Urban Lake Water Quality Cross research perspectives between Brazil - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

WWW-YES Workshop Belo Horizonte Brazil 26-30 October 2009 Urban Lake Water Quality Cross research perspectives between Brazil and France Brigitte Vinçon-Leite , Briac Le Vu, Bruno Lemaire, Sarah Jung and Bruno Tassin CEREVE - LEESU http://www.leesu.fr 1

WWW-YES Workshop Belo Horizonte Brazil 26-30 October 2009 Outline • Urban lakes • Real-time monitoring system of urban lakes (phytoplankton dynamics) – Lake Enghien • Urban water monitoring with sediment core analysis – Lake Bourget France – Lake Pampulha Brazil • Perspectives and Conclusion 26/10/2009 2

WWW-YES Workshop Belo Horizonte Brazil 26-30 October 2009 Urban lakes Urban activities Storm water Sewers Waste water 26/10/2009 3

WWW-YES Workshop Belo Horizonte Brazil 26-30 October 2009 The Europe context • The EU Water Framework Directive – WFD 2000 – 2015 good ecological status of water bodies – Increase in the need for monitoring receiving water bodies • Urban lakes – Very high social value (recreation, …) 26/10/2009 4

WWW-YES Workshop Belo Horizonte Brazil 26-30 October 2009 WFD Monitoring • Classification of status of water bodies • To support risk assessment procedures • Design of future monitoring programmes • Assessment of long-term changes • Assessment of compliance with standards and objectives • Assessing the efficacy of measures applied to water bodies • Assessing the impact of accidental pollution 26/10/2009 5

WWW-YES Workshop Belo Horizonte Brazil 26-30 October 2009 Monitoring programme • Some events have very short characteristic time scales – Storm events – Algal blooms • Stakeholders need – Data at a relevant time scale – Warning systems for management purposes • Bathing authorisation, Hydraulic control, … – Forecast systems • Modification of the treatment in a drinking water treatment plant • Maintenance of water bodies (aesthetic value, …) 26/10/2009 6

WWW-YES Workshop Belo Horizonte Brazil 26-30 October 2009 The Proliphyc project http://proliphyc.h2o.net http://proliphyc.h2o.net • SOFTWARE • HARDWARE – Indicator development – Real time monitoring – Alert system – Automatic data transmission (GPRS) – Forecast system (2 to 3 weeks) – Technical and economic “Prediction is very difficult, specially constraints about the future” (N. Bohr) • Low cost • Easy implementation (size, weight, small boat) • Easy to use (operation and maintenance) – Major technical bottlenecks : • energy management, • biofouling control in freshwater 26/10/2009 7

WWW-YES Workshop Belo Horizonte Brazil 26-30 October 2009 Hardware • Mooring system – One or several depths – Profiling system combining • Profile acquisition • Antibiofouling treatment 26/10/2009 8

WWW-YES Workshop Belo Horizonte Brazil 26-30 October 2009 HARDWARE • Mooring system – One or several depths Wind speed, • Sensors Direction, air temperature, – Scalable configuration Humidity, – Meteorological sensors solar radiations – Physical chemical sensors Conductivity Temperature • Temperature Pressure • Conductivity Optode • Pressure • Oxygen � optodes Phytoplankton Fluoroprobe BBE – Algal biomass sensors • Total chlorophyll or several classes • Fluorimeter (one or several wavelengths) 26/10/2009 9

WWW-YES Workshop Belo Horizonte Brazil 26-30 October 2009 Overview of the system Hardware Data treatment, indicators and modelling GPRS GPRS data transmission Data validation Early Short and medium warning time scale system forecasting indicators Deterministic models Empirical models Weather forecast or scenarii warning Temperature Phytoplankton 26/10/2009 10

WWW-YES Workshop Belo Horizonte Brazil 26-30 October 2009 Study sites Enghien Max depth 3m 0.5 km 2 P. agardhii Grangent Max depth 45m 3.5 km 2 Microcystis Bourget Max depth 145m 42.5 km 2 P. rubescens 26/10/2009 11

