Understanding PFAS: For Healthy Drinking Water and Fire Safety - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Understanding PFAS: For Healthy Drinking Water and Fire Safety Arlene Blum, PhD and Tom Bruton, PhD Green Science Policy Institute 11/30/18 More info: www.GreenSciencePolicy.org

Class 1: Highly Fluorinated Chemicals PFOA or C8 (C8) Carbon-Fluorine bond strength: • Leads to oil and water repellency • “Forever chemicals” -- last for geologic time! 2 Courtesy: Dr. Jennifer Field

Common Uses 3 GREEN SCIENCE POLICY INSTITUTE www.GreenSciencePolicy.org

Pathways to the Environment 4 From California DTSC: Product-Chemical Profile for PFAS in Carpets and Rugs

PFASs exposure is a health concern Detectable serum PFASs Non-detect Exposure linked to health risks: Cancer, elevated cholesterol, obesity, immune suppression, and endocrine disruption ( Ref: Lewis et al., 2015; Grandjean et al., 2012; Courtesy, Cindy Hu, Harvard University Braun et al., 2016; Barry et al., 2013) 5

EPA Lifetime Health Advisory Level of 70 ng/L PFOA + PFOS Hu et al., Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. 2016 6 GREEN SCIENCE POLICY INSTITUTE www.GreenSciencePolicy.org

Drinking Water Health Guidelines DuPont PFOA: 5000 DuPont U.S. EPA PFOA: 1000 PFOA: 400 U.S. EPA PFOS: 200 New ATSDR* PFOA & Jersey PFOA: 11 PFOS: 70 PFOA: 14 PFOS: 7 7 * Estimated from Minimum Risk Levels

Water Treatment Costs: North Carolina Brunswick County: reverse osmosis filtration for 25,000 customers: Chemours - $99M to build - $2.9M to operate Cape Fear Public Utility Authority activated carbon filtration plant: - $46M to build - $2.7M to operate each year Wilmington Star News, May 9 th and 10 th , 2018 8

Updates 9

FAA Reauthorization: Congress tells FAA to allow fluorine-free foams • Includes measure that directing FAA to allow airports to use PFAS-free Class B firefighting foams (within 3 years) • Senate passed 93-6, Oct. 3 • President signed, Oct. 5 • Response from FAA? 10 GREEN SCIENCE POLICY INSTITUTE www.GreenSciencePolicy.org

Senate HS&GA Subcommittee Field Hearing,11/13/18 “Local, State and Federal Response to PFAS Contamination in MI” Witnesses: • Patrick Bryesse, ATSDR • Robert Delaney, MDEQ • Carol Isaacs, MPART • Adam London, Kent County • Richard Rediske, GVSU • Sandy Wynn-Stelt https://www.hsgac.senate.gov/subcommittees/fs • Drew YoungDyke, NWF o/hearings/the-local-state-and-federal-response- to-the-pfas-crisis-in-michigan 11 GREEN SCIENCE POLICY INSTITUTE www.GreenSciencePolicy.org

Senate HS&GA Subcommittee Field Hearing,11/13/18 “Local, State and Federal Response to PFAS Contamination in MI” Witnesses: • Patrick Bryesse, ATSDR • Upcoming national multi- site health study • Robert Delaney, MDEQ • Carol Isaacs, MPART • Adam London, Kent County • Richard Rediske, GVSU • Sandy Wynn-Stelt • Drew YoungDyke, NWF 12 GREEN SCIENCE POLICY INSTITUTE www.GreenSciencePolicy.org

Senate HS&GA Subcommittee Field Hearing,11/13/18 “Local, State and Federal Response to PFAS Contamination in MI” Witnesses: • Patrick Bryesse, ATSDR • National standards and increased federal • Robert Delaney, MDEQ coordination, e.g. btwn EPA • Carol Isaacs, MPART & ATSDR, FAA & DoD • Adam London, Kent County • Richard Rediske, GVSU • Sandy Wynn-Stelt • Drew YoungDyke, NWF 13 GREEN SCIENCE POLICY INSTITUTE www.GreenSciencePolicy.org

Senate HS&GA Subcommittee Field Hearing,11/13/18 “Local, State and Federal Response to PFAS Contamination in MI” Witnesses: • Patrick Bryesse, ATSDR • “From the water we can’t drink to the fish we can’t • Robert Delaney, MDEQ keep and the game we can’t • Carol Isaacs, MPART eat, PFAS must be • Adam London, Kent County addressed thoroughly and quickly for Michigan • Richard Rediske, GVSU families.” • Sandy Wynn-Stelt • Drew YoungDyke, NWF 14 GREEN SCIENCE POLICY INSTITUTE www.GreenSciencePolicy.org

Senate HS&GA Subcommittee Field Hearing,11/13/18 “Local, State and Federal Response to PFAS Contamination in MI” Witnesses: • Patrick Bryesse, ATSDR • “There needs to be overall testing and monitoring of • Robert Delaney, MDEQ our drinking water sources, • Carol Isaacs, MPART both private wells and public • Adam London, Kent County water systems. We applaud MPART and the state of • Richard Rediske, GVSU Michigan for starting this • Sandy Wynn-Stelt process, but this needs to occur nationally as well.” • Drew YoungDyke, NWF 15 GREEN SCIENCE POLICY INSTITUTE www.GreenSciencePolicy.org

