Transforming Transit in California November 19, 2015 California Transit Association 50 th Annual Fall Conference and Exposition Pasadena, California Tony Brasil, Chief Heavy Duty Diesel I mplementation Branch Mobile Source Control Division California Air Resources Board 1
Driving Change o Significant reductions needed to meet air quality and climate goals • 90% reduction in NOx by 2031 • 40% reduction in GHGs by 2030 • 80% reduction in GHGs by 2050 o Up to 50% petroleum use reduction by 2030 o Achieving goals will require a transformational change in all sectors o Stationary, industrial, mobile, other
Requires Reductions Across All Sectors o All possible methods needed to meet goals • Increased efficiencies • Cleaner combustion • Cleaner fuels • Zero emission vehicles • In-use controls • Other 3
Implementing an Advanced Technology Framework o Coordinating: Connecting statewide efforts between regions and agencies o Regulations: Coordinated multi-pollutant approaches • Advanced Clean Transit • Other o Funding: Enhance markets with strategic public incentive and investment programs • Significant funding prioritized for zero emission transit 4
Transit Buses Leading the Way o Transit bus highly suitable for advanced technologies • Operate in congested areas where localized pollution can be a problem • Centrally located and fueled • Fixed routes • Government support o Experiences aid other fleets in deploying advance technologies 5
Role for Zero- and Near-Zero Emission Buses o Low NOx on-road heavy duty engines • One CNG engine certified (90% lower NOx) available 2016 • More low NOx engines expected (CNG and diesel) o Renewable fuels • Displace conventional diesel and natural gas use • Used in multiple sectors o Zero emission buses • Significant technology improvements over past 5 years • Commercially available • Costs have come down and continue to decline 6
Zero Emission Buses 7
Why Zero Emission Buses o No tailpipe emissions o Are meeting transit service needs today o Technology and costs continue to improve o Currently 190% to 420% times more efficient than conventional o Potential for lower fuel and maintenance costs 8
Zero Emission Bus Market Growing Rapidly o Several fleets adding to their existing zero emission bus fleet o Number of zero emission buses operating in California to more than double next year o Antelope Valley Transit committed to 100% zero emission bus goal as soon as possible o More zero emission bus models available 9
Multiple Fleets Using Zero Emission Buses Zero Emission Buses Existing ZBus Technology Bus Fleet Operator In Fleet Percent of Type Ordered Total Size 1 Service Fleet Antelope Valley Transit Battery 2 29 31 65 48% Stanford University Battery 13 10 23 79 29% Anaheim Resort Transit Fuel Cell 0 9 9 38 24% Fuel Cell 5 11 16 SunLine Transit 104 19% Battery 0 3 3 Santa Barbara Battery 20 0 20 110 18% Porterville Transit Battery 0 2 2 14 14% Foothill Transit Battery 15 15 30 300 10% San Joaquin RTD Battery 2 7 9 113 8% Long Beach Transit Battery 0 10 10 251 4% UC Irvine Fuel Cell 1 0 1 30 3% ZEBA (AC Transit lead) Fuel Cell 13 0 13 571 2% Monterey-Salinas Battery 1 0 1 95 1% Los Angeles MTA Battery 5 0 5 2594 0% Total 77 96 173 4364 1 Source: 2014 ARB Reporting Database 10
Multiple Zero Emission Buses Available Make Model Bus Type Fueling BYD K7M 30’ Transit Battery BYD K9S 35’ Transit Battery BYD K11M 40’ Transit Battery New Flyer Xcelsior XE40* 40’ Transit Battery or Fuel Cell Proterra BE35 35’ Transit Battery Proterra Catalyst 40’ Transit Battery El Dorado American Fuel Cell Bus* 41’ Transit Fuel Cell BYD C9 40’ Motor Coach Battery BYD C10 45’ Motor Coach Battery BYD K9M 60’ Articulated Battery New Flyer Xcelsior XE60* 60’ Articulated Battery or Fuel Cell Note: Additional zero emission buses available that are less than 30’ in length * In development 11
