Tow behind Plow Study Determining The Potential Cost Benefits Of Utilizing A Truck With A Tow Behind Plow When Compared To A Truck With A Standard Front Plow And A Mid-mounted Wing Plow William H. Schneider, IV Christopher M. Miller Mallory Crow (Presenter) William A. Holik Paul Ensinger Mark Griffiths Brian Olson This project was conducted in cooperation with ODOT and FHWA. The researchers would like to thank the members of ODOT’s Technical Liaison Committee: Mr. Paul Ensinger, Mr. Mark Griffiths, and Mr. Brian Olson. As well as ODOT’s Statewide Planning and Research team: Ms. Vicky Fout, Ms. Jill Martindale, Ms. Cynthia Jones, Mr. Scott Phinney, and Ms. Kelly Nye. Winter Maintenance Evaluation
Tow behind Plow Study Learning Outcomes • How is this equipment utilized during different storm severities in comparison to a standard plow truck. • What is the true truck equivalence ratio for a TowPlow • Determining if there is a cost savings when implementing a TowPlow. Winter Maintenance Evaluation 2
Tow behind Plow Study Project Setting Winter Maintenance Evaluation 3
Tow behind Plow Study Standard Truck Comparison in Portage Co. Truck opposite of tow plow in Portage is tandem axle, 14 foot plow, with wing plow. Treated opposite side of IR- 76 while TowPlow treated other side. Winter Maintenance Evaluation 4
Tow behind Plow Study TowPlow System • Tandem axle truck with at least 350-horsepower engine. • TowPlow units equipped with hopper and brine tank. • Combined with front plow may clear 25 foot path. Image from Viking-Cives, • Operate safely at 30 to 40 mph. www.vikingcives.com Winter Maintenance Evaluation 5
Tow behind Plow Study Data Collection Winter Maintenance Evaluation 6
Tow behind Plow Study Standard Truck Data Winter Maintenance Evaluation 7
Tow behind Plow Study TowPlow Data Driver Camera Rear Camera Front Camera Passenger Side Camera Guidance Laser DVR Winter Maintenance Evaluation 8
Tow behind Plow Study Video Documentation Winter Maintenance Evaluation 9
Tow behind Plow Study TowPlow Deployed Shoulder Deployment Right Lane Deployment TowPlow not Deployed. Right Lane Deployment Ramp Deployment (Truck and TowPlow figures modified from Viking-Cives Website) (Truck and TowPlow figures modified from Viking-Cives Website) Winter Maintenance Evaluation 10
Tow behind Plow Study Video Documentation • 2000 Hours of Video Used to Document: • TowPlow Deployment • TowPlow Treatment Change • Front Plow Deployment • New Route • Lane Position Change Winter Maintenance Evaluation 11
