Tools to inform delivery of net gain in Natural Capital Cranfield - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Tools to inform delivery of net gain in Natural Capital Cranfield University, 30 October 2017 Alison Smith

Natural capital Wildlife habitat • Intrinsic & cultural value • Pollination, pest predators Provisioning services Regulating services • Food: crops, • Water quality livestock, fish • Flood control • Timber Natural capital • Erosion control • Biofuels Soil, water, plants, • Air quality animals • Fresh water supply • Carbon storage • Local climate Cultural services • Noise regulation • Landscape, local identity • Recreation, education

Delivering net gain Making the Measuring Identifying business impact improvements case Scoring Mapping and modelling Modelled impacts Opportunity maps Valuing Valuing

Scores Flood Protection Global Climate Sense of Place Water Quality Water Supply Local Climate Pest Control Soil Erosion Urban Food Intellectual Pollination Recreation Air Quality Aesthetic Wildness Livestock Spiritual Habitat Noise Crops HABITAT Broad-leaved semi-natural woodland 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.5 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.5 4.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 0.0 2.0 0.5 2.0 Broad-leaved plantation 4.5 4.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 4.0 3.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 Coniferous plantation 3.0 2.5 1.5 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 2.5 3.5 5.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 Dense/continuous scrub 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 4.5 3.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 Unimproved acidic grassland 3.5 4.5 3.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.0 5.0 2.0 1.5 1.5 3.0 4.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 2.5 Unimproved neutral grassland 4.0 4.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.0 5.0 2.0 1.5 1.5 3.0 4.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 2.5 Unimproved calcareous grassland 3.5 4.5 3.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.0 5.0 2.0 1.5 1.5 2.5 4.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 2.5 Improved grassland 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 2.5 1.0 0.0 1.5 0.0 5.0 1.5 Marsh/marshy grassland 3.0 4.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 3.5 5.0 2.5 1.5 2.0 4.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.5 3.0 Tall ruderal 1.5 2.0 1.5 2.5 2.0 2.0 5.0 4.0 4.0 3.0 2.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 2.5 Dry heath/acid grassland mosaic 3.0 4.5 4.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 3.5 5.0 2.5 2.0 2.0 3.0 3.5 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.5 2.0 Standing water 4.0 5.0 5.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 2.5 2.0 5.0 2.5 1.0 1.5 3.5 0.5 2.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 5.0 Arable 1.0 1.0 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.5 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 5.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 Amenity grassland 3.0 1.0 1.0 0.5 3.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 2.5 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 Bare ground 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 Urban - hard surfaces 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

ES Score Habitat for wildlife

ES Score Food production (max)

Assessing net impact Habitat map Assess quality, condition, location, time lag Matrix of scores BD ES1 ES2 … ES1 Adjust scores for Hab 1 5 5 3 … quality, condition, Hab 2 3 2 1 … location, time lag … … … … Total scores for each ES Metrics BD ES1 ES2 … Σ (Score x area) Before 525 600 300 … After 1 200 270 120 … After 2 … … …

Tools • Scoring – Natural Capital Planning Tool (testing) – Natural England Eco-metric (in development) – Natural Capital Standard for GI (prototype)

Score Bonus Natural Capital Standard for GI Stand of 10+ trees / woodland (Prototype) planted LBV 0.6 Score Bonus Water feature (e.g. pond), HBV 0.6 Yes Stand of 10+ trees / woodland Amenity grassland with bulbs / retained HBV 1 yes naturalised grassland 0.6 Retained native hedgerow (≥ 3 Shrub bed LBV 0.4 1 yes native species) SuDS LBV 0.4 Retained native hedgerow (≤ 2 Amenity grassland 0.4 species) 0.8 yes 0.4 Green roof LBV Stand of 10+ trees / woodland 0.4 Rain garden LBV 0.8 retained LBV Planted native tree 0.4 Retained species rich meadow 0.8 yes Planted native hedgerow (≥ 3 native Retained non-native hedgerow 0.8 species) 0.4 Retained native tree 0.8 yes Planted native hedgerow (≤ 2 SuDS HBV 0.3 0.8 Yes species) Community growing Vertical greening LBV 0.3 area/allotment 0.8 Planted non-native hedgerow 0.3 Planted non-native tree 0.3 Rain garden HBV 0.8 Yes 0.3 Naturalised play area Retained non-native tree 0.8 Permeable paving/gravel/ with green Shrub bed HBV 0.8 yes element 0.2 Stand of 10+ trees / woodland Herbaceous flower bed border 0.2 planted HBV 0.8 yes Permeable paving / gravel / partially Green roof HBV 0.8 yes 0.2 porous surface Established wildflower meadow 0.8 yes 0.2 Water feature LBV Vertical greening HBV 0.6 Sealed areas e.g. tarmac, concrete 0

