Linux kernel • BUT : everything Xen and Xen Guests need to run is! • Xen packages are in all Linux distros (except RHEL6) – Install Dom0 Linux distro – Install Xen package(s) or meta package – Reboot – Config stuff: set up disks, peripherals, etc. More info: wiki.xen.org/wiki/Category:Host_Install
Basic Xen Concepts Console • Interface to the outside world Control Domain aka Dom0 VM n • Dom0 kernel with drivers Control domain VM 1 • Xen Management Toolstack (dom0) VM 0 Guest Domains Guest OS • Your apps and Apps Dom0 Kernel Driver/Stub/Service Domain(s) Hypervisor Scheduler MMU XSM • A “driver, device model or control Host HW service in a box” I/O Memory CPUs • De-privileged and isolated • Lifetime: start, stop, kill Trusted Computing Base 18
Basic Xen Concepts Console Console • Interface to the outside world Control Domain aka Dom0 VM n • Dom0 kernel with drivers Control domain VM 1 • Xen Management Toolstack (dom0) VM 0 Guest Domains Toolstack Guest OS • Your apps and Apps Dom0 Kernel Driver/Stub/Service Domain(s) Hypervisor Scheduler MMU XSM • A “driver, device model or control Host HW service in a box” I/O Memory CPUs • De-privileged and isolated • Lifetime: start, stop, kill Trusted Computing Base 19
Basic Xen Concepts Console Console • Interface to the outside world Control Domain aka Dom0 VM n • Dom0 kernel with drivers Control domain VM 1 • Xen Management Toolstack (dom0) One or more VM 0 Guest Domains Toolstack driver, stub or Guest OS service domains • Your apps and Apps Dom0 Kernel Driver/Stub/Service Domain(s) Hypervisor Scheduler MMU XSM • A “driver, device model or control Host HW service in a box” I/O Memory CPUs • De-privileged and isolated • Lifetime: start, stop, kill Trusted Computing Base 20
Xen Variants for Server & Cloud Hypervisor Xen 21
Xen Variants for Server & Cloud Hypervisor Xen Toolstack / Console Default / XL (XM) Libvirt / VIRSH XAPI / XE Increased level of functionality and integration with other components Single Host Single Host Basic Functions Additional Functionality Multiple Hosts Additional Functionality 22
Xen Variants for Server & Cloud Hypervisor Xen XCP Toolstack / Console Default / XL (XM) Libvirt / VIRSH XAPI / XE Increased level of functionality and integration with other components Single Host Single Host Basic Functions Additional Functionality Multiple Hosts Additional Functionality 23
Xen Variants for Server & Cloud Project Xen XCP Toolstack / Console Default / XL (XM) Libvirt / VIRSH XAPI / XE Increased level of functionality and integration with other components Get Binaries from … Linux Distros Linux Distros Debian & Ubuntu ISO from Xen.org 24
Xen Variants for Server & Cloud Project Xen Hypervisor XCP Toolstack / Console Default / XL (XM) Libvirt / VIRSH XAPI / XE Increased level of functionality and integration with other components Get Binaries from … Linux Distros Linux Distros Debian & Ubuntu ISO from Xen.org Products Oracle VM Huawei UVP Citrix XenServer 25
Xen Variants for Server & Cloud Project Xen Hypervisor XCP Toolstack / Console Default / XL (XM) Libvirt / VIRSH XAPI / XE Increased level of functionality and integration with other components Get Binaries from … Linux Distros Linux Distros Debian & Ubuntu ISO from Xen.org Used by … More info: xen.org/community/ecosystem.html xen.org/community/presentations.html 26 xen.org/products/case_studies.html
Xen : Types of Virtualization
PV Domains Technology: Control domain Guest VM n • Paravirtualization (dom0) Linux PV guests have limitations: Apps • limited set of virtual hardware PV Back Ends PV Front Ends Advantages • Fast HW Drivers • Works on any system Dom0 Kernel Guest OS (even without virt extensions) Xen Hypervisor Host HW I/O Memory CPUs 28
PV Domains & Driver Domains Technology: Control domain Guest VM n Driver Domain • Paravirtualization (dom0) e.g. • Disk Linux PV guests have limitations: Apps • Network • limited set of virtual hardware PV Back Ends PV Front Ends PV Back End Advantages • Fast HW Drivers HW Driver • Works on any system Dom0 Kernel Guest OS Dom0 Kernel* (even without virt extensions) Driver Domains Xen Hypervisor • Security Host HW • Isolation I/O Memory CPUs • Reliability and Robustness *) Can be MiniOS 29
HVM & Stub Domains Technology: Dom0 Guest VM n • Shows emulation using QEMU/Device Model (SW Virtualization) IO Emulation Device Model • In other situation HW can be used Disadvantages IO Event • Emulation slower than PV Dom0 Kernel VMEXIT (mainly I/O devices) Advantages Xen Hypervisor • No kernel support needed Host HW I/O Memory CPUs 30
HVM & Stub Domains Technology: Dom0 Guest VM n Stubdom n Guest VM n • Shows emulation using QEMU/Device Model (SW Virtualization) IO Emulation IO Emulation Device Model Device Model • In other situation HW can be used Disadvantages IO Event IO Event • Emulation slower than PV Dom0 Kernel VMEXIT Mini OS VMEXIT (mainly I/O devices) Advantages Xen Hypervisor • No kernel support needed Host HW Stub Domains I/O Memory CPUs • Security • Isolation • Reliability and Robustness 31
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