Update on recent mercury monitoring activities in Japan Kohji - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Workshop on APMMN in Minamata, 22-23 June 2015 Update on recent mercury monitoring activities in Japan Kohji Marumoto National Institute for Minamata Disease (NIMD) Noriyuki Suzuki National Institute for Environmental studies (NIES) Naoki Wada Ministry of the Environment, Japan (MOEJ)

Workshop on APMMN in Minamata, 22-23 June 2015 Monitoring Sites NIMD Akita (New) Others (MOEJ) Kyushu 3 sites Kashiwazaki (NIIT) Fukuoka Hirado Omaezaki Minamata Cape Hedo (MOEJ and NIES)

Workshop on APMMN in Minamata, 22-23 June 2015 Objectives of our activities:  Monitoring current levels of mercury (Hg) in air, airborne particles and precipitation;  To obtain long term trend on wet and dry deposition fluxes of Hg in Japan;  To obtain useful information on the long-range transportation of Hg in Asia-Pacific region;  Development of monitoring methodologies and technologies;  To contribute to international efforts in atmospheric Hg monitoring

Workshop on APMMN in Minamata, 22-23 June 2015 Mercury Minamata Hirado Fukuoka Omaezaki observation sites (Shizuoka) by NIMD December 2013 Start Continuous TGM using NIC GEM, GOM and PBM(<2.5μm) monitoring for Hg monitor atmospheric Hg using TEKRAN Since March 2011 Since March 2012 Manual sampling for 6 or 8 days a 6 or 8 days in GEM, GOM and month each season PBM(<2.5μm) (semi-diurnal) (semi-diurnal) Until Dec., 2013 Until May 2014 Weekly sampling Wet deposition Wet deposition Wet deposition Wet deposition (4 times a month) (T-Hg, MMHg) (T-Hg) (T-Hg) (T-Hg) (Sampling is carried out at every Tuesday PBM (Total) in the PBM (Total) in PBM (Total) in PBM (Total) in since December, air using FP the air using FP the air using FP the air using FP 2013.) method* method* method* method* Since Sep., 2008 Since June 2011 Since June 2013 Since Dec., 2013 Others Meteorological Meteorological Meteorological Meteorological parameters parameters parameters parameters Collaboration with CO other organizations * FP method : Filter Pack method

Workshop on APMMN in Minamata, 22-23 June 2015 Mercury Hedo, Okinawa Akita Kashiwazaki observation sites (MOEJ and (MOEJ) (NIIT) by Others NIES) Continuous GEM, GOM and GEM, GOM and GEM, GOM and PBM(<2.5μm) PBM(<2.5μm) PBM(<2.5μm) monitoring for atmospheric Hg using TEKRAN using TEKRAN using TEKRAN Since October 2007 From Sep, 2014 Since July 2010 Manual sampling for Hg analysis have been GEM, GOM and carried out by NIMD. PBM(<2.5μm) Weekly sampling Wet deposition Wet deposition Wet deposition (T-Hg) (T-Hg) (T-Hg) Since April 2008 From Sep, 2014 PBM (Total) in the air using FP method* From July, 2014 Others Meteorological Meteorological Meteorological parameters parameters parameters Collaboration with other organizations * FP method : Filter Pack method

Workshop on APMMN in Minamata, 22-23 June 2015 Wet Hg deposition fluxes at 5 sites in Japan (1) From May 2014 to April 2015 (preliminary data) Site VWM conc. Annual wet Hg Annual rainfall (ng/L) deposition (mm) ( μg /m2/yr) Minamata 9.1 18.31 2014 Hirado 6.8 14.45 2139 Fukuoka 7.8 12.13 1550 Omaezaki 6.7 12.48 1873 Kashiwazaki * 6.6 18.74 2832 * From July 2014 to April 2015 (10 months)

