Streaming Readout III - EIC - Streaming Readout Consortium Freeman Center at Christoper Newport University 4/12/2018 TRIggerles Data acquiSition (TRIDAS) for the KM3NeT experiment Tommaso Chiarusi —— Sezione di Bologna 1
. Talk structure. Talk’s core business: the trigger-less data acquisition for underwater neutrino telescopes A prospection: porting the nu-tel DAQ to beam-dump experiments Tommaso Chiarusi — Sezione Bologna / 28 EIC - Streaming Readout III 2018 - 4/12/2018 2
. The Phyiscs case of neutrino telescopes . Tommaso Chiarusi — Sezione Bologna / 28 EIC - Streaming Readout III 2018 - 4/12/2018 3 3 3
. Detection technique with a neutrino telescope . 𝜉 x M. Markov : Optical Module with PMTs 𝜈 Cherenkov front-cone “We propose to install detectors deep in a lake or in the sea and to determine the direction of the charged particles Cascades with the help of Cherenkov radiation” 1960, Rochester Conference 𝜉 𝜈 Partial Golden channel “Double bang” Best channel energy for Astronomy resolved @ for Energy information (good angular E>1PeV estimation res.) ( 𝛖 range >50 m) rare events Tommaso Chiarusi — Sezione Bologna / 28 EIC - Streaming Readout III 2018 - 4/12/2018 4
. Underwater/ice Neutrino Telescopes on Earth . https://icecube.wisc.edu Tommaso Chiarusi — Sezione Bologna / 28 EIC - Streaming Readout III 2018 - 4/12/2018 5
⎫ ｜ ⎬ ｜ ｜ ⎭ ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ ｜ . Neutrino Telescope Constraints . Very small neutrino cross-sections 0.36 ( GeV ) E - O(km 3 ) volume size detector for E ν > 1 TeV σ ν N ∼ 7.8 × 10 − 36 [ cm 2 ] - many detector elements - many years uptime Very small expected fluxes W.B. bound: − 2 ( GeV ) dN ν E [ GeV − 1 cm − 2 sr − 1 s − 1 ] dE ∼ 9 × 10 − 9 -Time resolution of O(1ns) Astrophysical source searches - Positioning resolution O(10 cm) with angular resolution < 1 deg over a km 3 scale No bunch-crossing time info - Simple detector off-shore Abyssal sites - On-line Trigger on-shore Undersea only: 40 K and bioluminescence - Continuous data taking e.g.: > 50 kHz @ 10” PMT (0.3 p.e. threshold) Signal (atm. μ ) to noise ratio <10 -4 - All data to shore - high throughput handling - fast and effective background rejection Tommaso Chiarusi — Sezione Bologna / 28 EIC - Streaming Readout III 2018 - 4/12/2018 6
. Slide Title . . ANTARES - the first underwater nu-tel since 2006 . • Running since 2007 • 885 10” PMTs • 12 lines • 25 storeys/line ANTARES • 3 PMTs / storey • 0.05 km 3 instr. vol. 40 km to shore 450 m Junction Box Interlink cables Tommaso Chiarusi — Sezione Bologna / 28 EIC - Streaming Readout III 2018 - 4/12/2018 7
. KM3NeT- ARCA (~ 100 km from Sicily, Italy) . STRINGS TOWERS 6 PMT -OM/Floor 558 PMTs/string 31 PMTs/DOM Tot: 672 PMTs 14 Floors / Tower 64170 PMTs/b.b. 18 DOMs/string 8 Towers 2 x 115 strings 8 m tower length: ~450 m string length: ~700 m 36m Portopalo di C.P . KM3NeT-IT 20 m ~100 km 3500 m u.s.l. Study of astrophyisical neutrinos 2 building block in the Italian site vertical spacing: ~35 m horizontal spacing: ~90 m 1 Building Block ARCA Tommaso Chiarusi — Sezione Bologna / 28 EIC - Streaming Readout III 2018 - 4/12/2018 8
. KM3NeT Tower Electronics . The OM: 10” Hamamatsu R7081, Front End Module, Time Calibration, LED Spartan 6 FPGA beacons Floor%Control% Power%Supply% Module% System% 375%V% OM##0# OM##1# OM##2# OM##3# OM##4# OM##5# Power%Connectors% RS232%Port% RS232%Port% Spare%RS232%Port% 2%x%Digital%AES3% 1.2%V,%3.3%V,%5%V,%12%V% Ext%Instrument% Compass%(+3.3V)% (Isolated,%+12V)% Hydrophone% (V%&%I%Measurement)% (Isolated,%+12V)% KM3NeT?IT$ Floor$ GPS$ FCM$ Distribu/on$ GPS$Time$ FCM-Server DWDM$ DWDM$ TriDAS MUX$ MUX$ ~100km$ Onshore computing resources Undersea equipment Tommaso Chiarusi — Sezione Bologna / 28 EIC - Streaming Readout III 2018 - 4/12/2018 9 9
