Traffic injuries to children and young people in Hertfordshire Public Health Evidence and Intelligence, Transport Planning Data Team March 2015 www.hertsdirect.org
Content • Background 2 • Data sources and definitions 3 • Data caveats 4 • Key messages 5 • Comparison to England 7 • Severity, road user type, sex, age, district and 9 deprivation • Speed limits and time of day 26 www.hertsdirect.org 1
Background In June 2014 Public Health England (PHE) produced a report “Reducing unintentional injuries on the roads among children and young people under 25 years”. Further details along with national and upper tier local authority level data are available from: www.chimat.org.uk/youngpeople/injuries Generally, Hertfordshire has lower rates of traffic injuries involving under 25s than England. However, in 2013 one in every 1,745 young people aged between 15 and 24 suffered a serious or fatal traffic injury in Hertfordshire. Aim and purpose This report is a collaboration between the Public Health Evidence and Intelligence team and Data Transport Planning, Highways using local police and hospital data to look in more detail at the picture for Hertfordshire and its districts. It was written by Claire Tiffany (Senior Public Health Analyst). For further information, please contact PH.Intelligence@hertfordshire.gov.uk www.hertsdirect.org 2
Data sources and definitions Analysis based on local STATS 19 and SUS data held by Hertfordshire County Council. STATS 19: Police reported road accidents, Hertfordshire only, 0-24 years. SECONDARY USES SERVICES (SUS): Local hospital data, emergency hospital admissions only, 0-24 years, ICD10 codes V01-V89 (non-traffic injuries filtered out). Includes patients registered with NHS East and North Hertfordshire CCG and NHS Herts Valleys CCG, excludes patients registered with three GP practices in Royston. Deprivation analysis based on patients resident in either CCG. CONFIDENCE INTERVALS: All confidence intervals in charts are 95%. DEFINITIONS used in STATS 19: Police-reported traffic casualties are categorised in three severities. Fatal casualties sustain injuries which cause death less than 30 days after the collision. Injuries are categorised as severe when a casualty is detained in hospital as an “in - patient”, or any of the following injuries whether or not they are detained in hospital: fractures, concussion, internal injuries, crushings, burns (excluding friction burns), severe cuts, severe general shock requiring medical treatment and injuries causing death 30 or more days after the accident. Slight injuries are of a minor character such as a sprain (including neck whiplash injury), bruise or cut which are not judged to be severe, or slight shock requiring roadside attention. www.hertsdirect.org 3
Data caveats There may be variation between hospital trusts in the way hospital admissions are coded. Often the focus is on the type of injury (e.g. fracture) and its treatment rather than the underlying cause which can create variations in whether the episode is recorded as a traffic accident. There may be differences in admission thresholds. There may be variation in data recording completeness. Young people who attend A&E but are not admitted to hospital are not included. Not all road casualties are reported to police. Rates are expressed as injuries/ deaths on the roads, under 25 year olds, per 100,000 residents (crude rate). Therefore, areas with low resident populations but which have high inflows of people or traffic may have artificially high rates because the at-risk resident population is not an accurate measure of exposure to transport. This is likely to affect the results for employment centres/ commuter areas and sparsely populated rural areas which have high numbers of visitors or through traffic. www.hertsdirect.org 4
Key messages (1) • Generally, Hertfordshire has lower rates of traffic injuries involving under 25s than England. However, on average, nine road users aged under 25 were killed each year in Hertfordshire, 1,094 had an injury recorded by the police of which 122 were serious. • The average yearly number of under 25 hospital admissions resulting from road traffic injuries (176) was 34% higher than the number of killed or serious injuries recorded by the police. • Young males were more likely to be involved in a traffic injury than young females, particularly the more serious the injury. • Overall, rates of under 25s killed or seriously injured (KSI) on the road or admitted to hospital as a result of a road traffic injury were higher in the older age groups (15 to 24 years old). • Rates of under 25 year old car occupants involved in traffic injuries were higher for 18 to 22 year olds, whilst for pedestrians and cyclists they were higher in 10 to 14 year olds. • The majority of under 25 year old road casualties in Hertfordshire involved car occupants. This follows the national trend, although the proportion is slightly higher in Hertfordshire than England. www.hertsdirect.org 5
