BE PART OF THE REVOLUTION TRANSFORMING HEALTHCARE WITH AI - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

BE PART OF THE REVOLUTION TRANSFORMING HEALTHCARE WITH AI CALIFORNIA — THE RITZ-CARLTON, LAGUNA NIGUEL 11–14 DECEMBER 2019 1000 ATTENDEES 80 SPEAKERS 10 WORKSHOPS www.aimed.events/northamerica-2019/ 2 SOCIAL EVENTS #AIMed19 1 AIMed19 Insert Logo, text, URLs, etc here

AIMed NORTH AMERICA, CALIFORNIA 11–14 DECEMBER 2019 AI i AI in M Med edicine: e: T The e Evolution of the Sc Science Insert Photo Here and Its Pra ractice Edward H. Shortliffe, MD, PhD; Professor (Adjunct, Retired) Columbia University Arizona State University Weill Cornell Medical College Senior Executive Consultant, IBM Watson Health www.aimed.events/northamerica-2019 tedshortliffe @tshortliffe

AIMed NORTH AMERICA, CALIFORNIA 11–14 DECEMBER 2019 Go Goals f s for To Toda day’s Pr s Prese sent ntation • Show that today’s state of the art in medical AI is part of a 50-year scientific trajectory that is still evolving • Emphasize how the evolution of digital technology has affected our ability to field systems for routine use • Summarize where we are today in that evolution www.aimed.events/northamerica-2019/

AIMed NORTH AMERICA, CALIFORNIA 11–14 DECEMBER 2019 De Decisi sion Ma Making as s an In Intri rinsic c Part of of Med edici cine • Early assumption that “computers in medicine” meant computers as diagnostic aids • Subsequent focus on broader set of decision- support needs – and on importance of information and knowledge representation • Most physicians acknowledge that some “support” would be useful to them, if “properly” delivered www.aimed.events/northamerica-2019/

Decision Making vs Decision Support

AIMed NORTH AMERICA, CALIFORNIA 11–14 DECEMBER 2019 19 1950 50’s • Earliest formal recognition of statistical issues in diagnosis and the potential role of computers www.aimed.events/northamerica-2019/

Real-World Use of Bayes? X

AIMed NORTH AMERICA, CALIFORNIA 11–14 DECEMBER 2019 19 1960’s-70 70’s • Substantial AI work on problems familiar to us today: • Machine learning, neural networks • Natural language processing • Simulation of human problem solving • Emergence of applications of artificial intelligence in medicine (knowledge-based systems, also often dubbed “expert systems”) www.aimed.events/northamerica-2019/

AIMed NORTH AMERICA, CALIFORNIA 11–14 DECEMBER 2019 Ar Artifi ficial Intelligence (AI AI) The study of ideas that enable computers to do the things that make human beings seem intelligent: The ability to reason symbolically The ability to acquire and apply knowledge The ability to manipulate and communicate ideas Taken from Parick Winston’s AI Textbook from the 1970s-80s www.aimed.events/northamerica-2019/

AIMed NORTH AMERICA, CALIFORNIA 11–14 DECEMBER 2019 Exa xample AI Programs from 1970s • Internist-1 / QMR Task: Diagnosis in internal medicine and neurology • The MYCIN System Task: Advise clinicians on the selection of antimicrobial regimens in critical settings (especially before culture results) • Approaches/methods broadly adopted outside of medicine www.aimed.events/northamerica-2019/

AIMed NORTH AMERICA, CALIFORNIA 11–14 DECEMBER 2019 Exp xplosive Interest in AI • Expert systems heavily covered in lay press, with medical examples prominent • Cover stories in leading magazines and newspapers • Investment by companies in learning about AI and its potential application in their businesses www.aimed.events/northamerica-2019/

AIMed NORTH AMERICA, CALIFORNIA 11–14 DECEMBER 2019 19 1980’s a s and 9 nd 90’s • Disappointment that applied AI had not rapidly lived up to predictions for impact • Perceived “overselling” of artificial intelligence • Avoidance of use of the term by AI researchers AI Winter www.aimed.events/northamerica-2019/

AI in Medicine 1993;5:93-106

AIMed NORTH AMERICA, CALIFORNIA 11–14 DECEMBER 2019 20 2000-20 2010 • Integration of decision support with workflow viewed as a central requirement • Further stimulated by concerns regarding patient safety and error reduction (IOM: “To Err is Human”) • Increasing incorporation of decision-support functionalities (mostly warnings and alerts) in commercial products www.aimed.events/northamerica-2019/

AI in Medicine 2009;46:5-17

AIMed NORTH AMERICA, CALIFORNIA 11–14 DECEMBER 2019 20 2000-20 2010 • New issues regarding relationships between vendors and hospital IT staffs • Locally built systems give way to vendor-supplied electronic health records • Challenges in the incorporation of decision support and knowledge-management tools • Institutional barriers (beyond technology) that limit the ability to share rules and guidelines between hospitals and health systems www.aimed.events/northamerica-2019/

AIMed NORTH AMERICA, CALIFORNIA 11–14 DECEMBER 2019 Th The C Current D t Decade de • Explosion in interest in AI broadly, and medical AI in particular • Confusion in terms: “big data”, machine learning, data analytics, data science • How do these terms relate to AI and, in medicine and biology, to biomedical informatics? • Commercial products in the clinical AI and decision-support area • Many of the early challenges persist (integration, interoperability, terminology standardization, data ownership, and many others) www.aimed.events/northamerica-2019/

Th Thank k You te ted@ d@sho hortlif tliffe.net