Title Introduction to the tokamak operation (GOLEM specific) - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Title Introduction to the tokamak operation (GOLEM specific) - Level 1 Vojtˇ ech Svoboda on behalf of the tokamak GOLEM team for GOMTRAIC training session 2019-03-04

Table of Contents 1 Introduction 2 Data handling @ the Tokamak GOLEM 3 Conclusion 4 Appendix

Table of Contents 1 Introduction The GOLEM tokamak - introduction The (GOLEM) tokamak concept The scenario to make the (GOLEM) tokamak discharge The scenario to discharge virtually The GOLEM tokamak - guide tour The GOLEM tokamak - basic diagnostics 2 Data handling @ the Tokamak GOLEM 3 Conclusion 4 Appendix

The GOLEM tokamak basic characteristics The grandfather of all tokamaks (ITER newsline 06/18) Vessel major radius R 0 = 0 . 4 m Vessel minor radius r 0 = 0 . 1 m Plasma minor radius: a ≈ 0 . 06 m Toroidal magnetic field: B t < 0 . 5 T Plasma current: I p < 8 kA Electron density: n e ≈ 0 . 2 − 3 × 10 19 m − 3 Effective ion charge: Z eff ≈ 2 . 5 Electron temperature: T e < 100 eV Ion temperature: T i < 50 eV Discharge duration: τ p < 25 ms (Electron) energy confinement time: τ e ≈ 50 us

The GOLEM tokamak for education - historical background

GOLEM ... somewhere, in the ancient cellars of Prague, there is hidden indeed ”infernal” power. Yet it is the very power of celestial stars themselves. Calmly dormant, awaiting mankind to discover the magic key, to use this power for their benefit. . . At the end of the 16th century, in the times when the Czech lands were ruled by Emperor Rudolf II, in Prague, there were Rabbi Judah Loew, well known alchemist, thinker, scholar, writer and inventor of the legendary GOLEM - a clay creature inspired with the Universe power that pursued his master’s command after being brought to life with a shem, . Golem is not perceived as a symbol of evil, but rather as a symbol of power which might be useful but is very challenging to handle. To learn more of the Golem legend, see e.g. Wikipedia/Golem.

The global schematic overview of the GOLEM experiment Virtual control room Tokamak technology setup internet (remote participation) authorization USER WWW control Data presentation interface HTML & PHP scripts HTML (www pages) WWW server OpenSSH server Control PC SSH control interface WINDOWS via putty Data handling Basic plasma diagnostics OpenSSH server *wget *gnuplot *idl *mathematica LINUX via ssh *matlab or ssh+X tunnel *etc... (advanced mode)

Table of Contents 1 Introduction The GOLEM tokamak - introduction The (GOLEM) tokamak concept The scenario to make the (GOLEM) tokamak discharge The scenario to discharge virtually The GOLEM tokamak - guide tour The GOLEM tokamak - basic diagnostics 2 Data handling @ the Tokamak GOLEM 3 Conclusion 4 Appendix

Our goal: the technology to create a µ Sun on the Earth

Magnetic confinement requires toroidal geometry

A chamber contains the thermonuclear reaction

Toroidal magnetic field coils confine the plasma

A transformer action creates and heats the plasma

The final technology altogether

Table of Contents 1 Introduction The GOLEM tokamak - introduction The (GOLEM) tokamak concept The scenario to make the (GOLEM) tokamak discharge The scenario to discharge virtually The GOLEM tokamak - guide tour The GOLEM tokamak - basic diagnostics 2 Data handling @ the Tokamak GOLEM 3 Conclusion 4 Appendix

Plasma in Tokamak (GOLEM) - the least to do To do: session start phase: Evacuate the chamber pre-discharge phase transformer primary winding Transformer coils Charge the capacitors core Fill in the working gas Preionization discharge phase Toroidal magnetic field B p d P l a e l a s m i Diagnostics f c T i t o r e o i d a n e E t n l e l e c t r i c f i e d l l i ports to confine plasma g a T m o r o i d a l l i n e B t m a g n e t i c f i e l d a l d i P o l a s m a u r r e n t I o l c p Toroidal electric field to P Toroidal magnetic field breakdown neutral gas coils into plasma Vacuum chamber Toroidal electric field to heat the plasma Plasma positioning Diagnostics post-discharge phase

Plasma in Tokamak (GOLEM) - the least to do To do: session start phase: Evacuate the chamber Preionization (electron gun) pre-discharge phase Charge the capacitors Fill in the working gas C B 67.5 mF Preionization 2kV T oroidal magnetic fi eld discharge phase Toroidal magnetic field Current drive to confine plasma Toroidal electric field to C CD breakdown neutral gas Vacuum stand GAS 13.5 mF H 2 /He 2kV handling into plasma Toroidal electric field to heat the plasma Plasma positioning Diagnostics post-discharge phase