Senate HS&GA Subcommittee Field Hearing,11/13/18 “Local, State and Federal Response to PFAS Contamination in MI” Witnesses: • Patrick Bryesse, ATSDR • “We need to know exactly what health impacts • Robert Delaney, MDEQ chemicals are causing in the • Carol Isaacs, MPART nation.” • Adam London, Kent County • Richard Rediske, GVSU • Sandy Wynn-Stelt • Drew YoungDyke, NWF 16 GREEN SCIENCE POLICY INSTITUTE www.GreenSciencePolicy.org

EPA Releases Draft Toxicity Assessments of Short-chain PFAS - Replacement for PFOA GenX - Used to make non-stick coatings - Replacement for PFOS PFBS - Found in consumer products “Overall, the available oral toxicity studies show that the liver is sensitive to GenX chemicals, and the kidney and thyroid are sensitive to PFBS.” 17

EPA Releases Draft Toxicity Assessments of Short-chain PFAS GenX PFBS - Chronic reference dose (RfD): “an estimate of the amount of a chemical a person can ingest daily over a lifetime…that is unlikely to lead to adverse health effects.” 18

Norway proposing regulation of PFBS • "PFBS is…amongst the most stable and persistent organic molecules possible. No studies have observed PFBS degradation of PFBS … under environmental conditions…." • Not PBT, but PMT • Norway proposing PFBS be declared a Substance of Very High Concern under REACH http://www.xn--miljdirektoratet-oxb.no/Documents/publikasjoner/M1122/M1122.pdf https://www.echa.europa.eu/en/web/guest/registry-of-svhc-intentions/- /dislist/details/0b0236e182bbccf8 20 GREEN SCIENCE POLICY INSTITUTE www.GreenSciencePolicy.org

• New lobbying group – Responsible Science Policy Coalition • Casting doubt on science • Donations to state attorneys general https://www.politico.com/story/2018/11/23/political-chemicals-cleanup-3m-1012445 21 GREEN SCIENCE POLICY INSTITUTE www.GreenSciencePolicy.org

EPA Local Government Advisory Committee PFAS Report – 11/19/18 • LGAC – Provides recommendations to assist EPA in ensuring that its regulations, policies, guidance and technical assistance improve the capacity of local governments Highlights: • Need for increased monitoring • risk-based approach to identify drinking water supply systems and/or ground water private wells that should be monitored.” • publish a map of current monitoring and potential sources of PFAS contamination and make available on EPA’s website. • further testing under Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR) 22 GREEN SCIENCE POLICY INSTITUTE www.GreenSciencePolicy.org

EPA Local Government Advisory Committee PFAS Report – 11/19/18 Highlights (continued): • Need for guidance: • “There is an urgent need to get MCL for PFAS, testing guidance and costs, risk and health threats based on current science.” 23 GREEN SCIENCE POLICY INSTITUTE www.GreenSciencePolicy.org

Problems with FDA approval process for PFAS in food contact materials • Companies seeking FDA approval for food additives (including food contact substances) must provide all relevant chemistry, toxicology, and environmental data • Review of FOIA records for one C6 PFAS: • Failure to report all toxicity data (even studies that were otherwise publicly available) • Failure to consider cumulative effects • Failure to mention biopersistent breakdown products • Need for increased transparency http://blogs.edf.org/health/2018/11/04/fda-approved-pfas-breakdown-assessing-food-additive- safety/? 24 GREEN SCIENCE POLICY INSTITUTE www.GreenSciencePolicy.org

PFAS are Problematic & Difficult to Clean Up Prevention is Preferable! 25

Summary of Recommendations 1. Reduce the use of PFAS-containing fire-fighting foams where possible 2. Further monitoring of PFAS in drinking water. 3. Declare PFOA, PFOS, and others hazardous substances 26

Recommendation 1 Reduce the use of PFAS-containing fire-fighting foams where possible. • Users • Airports • Military • Local fire departments • Refineries, chemical plants • Fuel storage facilities • WA state bill • Prohibits training with PFAS-containing foam • Restricts manufacture and sale 27 GREEN SCIENCE POLICY INSTITUTE www.GreenSciencePolicy.org

Fluorine-Free Foams https://ipen.org/documents/fluorine-free-firefighting-foams 28 GREEN SCIENCE POLICY INSTITUTE www.GreenSciencePolicy.org

Recommendation 2 Further monitoring of PFAS in drinking water • Contaminated water systems identified by UCMR3: 2 • Contaminated sites identified by MDEQ: 31 29 GREEN SCIENCE POLICY INSTITUTE www.GreenSciencePolicy.org

PFAS are numerous 4730 PFAS in commerce (OECD, 2018) 240 PFAS in fire-fighting foam and contaminated ground water 14 PFAS measured by EPA Method 537 6 PFAS included in UCMR3 2 PFAS with federal Health Advisories 30