Vegetation height maps derived from Vegetation height maps derived from digital elevation models – – the next digital elevation models the next innovation in the production of innovation in the production of orienteering maps? orienteering maps? OCAD AG OCAD AG Mühlegasse 36 CH-6340 Baar / Schweiz th August 2013 Vege getatio tation height height map maps, the ne , the next inn xt innovatio vation for for O- O-map maps? - ? - ICC Dresd CC Dresden n 28 28 th August 2013 www.ocad.com
1. Revolution Development of Orienteering Maps. 20 years ago: Digital Cartography with OCAD 4/5/6/7 Base Map: Scanning or Vectorizing Survey Map Photogrammetric plot Surveying: Step counting Compass bearing Visual perception Drawing: Digitalization Boards Computer Mouse Printing: Spot color printing CMYK printing OCAD AG OCAD AG Mühlegasse 36 CH-6340 Baar / Schweiz th August 2013 Vege getatio tation height height map maps, the ne , the next inn xt innovatio vation for for O- O-map maps? - ? - ICC Dresd CC Dresden n 28 28 th August 2013 www.ocad.com
2. Revolution Development of Orienteering Maps. 8 years ago: LiDAR data / DEM / Tablets (OCAD 10/11) Base map: Digital Survey Maps / WMS LiDAR data / Digital Elevations Models Contour lines Relief Shading Slope Map Cliffs GPS ‐ Receiver Tracks Surveying: Laser Range Finder Tablet PC Drawing: Computer Mouse Printing: (Spot color printing) CYMK printing OCAD AG OCAD AG Mühlegasse 36 CH-6340 Baar / Schweiz th August 2013 Vege getatio tation height height map maps, the ne , the next inn xt innovatio vation for for O- O-map maps? - ? - ICC Dresd CC Dresden n 28 28 th August 2013 www.ocad.com
LiDAR Data. RGB Photo GRID Laser Raw Data Hill Shading DSM ‐ DTM Contour Lines OCAD AG OCAD AG Mühlegasse 36 CH-6340 Baar / Schweiz th August 2013 Vege getatio tation height height map maps, the ne , the next inn xt innovatio vation for for O- O-map maps? - ? - ICC Dresd CC Dresden n 28 28 th August 2013 www.ocad.com
Contour Lines. • Problem: jagged contour lines • Solution: 1 st use Douglas ‐ Peucker Algorithm and Illustration: B. Imhof, 2 nd change into Bèzier Curve. U. Steiner OCAD AG OCAD AG Mühlegasse 36 CH-6340 Baar / Schweiz th August 2013 Vege getatio tation height height map maps, the ne , the next inn xt innovatio vation for for O- O-map maps? - ? - ICC Dresd CC Dresden n 28 28 th August 2013 www.ocad.com
Contour Lines. • Individual contour interval. • Problem: Large file of Danish Land several days Survey with 36 km 2 • Solution: Split into tiles of 1km km 2 6 minutes and merge contour lines afterwards! • Problem: Perception of landforms in the terrain is not always identical with the derived contour lines from DEM • Solution: not yet solved Research at ETH Zurich OCAD AG OCAD AG Mühlegasse 36 CH-6340 Baar / Schweiz th August 2013 Vege getatio tation height height map maps, the ne , the next inn xt innovatio vation for for O- O-map maps? - ? - ICC Dresd CC Dresden n 28 28 th August 2013 www.ocad.com
Hill Shading. • Open hill shading as background map and vectorize the land form features, like ‐ Road and track network ‐ Ditches and depressions ‐ Knolls • The quality of the hill shading can differ due to the quality of the resolution. • Experienced user can detect vegetation boundaries as well. Illustration: B. Imhof, OCAD AG OCAD AG U. Steiner Mühlegasse 36 CH-6340 Baar / Schweiz th August 2013 Vege getatio tation height height map maps, the ne , the next inn xt innovatio vation for for O- O-map maps? - ? - ICC Dresd CC Dresden n 28 28 th August 2013 www.ocad.com
Contour Lines vs. Hill Shading Illustration: B. Imhof, U. Steiner OCAD AG OCAD AG Mühlegasse 36 CH-6340 Baar / Schweiz th August 2013 Vege getatio tation height height map maps, the ne , the next inn xt innovatio vation for for O- O-map maps? - ? - ICC Dresd CC Dresden n 28 28 th August 2013 www.ocad.com
Cliffs. Deriving cliffs OCAD AG OCAD AG Mühlegasse 36 CH-6340 Baar / Schweiz th August 2013 Vege getatio tation height height map maps, the ne , the next inn xt innovatio vation for for O- O-map maps? - ? - ICC Dresd CC Dresden n 28 28 th August 2013 www.ocad.com
Orthophotos. • Open georeferenced orthophotos as a background map and vectorize vegetation edges. • Quality can differ a lot, due to the date of the shot. • Restriction due to shadow and stage of vegetation Illustration: B. Imhof, OCAD AG OCAD AG U. Steiner Mühlegasse 36 CH-6340 Baar / Schweiz th August 2013 Vege getatio tation height height map maps, the ne , the next inn xt innovatio vation for for O- O-map maps? - ? - ICC Dresd CC Dresden n 28 28 th August 2013 www.ocad.com