Tow behind Plow Study Cost and Variables • Annualized cost of TowPlow versus standard truck • Monte Carlo simulation • Matlab • Random number generator • Utilization rate for each truck by storm classification • TowPlow to standard truck equivalency Comparison Winter Maintenance Evaluation 12
Tow behind Plow Study Cost Variables Sources: Variable Average Standard Source ODOT – Specific Deviation Capital Cost TowPlow ($) 101000 1000 ODOT operational and financial Capital Cost of Truck Pulling TowPlow ($) 200080 18067 ODOT data. Capital Cost Standard Truck (w/wing plow) 168179 1000 ODOT Annualized Factor 0.04 0.02 ODOT M&R 661 – Forms filled Fuel Price ($/gal) 4 1 ODOT Fuel Economy (mile/gal) TowPlow Treating 3.5 1.1 M&R 661 out by operators with Fuel Economy (mile/gal) TowPlow Not Treating 3.7 1.1 M&R 661 treatment, time, and Fuel Economy (mile/gal) Standard Treating 4.4 1.14 M&R 661 location data. Fuel Economy (mile/gal) Standard Not Treating 4.8 0.57 M&R 661 Speed of Truck (mph) 31 9.5 GPS/AVL and Video NOAA – Weather data Hours of Events (hr/event) 8 2 NOAA from stations near garages Trace Events (event/yr) 51 9 NOAA with TowPlows. Light Events (event/yr) 31.5 2 NOAA Moderate Events (event/yr) 12 2.4 NOAA Heavy Events (event/yr) 4.5 0.5 NOAA GPS/AVL & Video – Data Labor Rate ($/hr) 17.5 3 ODOT collected from trucks. Maintenance Cost Truck and TowPlow ($/yr) 9000 250 ODOT Maintenance Cost Standard ($/yr) 8000 250 ODOT Winter Maintenance Evaluation 13
Tow behind Plow Study Utilization Rate (UR) • Need to determine how much the equipment is used to maintain the roadways during a winter event. 𝑉𝑢𝑗𝑚𝑗𝑨𝑏𝑢𝑗𝑝𝑜 𝑆𝑏𝑢𝑓 𝑔𝑝𝑠 𝑈𝑝𝑥𝑄𝑚𝑝𝑥 𝑉𝑆 𝑈𝑝𝑥𝑄𝑚𝑝𝑥 𝑈𝑗𝑛𝑓 𝑈𝑝𝑥𝑄𝑚𝑝𝑥 𝑗𝑡 𝐸𝑓𝑞𝑚𝑝𝑧𝑓𝑒 = 𝑈𝑝𝑢𝑏𝑚 𝑈𝑗𝑛𝑓 𝑈𝑝𝑥𝑄𝑚𝑝𝑥 𝑗𝑡 𝑝𝑜 𝑆𝑝𝑣𝑢𝑓 𝐸𝑣𝑠𝑗𝑜 𝐹𝑤𝑓𝑜𝑢 × 100 𝑉𝑢𝑗𝑚𝑗𝑨𝑏𝑢𝑗𝑝𝑜 𝑆𝑏𝑢𝑓 𝑔𝑝𝑠 𝑇𝑢𝑏𝑜𝑒𝑏𝑠𝑒 𝑈𝑠𝑣𝑑𝑙 𝑉𝑆 𝑇𝑢𝑏𝑜𝑒𝑏𝑠𝑒 𝑈𝑗𝑛𝑓 𝑇𝑢𝑏𝑜𝑒𝑏𝑠𝑒 𝑈𝑠𝑣𝑑𝑙 𝑗𝑡 𝑈𝑠𝑓𝑏𝑢𝑗𝑜 = 𝑈𝑝𝑢𝑏𝑚 𝑈𝑗𝑛𝑓 𝑇𝑢𝑏𝑜𝑒𝑏𝑠𝑒 𝑈𝑠𝑣𝑑𝑙 𝑗𝑡 𝑝𝑜 𝑆𝑝𝑣𝑢𝑓 𝐸𝑣𝑠𝑗𝑜 𝐹𝑤𝑓𝑜𝑢 × 100 • Determine an overall and by storm classification UR. Winter Maintenance Evaluation 14
Tow behind Plow Study Utilization Rate - Results TowPlow Standard Overall 54% 65% Trace 17% 18% Light 45% 67% Moderate 72% 96% Heavy 91% 100% • TowPlow UR determined from video data collected. • Standard UR determined from GPS/AVL data and verification from M&R 661. • UR calculated for hours during event – not clean up time after Winter Maintenance Evaluation 15