Wet Hg deposition fluxes at 5 sites in Japan (2) 3000 3000 3000 Weekly wet Hg deposition Weekly wet Hg deposition Weekly wet Hg deposition 2500 2500 2500 flux (ng/m2/week) flux (ng/m2/week) flux (ng/m2/week) y = 4.9064x + 84.217 2000 2000 2000 y = 4.7641x + 110.53 R² = 0.7133 1500 1500 1500 R² = 0.5921 y = 7.7888x + 51.45 1000 1000 1000 R² = 0.7605 500 500 500 Fukuoka Minamata Hirado 0 0 0 0 100 200 300 400 0 100 200 300 400 0 100 200 300 400 Weekly precipitation depth (mm) Weekly precipitation depth (mm) Weekly precipitation depth (mm) 3000 3000 Weekly wet Hg deposition Weekly wet Hg deposition y = 5.956x + 44.616 R² = 0.7465 2500 2500 flux (ng/m2/week) flux (ng/m2/week) y = 3.4569x + 125.18 2000 2000 R² = 0.4508 1500 1500 1000 1000 500 500 Kashiwazaki Omaezaki 0 0 0 100 200 300 400 0 100 200 300 400 Weekly precipitation depth (mm) Weekly precipitation depth (mm)

Workshop on APMMN in Minamata, 22-23 June 2015 Annual trend of Wet Hg deposition fluxes at Minamata 8000 40 Wet Hg flux (ng/m2) Deposition Concentration 6000 30 4000 20 2000 10 0 0 Jun-08 Jun-08 Sep-08 Sep-08 Dec-08 Dec-08 Mar-09 Mar-09 Jun-09 Jun-09 Sep-09 Sep-09 Dec-09 Dec-09 Mar-10 Mar-10 Jun-10 Jun-10 Sep-10 Sep-10 Dec-10 Dec-10 Mar-11 Mar-11 Jun-11 Jun-11 Sep-11 Sep-11 Dec-11 Dec-11 Mar-12 Mar-12 Jun-12 Jun-12 Sep-12 Sep-12 Dec-12 Dec-12 Mar-13 Mar-13 Jun-13 Jun-13 Sep-13 Sep-13 Dec-13 Dec-13 Mar-14 Mar-14 Jun-14 Jun-14 Sep-14 Sep-14 Dec-14 Dec-14 Mar-15 Mar-15 Observational duration VWM concentration Annual Precipitation (ng/ L) (m m ) September 2008 – August 2009 1755.0 6.1 September 2009 – August 2010 2306.8 5.9 June 2011 – May 2012 2663.1 6.1 June 2012 – May 2013 2205.3 7.0 June 2013 – May 2014 1810.7 7.6 June 2014 – April 2015 1832.4 9.4 (11 months)

Workshop on APMMN in Minamata, 22-23 June 2015 Seasonal variation of VWM Hg concentration at Minamata and Hirado Cold season Warm season Cold season Warm season 12.0 VWM Hg concentration (ng/L) 12.0 VWM Hg concentration (ng/L) Minamata Hirado 10.0 10.0 8.0 8.0 6.0 6.0 4.0 4.0 2.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 Sep. Sep. Jun. Jun. Jun. Jun. Sep. Sep. Jun. Jun. Jun. Jun. 2008 - 2009 - 2011 - 2012 - 2013 - 2014 - 2008 - 2009 - 2011 - 2012 - 2013 - 2014 - Aug. Aug. May, May, May, May, Aug. Aug. May, May, May, May, 2009 2010 2012 2013 2014 2015 2009 2010 2012 2013 2014 2015

The volcanos in Kyushu islands are active in these days ! Mt. Sakurajima (2011/7/10) Mt. Aso (2015/1/20) Hirado Mt. Aso Minam ata (Year/Month) Mt. Shinmoe The monthly integrated number of the eruption from Mt. Sakurajima (gray) Mt. Sakurajima Kuchinoerabu Island Suwanose Island

Workshop on APMMN in Minamata, 22-23 June 2015 Summary of today’s talk :  The latest data on annual volume-weighted mean Hg concentrations in the wet depositions at five sites in Japan were presented. The VWM concentrations were around 7 ng/L except for Minamata.  The annual VWM concentrations at Minamata increased in recent years. In addition, the significant increase was observed during the warm season (From June to October) in 2013 and 2014 and the cold season from December 2014 to April 2015.  Minamata is located near the volcanos which is more active in these days. Thus, one possible explanation of the increase of VWM Hg concentrations was volcanic activities in the southern Kyushu islands.

Co Cold ld A Air ir Vertical distribution of troposphere Rainy front Subtropical westerlies Free troposphere Atmospheric boundary layer (Mixing layer) 1-2km Pacif ific ic h high Wet airmass from southwest Surface boundary layer