Vegetation Height Maps. Orthophotos vs. Vegetation Heights Maps (DSM minus DTM) Illustration: B. Imhof, OCAD AG OCAD AG U. Steiner Mühlegasse 36 CH-6340 Baar / Schweiz th August 2013 Vege getatio tation height height map maps, the ne , the next inn xt innovatio vation for for O- O-map maps? - ? - ICC Dresd CC Dresden n 28 28 th August 2013 www.ocad.com
Vegetation Height Maps. Orthophotos vs. Vegetation Heights Maps (DSM minus DTM) Illustration: B. Imhof, OCAD AG OCAD AG U. Steiner Mühlegasse 36 CH-6340 Baar / Schweiz th August 2013 Vege getatio tation height height map maps, the ne , the next inn xt innovatio vation for for O- O-map maps? - ? - ICC Dresd CC Dresden n 28 28 th August 2013 www.ocad.com
Vegetation Height Maps. Latest tests for WC 2014 in Switzerland (DEM 0.5 m) OCAD AG OCAD AG Mühlegasse 36 CH-6340 Baar / Schweiz th August 2013 Vege getatio tation height height map maps, the ne , the next inn xt innovatio vation for for O- O-map maps? - ? - ICC Dresd CC Dresden n 28 28 th August 2013 www.ocad.com
Detection of Vegetation Types. Approach (Ch. Hohl and Th. Gloor 2007): ‐ Detect vegetation types according infrared reflection ‐ Use control sample areas in the terrain as reference in satellite picture ‐ Use “hard” and “soft “ classifiers algorithm for identifying and extrapolate sample areas Results: ‐ Canopy of trees disturbed identifications too much! OCAD AG OCAD AG Mühlegasse 36 CH-6340 Baar / Schweiz th August 2013 Vege getatio tation height height map maps, the ne , the next inn xt innovatio vation for for O- O-map maps? - ? - ICC Dresd CC Dresden n 28 28 th August 2013 www.ocad.com
Detection of Vegetation Types. OCAD AG OCAD AG Mühlegasse 36 CH-6340 Baar / Schweiz th August 2013 Vege getatio tation height height map maps, the ne , the next inn xt innovatio vation for for O- O-map maps? - ? - ICC Dresd CC Dresden n 28 28 th August 2013 www.ocad.com
Conclusion. Laser Airborne Scanning has revolutionized orienteering maps very much: • Step counting and compass bearing will disappear • Field checkers can locate themself almost everywhere • Products: Contour lines / Hill shading / Cliffs • Vegetation Height Map ‐ Useful to detect vegetation boundaries Challenge: Detect and classify type of vegetation (runability, undergrowth, etc.) ‐ Fist research with infrared satellite images has been done without success ‐ New approach with LiDAR and infrared pictures. OCAD AG OCAD AG Mühlegasse 36 CH-6340 Baar / Schweiz th August 2013 Vege getatio tation height height map maps, the ne , the next inn xt innovatio vation for for O- O-map maps? - ? - ICC Dresd CC Dresden n 28 28 th August 2013 www.ocad.com
We do what ever it takes to make your We do what ever it takes to make your maps perfect. maps perfect. OCAD AG OCAD AG Mühlegasse 36 CH-6340 Baar / Schweiz th August 2013 Vege getatio tation height height map maps, the ne , the next inn xt innovatio vation for for O- O-map maps? - ? - ICC Dresd CC Dresden n 28 28 th August 2013 www.ocad.com
Cartographic Workflow I. O O - m O - m - a m p a a s p p s s 2 3 1 4 5 Vector (Nat. GPS, Laser Surveying GDB) Range Finder O - m O a O - p m - m s a a p p s s Scanning old Raster-data Orthophotos & maps (WMS-Server) DEM while Yes/ vectorizing: No O - m O a - m p - Contour Lines s a p s Digital - Road & tracks LiDAR- Elevation- - Vegetation flights models - Cliffs (DEM) - Others Open Technical Data Capture Street (DB, Lists) technical data Map Complete OCAD AG OCAD AG Mühlegasse 36 CH-6340 Baar / Schweiz th August 2013 Vege getatio tation height height map maps, the ne , the next inn xt innovatio vation for for O- O-map maps? - ? - ICC Dresd CC Dresden n 28 28 th August 2013 www.ocad.com
Cartographic Workflow II. O O - O - m m - m a a p p a s p s s 8 6 9 7 Editing Mobile Course Vectors Devices Setting GDB, Topological Routing WMS- Adjustments (OSM) Server WEB- Editing Raster Maps O - m a p s Editing Printing DB OCAD AG OCAD AG Mühlegasse 36 CH-6340 Baar / Schweiz th August 2013 Vege getatio tation height height map maps, the ne , the next inn xt innovatio vation for for O- O-map maps? - ? - ICC Dresd CC Dresden n 28 28 th August 2013 www.ocad.com
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