Toward Precision Agriculture: Building a Soil Wetness Multi-Hop WSN - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Toward Precision Agriculture: Building a Soil Wetness Multi-Hop WSN from First Principles Aggelos Bletsas, Aikaterini Vlachaki, Eleftherios Kampianakis , George Sklivanitis, John Kimionis, Konstadinos Tountas, Megasthenis Asteris and Panagiotis Markopoulos Telecom Lab Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering (ECE) Technical University of Crete (TUC) April 5, 2011 Bletsas et al. (TUC) Ecosense 2011, Belgrade, Serbia April 5, 2011 1 / 20

Outline 1 Why 2 What 3 Comparison 4 The BIG picture Bletsas et al. (TUC) Ecosense 2011, Belgrade, Serbia April 5, 2011 2 / 20

WHY? Why reinventing the wheel? Cost reduction: from e 120 per WSN node → e 20 per node! Research: Low-cost testbed for telecom research (localization, cognition, mobility, etc). Research: New sensors, new applications. Teaching: Telecom Synthesis course. FUN :) Bletsas et al. (TUC) Ecosense 2011, Belgrade, Serbia April 5, 2011 3 / 20

Outline 1 Why 2 What 3 Comparison 4 The BIG picture Bletsas et al. (TUC) Ecosense 2011, Belgrade, Serbia April 5, 2011 4 / 20

WHAT? (Hardware - (1)) Emphasis to simplicity and iCubes are WSN nodes. flexibility. SiLabs C8051F320 MCU. Extension Board (XT) for iCube TI/Chipcon CC2500 . (power jack, UART, JTAG and 2 × AA battery operation. MCU pinouts). Custom PCB design. iCube + XT = iCube Gateway. Bletsas et al. (TUC) Ecosense 2011, Belgrade, Serbia April 5, 2011 5 / 20

The Humidity Sensor (Hardware - (2)) Ultra low power (300 µ A max), low cost ( × 5 cheaper compared to prior art). Bletsas et al. (TUC) Ecosense 2011, Belgrade, Serbia April 5, 2011 6 / 20

The iCubes Software Flexibility of C routines BOOL send packet(BYTE destination id, bit pack type, bit wait for ack, UINT16 timeout, BYTE max tries, BYTE sn) BOOL receive packet(BYTE *length, BYTE source id, bit type, BYTE packet acceptance level, UINT16 timeout, BYTE sn) Over the air programming capability (OTAP) has been developed . Bletsas et al. (TUC) Ecosense 2011, Belgrade, Serbia April 5, 2011 7 / 20

The WSN application towards water management Successful iCubes WSN demo set up taking humidity and temperature measurements (built-in thermistor). f c1 f c2 Bletsas et al. (TUC) Ecosense 2011, Belgrade, Serbia April 5, 2011 8 / 20

The Gateway Interface - collected information Due to simple gateway - PC interface (single UART buffer), development of another UI is trivial. Bletsas et al. (TUC) Ecosense 2011, Belgrade, Serbia April 5, 2011 9 / 20

MAC / Routing Packet driven multi-hop TDM/FDM routing protocol. No need for clock synchronization. Packet-driven with highly unsynchronized WSN nodes. Tree-based hierarchy. Exploiting multiple carriers (one for each subtree). Bletsas et al. (TUC) Ecosense 2011, Belgrade, Serbia April 5, 2011 10 / 20

Outline 1 Why 2 What 3 Comparison 4 The BIG picture Bletsas et al. (TUC) Ecosense 2011, Belgrade, Serbia April 5, 2011 11 / 20

Comparison iCubes cost: ∼ 30 e (quantities of 10) Prior art: ∼ 120 e (of similar functionality). Power consumption: comparable to prior art. iCube humidity sensor is power/cost competitive to commercial products. iCubes development cycle: short (simple C based on structured and embedded programming). OTAP - capable without the use of RTOS! Bletsas et al. (TUC) Ecosense 2011, Belgrade, Serbia April 5, 2011 12 / 20

Outline 1 Why 2 What 3 Comparison 4 The BIG picture Bletsas et al. (TUC) Ecosense 2011, Belgrade, Serbia April 5, 2011 13 / 20

GPRS-enabled WSN gateway Capability of sending data through GPRS to remote database. Bletsas et al. (TUC) Ecosense 2011, Belgrade, Serbia April 5, 2011 14 / 20

Renewable energy sources Solar/Wind power utilization. Website: http://www.telecom.tuc.gr/ ∼ aggelos/tel412 fall2010/ Bletsas et al. (TUC) Ecosense 2011, Belgrade, Serbia April 5, 2011 15 / 20

Testing Emergency Radio Applications Low-cost testbed Perhaps first of a kind collaborative (iCubes and USRP BS). beamforming demonstration. Zero-feedback, zero CSI distributed beamforming. Beamfroming Gain Ideal for reachback communication in low-cost WSNs. Single transmission iC iC iC WSN iCube nodes A. Bletsas, A. Lippman and J.N. Sahalos, “Simple, Zero-Feedback, Distributed Beamforming with Unsynchronized Carriers”, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas of Communications (JSAC) , Special Issue on Simple Sensor Networking Solutions, Vol. 28, No. 7, pp.1046-1054, Sept. 2010 . Bletsas et al. (TUC) Ecosense 2011, Belgrade, Serbia April 5, 2011 16 / 20

Backscatter Sensor Networks Single transistor WSN radio. Ultra low cost. Ultra low power. Ideal for environmental WSNs. Challenge: increase range. A. Bletsas, A.G. Dimitriou and J.N. Sahalos, “Improving Backscatter Radio Tag Efficiency”, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques (MTT) , Vol. 58, No.6, pp. 1502-1509, June 2010 . G. Vannucci, A. Bletsas and D. Leigh, “A Software-Defined Radio System for Backscatter Sensor Networks”, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications (TWC) , Vol. 7, No. 6, pp. 2170-2179, June 2008 . Bletsas et al. (TUC) Ecosense 2011, Belgrade, Serbia April 5, 2011 17 / 20

The BIG picture Bletsas et al. (TUC) Ecosense 2011, Belgrade, Serbia April 5, 2011 18 / 20

Conclusion WSNs can be low cost, easy, modular and fun! New disruptive technologies are being developed @ TUC/Telecom Lab. Bletsas et al. (TUC) Ecosense 2011, Belgrade, Serbia April 5, 2011 19 / 20

Thank YOU! Questions? Eleftherios Kampianakis (kampianakis@gmail.com) Contact info: Aggelos Bletsas Assistant Professor Telecom Lab Electronic & Computer Engineering Dept. Technical University of Crete, Greece aggelos@telecom.tuc.gr aggelos@media.mit.edu website: http://www.telecom.tuc.gr/ ∼ aggelos Bletsas et al. (TUC) Ecosense 2011, Belgrade, Serbia April 5, 2011 20 / 20