Developing the Baltic Sea underwater noise indicators (MSFD D.11, Ind. 11.1.1 and 11.1.2) Jukka Pajala HELCOM MONAS meeting, Oslo 9 April 2014
CONTENTS 5. HELCOM 4. BIAS 3. OSPAR 2. TSG NOISE 1. MSFD
Underwater sound Sound is a dominant feature of the underwater marine environment as a result of natural (biological sources, underwater earthquakes, wind) and human-made (anthropogenic) sound sources. Human activities introduce sound into the environment either incidentally (by ‐ product of their activities e.g., shipping, construction) or intentionally for a particular purpose (e.g., air guns to locate oil deposits or active sonar to detect objects).
Underwater sound Sound pressure level given in desibels re 1 µPa . p rms 20 log 10 p 0 Sound pressure level = source level – losses
Marinetraffic.com SHIPPING IN THE BALTIC SEA April 8 th 2014 13:35
Cover Photo: Solvin Zankl, Fjord&Bælt Photo: Solvin Zankl, Fjord&Bælt
Question: Do we have a noise problem under the sea surface?
Fast thinking: YES – NO!
Slow thinking: We don’t know. We have to find out that there is not.
MSFD to achieve or maintain Good Environmental Status (GES) of the EU's marine waters by 2020 the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union adopted the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD, 2008/56/EC). • Management of all human activities which have the potential for impact on the marine environment • Regional approach to implementation
MSFD… Marine strategies include an Initial Assessment, a description of GES for the eleven descriptors, and establishment of environmental targets and associated indicators, and needed to be defined by 2012. Member states should establish monitoring programs by 2014. Programs of measures need to be defined by 2015 Programs of measures need to implemented by 2016. …achieve or maintain GES by 2020.
MSFD… Underwater noise is a possible form of pollution (Article 3). Descriptor 11: Introduction of energy, including underwater noise, is at levels that do not adversely affect the marine environment.
EC TSG Noise Establishment of the Technical Subgroup (TSG) for further development of Descriptor 11 (the Commission Decision, the Marine Directors, 2010) To clarify the purpose, use and limitation of the indicators and described methodology that would be unambiguous, effective and practicable. The first report was delivered in February 2012. The Monitoring Guidance for Underwater Noise (three reports) was delivered in November 2013.
TG Underwater Noise, 2014 - 1. Develop criteria to select additional indicators for noise and other forms of energy: High-frequency impulsive sounds Electromagnetic fields 2. Study on impacts of noise and use of propagation models to predict the recipient side of noise.
Membership TG Noise 2014 Name Email On behalf of Mark Tasker (chair) mark.tasker@jncc.gov.uk UK René Dekeling (chair) rene.dekeling@minienm.nl NL Sandra van der Graaf sandra.van.der.graaf@rws.nl NL (secretary) Michel André michel.andre@upc.edu ES Thomas Folegot thomas.folegot@quiet-oceans.com FR or Quiet Oceans Stefanie Werner stefanie.werner@uba.de DE Alexander Liebschner alexander.liebschner@bfn-vilm.de DE Maria Boethling maria.boethling@bsh.de DE John Dalen john.dalen@imr.no NO John Young young.john.v@gmail.com OGP Michael Ainslie michael.ainslie@tno.nl NL Russell Leaper r.c.leaper@abdn.ac.uk IFAW Karsten Brensing karsten.brensing@wdcs.org WDCS Jukka Pajala jukka.pajala@ymparisto.fi FI Mathias Andersson mathias.andersson@zoologi.su.se SE Peter Sigray peters@foi.se / peters@misu.su.se SE Mary Meacle mary.meacle@environ.ie IE Frank Thomsen frth@dhigroup.com DHI Stephen Robinson stephen.robinson@npl.co.uk UK Albert Willemsen awbbv@vodafone.nl ICOMIA Fabrizio Borsani fabrizio.borsani@cefas.co.uk UK Manuel Castellote manuel.castellote@noaa.gov NOAA Gerry Sutton gerry.sutton@ucc.ie IE Dietrich Wittekind wittekind@dw-sc.de DE Predrag Vukadin predrag.vukadin@hrbi.hr HR Monika Peterlin monika.peterlin@izvrs.si SI Donal Cronin donal.cronin@environ.ie IE Paula Redman paula.redman@jncc.gov.uk UK Joachim D'Eugenio & joachim.d'eugenio@ec.europa.eu & EC Aurore Maillet aurore.maillet@ec.europa.eu Isabelle Terrier isabelle.terrier@developpement- FR durable.gouv.fr
The typical sound levels of ocean background noises at different frequencies, as measured by Wenz (1962) (Note that corresponding levels in coastal/continental shelf waters might be higher).
Indicators for Descriptor 11 Indicator 11.1.1 on low and mid frequency impulsive sounds: The proportion of days and their distribution within a calendar year, over geographical locations whose shape and area are to be determined, and their spatial distribution in which source level or suitable proxy of anthropogenic sound sources, measured over the frequency band 10 Hz to 10 kHz, exceeds a value that is likely to entail significant impact on marine animals.
Indicators for Descriptor 11 Indicator 11.2.1: Trends in the annual average of the squared sound pressure associated with ambient noise in each of two third octave bands, one centred at 63 Hz and the other at 125 Hz, expressed as a level in decibels, in units of dB re 1 μPa , either measured directly at observation stations, or inferred from a model used to interpolate between or extrapolate from measurements at observation stations.
Hearing threshold for cod (ICES)
Registry of impulsive sounds in the Baltic Sea Do you have a national registry of underwater anthropogenic sounds? Do you find it necessary to have an international registry common for the Baltic Sea countries? What would be the most feasible way to coordinate such an international registry?
Registry of impulsive sounds in the Baltic Sea Impulsive noise time To be collected: • Position data (geographic position (lat/long), • Licensing block/area), • Date of operation, • Source properties
The BIAS soundscape planning tool How would you value the capacity of a soundscape planning tool to import supplementary data from external sources, on environmental information, ecological values, etc. How would you value the capacity of a planning tool to perform simplified sound propagation calculations of impulsive sound sources induced by human activities (would requires your input of location, duration, noise specifications etc.) How would you value if the soundscape planning tool and a common registry for impulsive noise were complementary to each other, in the aspect that it is feasible to move information between the two and they use compatible data formats etc. are used .
Research projects on the biological effects of anthropogenic sounds in the Baltic Are you currently aware of, or involved in any recent studies within this context? Are you involved in any future studies within this context? Can you identify gaps and define research needs to address the impacts of underwater noise on marine biota?
Road map of the D11 BS indicators HELCOM, 2016 BIAS, 2015 TSG Noise, 2013 MSFD, 2008
Road map of the D11 BS indicators Ind. 11.1.1 MSFD TSG BIAS HELCOM pre- HELCOM core core Frequency band Treshold value Place Time Ind. 11.1.2 Trend/value Freq bands Averaging method Modeled/mea sured
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