Key messages (2) • Vulnerable road users such as cyclists and pedestrians make up a greater proportion of emergency hospital admissions than casualties recorded by the police. • Hertsmere had the highest rate of under 25 year old road casualties recorded by the police, whilst St Albans had the highest number. Differences between districts are influenced by many factors such as whether it is predominantly rural or urban, types and lengths of roads, levels of traffic, travel behaviour, deprivation and population density. • Rates of under 25 year old road casualties and KSIs are lowest in the least deprived areas. There is no clear gradient in the more deprived areas. • The majority of under 25 year old pedestrian KSIs occur in rush hour before and after school. • Overall, the majority of KSIs occur in 30mph zones, although those involving car occupants are more likely to occur in 60 or 70 mph zones. • With the exception of 2012 the overall rate for KSIs in under 25s has fallen steadily over the last five years. www.hertsdirect.org 6
Comparison to England www.hertsdirect.org 7
Summary of Hertfordshire under 25 year old traffic injuries compared to England Indicators lower (better) than England • Emergency admission rates* - all road user types • Killed or Seriously Injured (KSI) rates* - all age groups • Motorcyclist KSI rates - age 15-19 and 20-24 • Car occupant KSI rates - age 15-19 and 20-24 Indicators higher (worse) than England • Pedestrian KSI rates age 20-24 (10.2 per 100,000 population compared to 9.8) • Pedal cyclist KSI rates age 10-14 (8.4 per 100,000 population compared to 6.5) Speed limit • Lower percentage of KSIs in 30 mph zones in Hertfordshire compared to England - all road user types * Emergency admissions from 2008/09 to 2012/13, KSIs from 2008 to 2012 Source: Reducing unintentional injuries on the roads among children and young people under 25 years, Hertfordshire, Public Health England: http://atlas.chimat.org.uk/IAS/profiles/profile?profileId=55&geoTypeId=4&geoIds=_919 www.hertsdirect.org 8
Traffic injuries by severity, road user type, sex, age, district and deprivation www.hertsdirect.org 9
Road casualties and emergency hospital admissions, 0-24 years, Hertfordshire* by sex, average number per year, 2009-2013 (STATS19) and 2011/12 to 2013/14 (SUS) -On average 1,225 road Data Severity Males Females Total Male to users per year under 25 Source (per (per (per female years old had an injury year) year) year) ratio recorded by the police of which 10% (122) were STATS19 Killed 7 2 9 3.2 to 1 serious and 1% (9) were fatal, similar to nationally Seriously 88 34 122 2.6 to 1 -On average there were 176 injured emergency hospital Slightly admissions to under 25s as a 607 487 1,094 1.2 to 1 injured result of a road traffic injury each year All SUS 104 72 176 1.4 to 1 admissions - Young males were more likely be involved in a traffic injury, particularly the more Source: Hertfordshire County Council serious injuries • SUS data based on GP registered population (excludes 3 practices in Royston) www.hertsdirect.org 10
Road casualties, 0 to 24 yrs, Hertfordshire, by road user type, average per year 2009-2013 Road User Fatal Killed or All % of all -The highest proportion of Type seriously severities severities (per year) road casualties (66%) injured (per year) (KSI) involved car occupants, higher than England (59% in (per year) 2008-2012) Car occupants 6 53 812 66.3% -The majority of fatalities Pedestrians 2 30 154 12.5% (67%) were car occupants, Motorcycle 1 30 128 10.5% higher than England (58% in riders 2008-2012) Pedal cyclists 0 15 91 7.4% -Pedal cyclists made up 7% Minibus/ bus/ 0 0 7 0.6% of road casualties and 11% coach of KSIs (this compares to 9% Taxi 0 1 7 0.6% and 11% for England in 2008- 2012) Other users 0 2 26 2.1% Total 9 131 1,225 100.0% Source: STATS 19, Hertfordshire County Council www.hertsdirect.org 11
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