WWW-YES Workshop Belo Horizonte Brazil 26-30 October 2009 Lake Enghien 26/10/2009 12 Planktothrix agardhiii

WWW-YES Workshop Belo Horizonte Brazil 26-30 October 2009 Lake Enghien Rain event 2008-05-27 Conductivity mS.cm -1 Temperature °C 22 Conductivity µS.cm-1 0,69 760 0,67 750 740 0,65 730 720 0,63 20 710 10 mm / 2 hours 0,61 700 690 0,59 680 670 0,57 660 650 18 0,55 2008 ‐ 04 ‐ 30 2008 ‐ 05 ‐ 10 2008 ‐ 05 ‐ 20 2008 ‐ 05 ‐ 30 2008 ‐ 06 ‐ 09 2008 ‐ 06 ‐ 19 2008 ‐ 06 ‐ 29 00:00 04:00 08:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 00:00 04:00 08:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 00:00 Conductivity, Spring 2008 26/10/2009 13

WWW-YES Workshop Belo Horizonte Brazil 26-30 October 2009 Chlorophyll 250 diatoms P.agardhii 200 Chl (µg/l) 150 100 50 0 01/04 01/05 01/06 01/07 26/10/2009 14

WWW-YES Workshop Belo Horizonte Brazil 26-30 October 2009 Lake sediment core analysis • excellent tool to monitor the historical trend of contamination – Improving management strategies – assessing the achievement of pollution control measures 26/10/2009 15

WWW-YES Workshop Belo Horizonte Brazil 26-30 October 2009 Lake sediment core analysis • Methodology Lake Bourget • Lake Pampulha – PhD thesis Sarah Jung (2009) • Lake Cameroon – PhD thesis Marielle Naah (in progress) 26/10/2009 16

WWW-YES Workshop Belo Horizonte Brazil 26-30 October 2009 Sampling: cores description (Jung, 2008) Core Depth Core’s lenght LDB06-L1 44 m 25 cm LDB06-L2 50 m 40 cm LDB06-L3 21 m 50 cm LDB06-L4 35 m 76 cm LDB06-L5 50 m 50 cm LDB06-L6 105 m 80 cm LDB06-G1 44 m 33 cm 26/10/2009 17

WWW-YES Workshop Belo Horizonte Brazil 26-30 October 2009 Cores’ analyses: general methodology Sampling Gravity corer Sub - sampling (cm) ½ core: SEDIMENT CARACTERIZATION ½ core: CHEMICAL ANALYSES Deep - Freeze Grain size Lyophilisation Color analysis analysis (colorimeter) Metals Organic contaminants PAH - PCB Datation Mineralisation Extraction 210 Pb 137 Cs Purification on AAS POC silica column (Jung, 2008) GC/MS 26/10/2009 18

WWW-YES Workshop Belo Horizonte Brazil 26-30 October 2009 Pampulha, Belo Horizonte 30/05/07 : 4 sediment cores BEL4 BEL2 BEL3 BEL1 26/10/2009 19

WWW-YES Workshop Belo Horizonte Brazil 26-30 October 2009 Pampulha ∑ 7PCB (mg.kg -1 ) ∑ PAH (mg.kg -1 ) BEL3 0 1 2 3 0,00 0,04 0,08 0,12 0 0 2007 2007 100 100 2004 2004 200 200 Rainy season 300 300 Dry season depth (mm) Mix 400 400 500 500 1996 1996 600 600 700 700 800 1987 800 1987 (Jung, 2008) 26/10/2009 20 � No clear trend during the last 20 years

WWW-YES Workshop Belo Horizonte Brazil 26-30 October 2009 Conclusion and Perpespectives Integrated management of water quality: receiving water bodies in urban watersheds • Methodology for assessing water and pollutant fluxes in urban watersheds • Methods for assessing water quality in receiving water bodies – ….. – Real-time monitoring of water quality in urban lakes – Urban water monitoring with sediment core analysis – ….. • Methodology for assessing the action results at the city scale 26/10/2009 21

WWW-YES Workshop Belo Horizonte Brazil 26-30 October 2009 Thank you for your attention ! 26/10/2009 22