Tow behind Plow Study Truck Equivalency • Not a 1:2 ratio – since TowPlow is not always able to be deployed or needed. 𝐷𝑏𝑞𝑏𝑑𝑗𝑢𝑧 𝑈𝑝𝑥𝑄𝑚𝑝𝑥 × 𝑃𝑤𝑓𝑠𝑏𝑚𝑚 𝑉𝑆 𝑈𝑝𝑥𝑄𝑚𝑝𝑥 × 𝐹𝑔𝑔𝑗𝑑𝑗𝑓𝑜𝑑𝑧 𝑈𝑝𝑥𝑄𝑚𝑝𝑥 = 𝐷𝑏𝑞𝑏𝑑𝑗𝑢𝑧 𝑇𝑢𝑏𝑜𝑒𝑏𝑠𝑒 × 𝑃𝑤𝑓𝑠𝑏𝑚𝑚 𝑉𝑆 𝑇𝑢𝑏𝑜𝑒𝑏𝑠𝑒 × 𝐹𝑔𝑔𝑗𝑑𝑗𝑓𝑜𝑑𝑧 𝑇𝑢𝑏𝑜𝑒𝑏𝑠𝑒 × 𝜄 • 𝜄 is the equivalent number of standard trucks needed to treat the same amount as the TowPlow. Winter Maintenance Evaluation 16
Tow behind Plow Study Truck Equivalency 𝐷𝑏𝑞𝑏𝑑𝑗𝑢𝑧 𝑈𝑝𝑥𝑄𝑚𝑝𝑥 × 𝑃𝑤𝑓𝑠𝑏𝑚𝑚 𝑉𝑆 𝑈𝑝𝑥𝑄𝑚𝑝𝑥 × 𝐹𝑔𝑔𝑗𝑑𝑗𝑓𝑜𝑑𝑧 𝑈𝑝𝑥𝑄𝑚𝑝𝑥 = 𝐷𝑏𝑞𝑏𝑑𝑗𝑢𝑧 𝑇𝑢𝑏𝑜𝑒𝑏𝑠𝑒 × 𝑃𝑤𝑓𝑠𝑏𝑚𝑚 𝑉𝑆 𝑇𝑢𝑏𝑜𝑒𝑏𝑠𝑒 × 𝐹𝑔𝑔𝑗𝑑𝑗𝑓𝑜𝑑𝑧 𝑇𝑢𝑏𝑜𝑒𝑏𝑠𝑒 × 𝜄 • Assume efficiencies are equal between both trucks. • Capacity of each truck is lane(s) treated in one pass: • TowPlow Capacity is 2 lanes Image modified from Viking-Cives, • Standard Capacity is 1 lanes www.vikingcives.com Winter Maintenance Evaluation 17
Tow behind Plow Study Truck Equivalency – Solving for Theta 𝜄 = 2 𝑚𝑏𝑜𝑓 × 𝑃𝑤𝑓𝑠𝑏𝑚𝑚 𝑉𝑆 𝑈𝑝𝑥𝑄𝑚𝑝𝑥 1 𝑚𝑏𝑜𝑓 × 𝑃𝑤𝑓𝑠𝑏𝑚𝑚 𝑉𝑆 𝑇𝑢𝑏𝑜𝑒𝑏𝑠𝑒 Frequency – Number of Time Theta is Calculated in Simulation Value of Theta (unit less) • Monte Carlo simulation – 1,000,000 times randomly select from range of UR to determine a distribution. • θ is determined to have an average of 1.706 Winter Maintenance Evaluation 18
Tow behind Plow Study Annualized Cost 𝑍𝑓𝑏𝑠𝑚𝑧 𝐷𝑝𝑡𝑢 = 𝐵𝑜𝑜𝑣𝑏𝑚𝑗𝑨𝑓𝑒 𝐷𝑏𝑞𝑗𝑢𝑏𝑚 𝐷𝑝𝑡𝑢 + 𝐵𝑜𝑜𝑣𝑏𝑚𝑗𝑨𝑓𝑒 𝑁𝑏𝑗𝑜𝑢𝑓𝑜𝑏𝑜𝑑𝑓 𝐷𝑝𝑡𝑢 + 𝐵𝑜𝑜𝑣𝑏𝑚𝑗𝑨𝑓𝑒 𝑃𝑞𝑓𝑠𝑏𝑢𝑗𝑝𝑜𝑏𝑚 𝐷𝑝𝑡𝑢 • Monte Carlo simulation – 500,000 times • Average cost of TowPlow- $83,629 per year Winter Maintenance Evaluation 19
Tow behind Plow Study Cost Results Equipment Annualized Average Standard Deviation Cost TowPlow (includes truck towing TowPlow) $83,629 $12,568 One Standard Truck (with a wing) $62,212 $10,865 Equivalent Standard Trucks (1.7 – with wings) $106,180 $11,210 Note: 1.7 is the number of standard trucks needed to match one TowPlow (See Section 6.3, for details). • TowPlow has an annual savings averaging $22,551 per year. • 1.4 standard trucks is break even point – no savings Winter Maintenance Evaluation 20
Tow behind Plow Study Learning Outcomes TowPlow Standard Overall 54% 65% Trace 17% 18% Light 45% 67% Moderate 72% 96% Heavy 91% 100% • Utilization outcomes in table above. • The true ratio of the TowPlow is found to be 1:1.706. • TowPlow has an annual savings averaging $22,551 per year when compared to the equivalent standard trucks. Winter Maintenance Evaluation 21
Tow behind Plow Study Thank You! For Further Questions, Please Contact: William Schneider at whs4@uakron.edu Winter Maintenance Evaluation
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