! !!!!!UCI!projet!! ! ! The!Urban!Cool!Islands!project,!a!case!study!crossing! research!and!prac9ce! ! !IFU,!4 th !of!July!2014! Biao!WANG!F!Frédéric!BONNEAUD!F!Marion!BONHOMME!–!Luc!ADOLPHE ! I" Context!–!the!urban!heat!island!in!theory! CITIES :! CLIMATE ! CHANGE ! AGENTS ! ! Concentra9on!of!human!ac9vi9es:!housing,!trade,!industry! transport!that!require!a!great!deal!of!energy.! ! High!GHGs!emissions! CITIES :! CLIMATE ! CHANGE ! VICTIMS ! ! Concentra9on!of!popula9on,! ! High!interdependance!of!buildings,!infrastructures,!networks!! and!services.!! ! Specific!climate!impacts.!
I" Context!–!the!urban!heat!island!in!theory! “Ci$es'present'an' ARCHITECTURE ,! PLANNING ! AND ! CC .! appropriate'scale”.' Mi(ga(on" Adapta(on" Reduce ! GHGs ! Reduce!the! and!enhance! vulnerability! sinks! against!actual!or! expected!climate! change!effects.! I" Context!–!the!urban!heat!island!in!theory! A RCHITECTURE ! AND ! PLANNING :!4! MEANS ! OF ! ACTION ! to'implement'mi$ga$on'and'adapta$on'measures'' Vegeta9on!/! Heat!release! Urban!form! Materials! Water!
I" Context!–!the!urban!heat!island!in!prac9ce! UHI! IS ! POORLY ! KNOWN ! BY ! URBAN ! PLANNERS !! 3!mains!reasons!:! ! Urban!microclimate!is!a!rather!new!and!complex!discipline! 1. Microclimate!modelling!tools,!typically!designed!by!research! 2. scien9sts,!are!not!suited!to!the!urban!planner’s!needs.!! Urban!planner’s!experience!and!insight!are!rarely!acknowledged.! 3. ! ! However,!it!is!asked!to!urban!planners!to!act!in!emergency! ! II" Research’s!context! TOULOUSE! CITY ! METROPOLITAN ! AREA ! Paris Case study: Montaudran Toulouse neighbourhood ! The!fourth!French!city!by!number!of!inhabitants ! ! A!low!density!city!(1!218!166!inhabitants!and!5!000!km 2 ) ! ! Temperate!climate!:! ! Average!annual!minimum!temperature!=!9,1°C! ! Average!annual!maximum!temperature!=!18,5°C!
II" Research’s!context! M ONTAUDRAN ! NEIGHBOURHOOD ! II" Objec9ves! OBJECTIVES ! School!of!Architecture,!CUHK,!2011.! Hello!Pro.fr! Portland!Green!Streets! Dubois!C.,!2011.! tour!map,!2007.! ! Development!of!knowledge!suited!for!urban!planners!and! architects!in!early!design!stages.! ! Focus!on!the!mi9ga9on!of!UHI!during!summer.! ! Design!guidelines!communica9on.! ! Performance!assessment!of!the!measures!implemented. ! !
III" Method! A! TWOFOLD ! APPROACH ! Evalua9on!of!urban!planners!needs!and!constraints ! 1. Modelling!of!the!site!microclimate!and!iden9fica9on!of!levers!on! 2. urban!cooling! " !Iden9fica9on!of!core!variables!both!usable!by!urban!planners!and! scien9fically!relevant! !UHI! MODELLING ! U RBAN ! PLANNERS ! NEEDS ! CITY " I DENTIFICATION " OF " LOCAL " P LANNING " CONSTRAINTS ,"L OCAL " LEVERS " ON "UHI" POLICIES ,"P OLITICAL " CHOICES ,"…" C ORE " VARIABLES " III" Method! C ORE !V ARIABLES ! In!order!to!communicate!with!urban!planners!in!future!project,! we!developed!!a!cart!index!summarising!core!variables!and! explaining!their!effect!on!urban!microclimate.! ! 14!cards!:! Materials" Vegeta(on"/"Water" Wall!cover! Ground!cover! F F Roof!cover! Building!vegeta9on! F F Ground!cover! Irriga9on!of!vegeta9on! F F Thermal!insula9on!/!iner9a! Water! F F ! ! Urban"form"" Heat"release" BuiltFup!density! Energy!behaviours!of!inhabitants! F F Prospect! Technology!for!cooling! F F Plot!area!ra9o! Solar!panels! F F
III" Method! C ORE !V ARIABLES !–!E XAMPLE ! OF ! A ! CARD ! INDEX ! Title! Defini9on! Mi9ga9on! effect! Typical! range!of! Interac9on! values! with!other! variables!or! environF mental! issues! Literature! ! IV" Conclusion! CONCLUSION ! ! Climate"change" is!happening,! ! City"scale" allows!the! implementa9on!of!both! mi(ga(on !and! adapta(on ! measures,! ! But!the!design!guidelines!must! be! understandable"and" usable" by!urban!planners!in! order!to!be!implemented!in! actual!projects.!
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