Other scoring systems Burkhard et al 2012

Kopperoinen et al 2013 (GREENFRAME)

Tools • Scoring – Natural Capital Planning Tool (testing) – Natural England Eco-metric (in development) – Natural Capital Standard for GI (prototype) • Modelling

Modelling Tools • Combine datasets using rules (EcoServ-GIS, SENCE) e.g. Air quality benefits depend on: Vegetation type →leaf area index → • pollution deposition rate Distance from roads → pollution levels • Population living within (say) 100m of • road e.g. Flood control depends on: Vegetation (forest best) • Slope • Soil type (saturation, compaction) • Population in downstream flood zone • Rainfall •

Modelling Tools • Datasets & rules (EcoServ-GIS, SENCE) • Flow modelling (InVEST, Viridian, LUCI, NaturETrade, Co$ting Nature)

Tools • Scoring – Natural Capital Planning Tool (testing) – Natural England Eco-metric (in development) – Natural Capital Standard for GI (prototype) • Modelling – Free DIY tools: InVEST, ARIES, EcoServ-GIS – Proprietary tools: Viridian, SENCE, LUCI – Web maps: Co$ting Nature, NaturETrade

Mapping: hotspots Eco-Serv-GIS model Run by Natural Capital Solutions

Mapping: opportunities

Tools • Scoring – Natural Capital Planning Tool (testing) – Natural England Eco-metric (in development) – Natural Capital Standard for GI (prototype) • Modelling – Free DIY tools: InVEST, ARIES, EcoServ-GIS – Proprietary tools: Viridian, SENCE, LUCI – Web maps: Co$ting Nature, NaturETrade • Valuing – Spreadsheets: GI-Val, BEST SuDS Tool

Valuing: BEST SuDS Tools Number of Start Year of Finish Year of Total Carbon Present trees the evaluation the evaluation Sequestered Value of Type of Trees planted period period (tonnes) Carbon £ 2 2017 2037 0 £5 Deciduous - Small 3 2017 2037 3 £144 Deciduous - Medium 3 2017 2037 2 £ 123 Deciduous - Large 1 2017 2037 2 £85 Conifer - Large

Tools • Scoring – Natural Capital Planning Tool (testing) – Natural England Eco-metric (in development) – Natural Capital Standard for GI (prototype) • Modelling – Free DIY tools: InVEST, ARIES, EcoServ-GIS – Proprietary tools: Viridian, SENCE, LUCI – Web maps: Co$ting Nature, NaturETrade • Valuing – DIY Spreadsheets: GI-Val, BEST SuDS Tool – Specialist: iTree-Eco (trees); Orval (recreation) – Consultancy evaluation (often use benefit transfer)

Summary • Scoring – Easy to compare across services to determine net gain – Need to ensure scores are grounded in evidence • Modelling – Potentially more accurate; take account of local context (e.g. slope, soil type); can identify hotspots to protect and opportunities to enhance natural capital – More complex to use; do not calculate net gain directly • Valuing – Could be used to assess net gain or make the business case for investment – Monetary valuation not always possible; need good site- specific data.

Tool status • Scoring – Natural Capital Planning Tool (testing) – Natural England Eco-metric (in development) – Natural Capital Standard for GI (prototype) • Modelling – Free DIY tools: InVEST, ARIES, EcoServ-GIS – Proprietary tools: Viridian, SENCE, LUCI – Web maps: Co$ting Nature, NaturETrade • Valuing – DIY Spreadsheets: GI-Val, BEST SuDS Tool – Specialist: iTree-Eco (trees); Orval (recreation) – Models: InVEST, ARIES – Consultancy evaluation (often use benefit transfer)

Delivering net gain Making the Measuring Identifying business impact improvements case Scoring NCPT Mapping and modelling SENCE Valuing Valuing GI-Val, Consultancy

Challenges • Simplicity vs scientific robustness • Lack of evidence on ES scores • Impact of habitat condition on ES supply • Trade-offs between different ES • Cultural ES such as aesthetic value hard to measure • Others …..? Please add your thoughts and feedback to the wall! Thank you

Web Maps: NaturETrade (in development) Click anywhere on map to see property boundaries (from Land Registry) Instant report: • Carbon stored in vegetation (t) • Runoff avoided (t/ha/hr max) • Soil erosion avoided (t/ha/y) • Pollination index • Recreation (estimated visitors/y)

Natural England (NERR056) Scoring: simple, but is it robust? National Ecosystem Assessment