Plasma in Tokamak (GOLEM) - the least to do To do: session start phase: Evacuate the chamber pre-discharge phase Charge the capacitors Fill in the working gas Preionization discharge phase Toroidal magnetic field to confine plasma Toroidal electric field to breakdown neutral gas Vacuum stand into plasma Toroidal electric field to heat the plasma Plasma positioning Diagnostics post-discharge phase

Plasma in Tokamak (GOLEM) - the least to do To do: session start phase: Evacuate the chamber pre-discharge phase Charge the capacitors Fill in the working gas C B 67.5 mF Preionization 2kV T oroidal magnetic fi eld discharge phase Toroidal magnetic field Current drive to confine plasma Toroidal electric field to C CD breakdown neutral gas 13.5 mF 2kV into plasma Toroidal electric field to heat the plasma Plasma positioning Diagnostics post-discharge phase

Plasma in Tokamak (GOLEM) - the least to do To do: session start phase: Evacuate the chamber pre-discharge phase Charge the capacitors Fill in the working gas Preionization discharge phase Toroidal magnetic field to confine plasma Toroidal electric field to breakdown neutral gas GAS H 2 /He handling into plasma Toroidal electric field to heat the plasma Plasma positioning Diagnostics post-discharge phase

Plasma in Tokamak (GOLEM) - the least to do To do: session start phase: Evacuate the chamber Preionization (electron gun) pre-discharge phase Charge the capacitors Fill in the working gas Preionization discharge phase Toroidal magnetic field to confine plasma Toroidal electric field to breakdown neutral gas into plasma Toroidal electric field to heat the plasma Plasma positioning Diagnostics post-discharge phase

Plasma in Tokamak (GOLEM) - the least to do To do: session start phase: Evacuate the chamber pre-discharge phase Charge the capacitors Fill in the working gas C B 67.5 mF Preionization 2kV T oroidal magnetic fi eld discharge phase Toroidal magnetic field to confine plasma Toroidal electric field to breakdown neutral gas into plasma Toroidal electric field to heat the plasma Plasma positioning Diagnostics post-discharge phase

Plasma in Tokamak (GOLEM) - the least to do To do: session start phase: Evacuate the chamber pre-discharge phase Charge the capacitors Fill in the working gas Preionization discharge phase Toroidal magnetic field Current drive to confine plasma Toroidal electric field C CD to breakdown neutral 13.5 mF 2kV gas into plasma Toroidal electric field to heat the plasma Plasma positioning Diagnostics post-discharge phase

Tokamak GOLEM - schematic experimental setup Preionization (electron gun) C B 67.5 mF 2kV T oroidal magnetic fi eld Current drive C CD Vacuum stand GAS 13.5 mF H 2 /He 2kV handling

Table of Contents 1 Introduction The GOLEM tokamak - introduction The (GOLEM) tokamak concept The scenario to make the (GOLEM) tokamak discharge The scenario to discharge virtually The GOLEM tokamak - guide tour The GOLEM tokamak - basic diagnostics 2 Data handling @ the Tokamak GOLEM 3 Conclusion 4 Appendix

Introduce the working gas (Hydrogen x Helium)

Switch on the preionization

Introduce the magnetic field

Introduce the electric field

Plasma ..

Table of Contents 1 Introduction The GOLEM tokamak - introduction The (GOLEM) tokamak concept The scenario to make the (GOLEM) tokamak discharge The scenario to discharge virtually The GOLEM tokamak - guide tour The GOLEM tokamak - basic diagnostics 2 Data handling @ the Tokamak GOLEM 3 Conclusion 4 Appendix

Infrastructure room (below tokamak) 10/16

Infrastructure room (below tokamak) 10/16

Tokamak room (North) 10/16

Tokamak room (North) 10/16

Tokamak room (South) 10/16

Tokamak room (South) 10/16

Table of Contents 1 Introduction The GOLEM tokamak - introduction The (GOLEM) tokamak concept The scenario to make the (GOLEM) tokamak discharge The scenario to discharge virtually The GOLEM tokamak - guide tour The GOLEM tokamak - basic diagnostics 2 Data handling @ the Tokamak GOLEM 3 Conclusion 4 Appendix

The GOLEM tokamak - basic diagnostics

Loop voltage U l @ the GOLEM tokamak

Toroidal magnetic field B t @ the tokamak GOLEM

Total current I ch + p