. The KM3NeT String Digital Optical Module (DOM) . • 31x3” PMTs (Hamamatsu R12199-02) in 17” glass sphere • Front-end electronics, digitisation, optical signal � glass fibre • Single penetrator Advantages: • Increased photocathode area • 1-vs-2 photo-electron separation � better detection of coincidences • Directionality • Cost / photocathode area • Minimal number of penetrations � reduced risk Each DOM implements a dedicated FPGA firmware for DAQ with an embedded software for slow-control. Communication is set via 1Gbps ethernet connection to shore. DOMs are the submarine nodes of the full DAQ LAN (>10 GbE on-shore). Time synchronisation (better than 1 ns) is achieved exploiting the White Rabbit (CERN) technology. Tommaso Chiarusi — Sezione Bologna / 28 EIC - Streaming Readout III 2018 - 4/12/2018 10
. The DOM Central Logic Board . Tommaso Chiarusi — Sezione Bologna / 28 EIC - Streaming Readout III 2018 - 4/12/2018 11
. KM3NeT- ORCA (~50 km from Toulon, France) . STRINGS 558 PMTs/string 31 PMTs/DOM 64170 PMTs/b.b. 18 DOMs/string 2 x 115 strings 36m Portopalo di C.P . ~50 km string length: ~700 m KM3NeT-FR 2500 u.s.l. Study of neutrino mass hierarchy 1 building block in the French site vertical spacing: ~6 m horizontal spacing: ~20 m 1 Building Block ORCA Tommaso Chiarusi — Sezione Bologna / 28 EIC - Streaming Readout III 2018 - 4/12/2018 12
. “All data to shore” throughputs from Mediterranean telescopes . The PMT hit as the basilar info seed KM3NeT -Towers ANTARES / KM3NeT -Strings Hit PMT-ID Info Hit PMT-ID Info 6 Bytes/hit 46 Bytes/hit Hit Abs Time Hit Timing Hit Charge Hit Charge proxy (ToT) Hit Wave Form(samples) Single rate/PMT: > 50 kHz (0.3 p.e. thd) Single rate/PMT: > 6 kHz (0.3 p.e. thd) Optical throughputs Acoustic throughputs Detector N. PMTs, ø (Gbps) (Gbps) ANTARES 885 , 10” 4 (max 15) < 2 KM3NeT - ARCA ~140 k, 3” 50 (max 100) ~30 KM3NeT - ORCA ~64 k, 3” 22 (max 50) ~15 KM3NeT - Towers 672, 10” 12 (max 37) ~3 Tommaso Chiarusi — Sezione Bologna / 28 EIC - Streaming Readout III 2018 - 4/12/2018 13
. The “all data to shore” DAQ model . ... off-shore acquisition Front Ends Front Ends Front Ends The DAQ model is applied to both strings and towers, with due differences. Time Stamping Time Stamping Time Stamping Acquisition Control Unit Acquisition Control Unit Acquisition Control Unit For historical reasons, the readout electronics First Aggregation stage First Aggregation stage First Aggregation stage First Aggregation stage First Aggregation stage First Aggregation stage and the DAQ systems of strings and towers aggregation are different. Global Network and routing ... a) Both systems exploit fixed latency electronics Data Router Data Router Data Router for clock distribution but with due differences. ... filtering b) The recorded type and number of Data Filter Data Filter Data Filter Data Filter Data Filter information per PMT hit are different. c)The implementation of the computing Online Data resources on shore present some differences. Control Message Writer storage & control Clock server Monitoring Phyisc Data Data Base Storage high throughput connection data fl ow switch fabric low throughput connection message fl ow Tommaso Chiarusi — Sezione Bologna / 28 EIC - Streaming Readout III 2018 - 4/12/2018 14
. KM3NeT Towers use-case: Trigger and Data Acquisition System . TriDAS core written in C++ 11 Auxiliary technologies Tommaso Chiarusi — Sezione Bologna / 28 EIC - Streaming Readout III 2018 - 4/12/2018 15
. TriDAS Control (TSC) . TriDAS Hierarchical State Machine TSC Block Scheme Tommaso Chiarusi — Sezione Bologna / 28 EIC - Streaming Readout III 2018 - 4/12/2018 16
. The Time Slice concept . Online trigger applied to optical data contained in a full detector snapshot Δ T Notation: 200 ms TS: Time Slice event Δ T STS: Sector Time Slice TTS: Total Time Slice ~ O(1 µs) µ HM 0 TCPU i with TS i HM 1 HM 2 HM 3 TCPU i+ 1 with TS i+1 HM 4 HM : receive subsequent data from a TCPU : collect data from the full detector fraction of the detector for a slice of time (i.e. the Time Slice ) (the so called “sector”) time TS i TS i+1 Tommaso Chiarusi — Sezione Bologna / 28 EIC - Streaming Readout III 2018 - 4/12/2018 17
. The Hit Manager (HM) and TriDAS SuperVisor (TSV) . HM Notation: TS: Time Slice STS: Sector Time Slice Tommaso Chiarusi — Sezione Bologna / 28 EIC - Streaming Readout III 2018 - 4/12/2018 18
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