Multiple Fueling Strategies o Fuel cell bus fueling and range similar to CNG/diesel o Battery electric slow charge (plug-in) • About 120 to 190 miles per charge o Battery electric fast charge (conductive) • Charge on route for about 3 to 10 minutes • Unlimited range o Battery electric combination • Slow charge plug-in, and • Inductive charging at strategic locations 12
Transit Bus Fleet Characteristics by Mode Average Average Mode Weekday Speed MPH Miles Commuter Buses (CB) 177 29 Transit Bus (MB) 150 14 Demand Response (DR) 99 14 Source: National Transit Database 2013 13
Funding Opportunities 14
California Supporting Transition to Advanced Technologies o Zero Emission Bus Pilot Commercial Deployment Projects • Up to $65 million available (FY14/15) and (FY 15/16) o Hybrid and Zero Emission Voucher Incentive Project (HVIP) • $110,000 per vehicle o Low Carbon Transit Operations Program • 5% continuous appropriation of annual Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund (GGRF) proceeds o Transit and Intercity Rail Capital Program • 10% continuous appropriation of annual GGRF proceeds o Low Carbon Fuel Standard credits 15
ARB Zero Emission Bus Commercial Pilot Deployments o Zero emission bus deployments around strategic “hubs” • Shared location and fueling infrastructure • Workforce training and development • Benefits to disadvantaged communities o Up to $65M allocated * from FY 14/15 and 15/16 funds • Competitive solicitation released October 2015 • Match funding encouraged http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/aqip/solicitations.htm * Portion of funds are pending authorization by the Legislature 16
ARB HVIP Funding o Provides vouchers for California fleets on a first-come, first-served basis • BYD • New Flyer • Proterra • Conversions to zero-emission o Up to $110,000 for eligible zero emission buses • Visit http://californiahvip.org 17
State Transportation Agency o Low Carbon Transit Operations Program (Caltrans) • Provide operating and capital assistance to transit agencies • Awarded $25 million for close to 100 projects o Low Carbon Transit and Intercity Rail Program (CalSTA) • Funding for rail and bus capital projects and operational improvements • Awarded $244 million for 14 projects http://calsta.ca.gov/res/docs/pdfs/2015/Agency/TIRCPAwardSummary06302015.pdf 18
Low Carbon Fuel Standard Can Lower Costs for Buses o Reduces GHG emissions associated with lifecycle of transportation fuels o Earn credits to be sold on open market • CNG, RNG, electricity, hydrogen o Transit fleets can benefit several ways • If three or more vehicles using electricity or • If producing fuel or • Through contract with fuel producer Credit trading reports www.arb.ca.gov/fuels/lcfs/lrtmonthlycreditreports.htm 19
Advanced Clean Transit Regulation 20
Advanced Clean Transit Concept o Mix of cleaner combustion & zero-emission buses • Low NOx technologies • Use of renewable fuels • Phased-in adoption of zero-emission technologies o Natural fleet replacement rate (not accelerated) o Continue to provide effective, efficient, and affordable regional transit services across California 21
Advanced Clean Transit Flexibility Options o Flexibility for fleets to pool requirements o Flexibility for regional collaboration between metropolitan planning organizations and transit fleets o Opportunity to recognize greater efficiencies and zero-emission modes of transporting passengers o Recognize early zero emission bus purchases o Recognize uniqueness of small and rural operations 22
Next Steps o Continued engagement with stakeholders • Transit workgroup • Technology and regulatory proposal workshops • Economics and business case, funding and incentives o Update Board early 2016 o Draft regulation proposal in spring 2016 o Board consideration late 2016 23
Conclusion o Successful transition of heavy-duty sources to zero and near-zero technologies begins with buses o Partner with transit agencies to meet goals o Continue to improve mobility and efficiency o Will use a combination of incentives and regulatory approaches 24
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