Three-dimensional behaviors of atmospheric CO 2 revealed by the - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Three-dimensional behaviors of atmospheric CO 2 revealed by the CONTRAIL project T. Machida 1 , H. Matsueda 2 , Y. Sawa 2 , Y. Niwa 2 and T. Shirai 1 1. NIES, 2. MRI

Old JAL Project (MRI, JAL, JAL F) 1993-2005, Twice/month CO 2 , CH 4 , CO ASE: Automatic Air Sampling Equipment

CONTRAIL Project since 2005 Cargo room 747-400 new ASE: （ CO 2 , CH 4 , CO, CME: Continuous CO 2 N 2 O, SF 6 , H 2 , isotopes ） Measuring Equipment CME CME CME CME CME ASE ASE 747-400 747-400 777-200 777-200 777-200 (JA8917) (JA8921) (JA705J) (JA703J) (JA707J) Nov/2005- Feb/2006- Jun/2006- Oct/2006- Nov/2006-

Six 777-200ER aircraft by JAL CME CME CME ASE ASE 777-200 777-200 777-200 (JA705J) (JA703J) (JA707J) Jun/2006- Oct/2006- Nov/2006- CME CME CME 777-200 777-200 777-200 (JA708J) (JA709J) (JA702J) Sep/2012- Jun/2012- Mar/2013-

Time series of CO 2 from 30N to 30S

Observation of CME （ -2013/03 ） flight>7,500 vertical CO 2 >14,000

Seasonal changes in CO 2 ref=2008 distributions (8km-tropopause) Jan. Jul. Apr. Oct.

Low CO 2 over the Eurasia in summer (8km-tropopause) (Sawa et al., 2012, JGR) Aug. Jul. May Apr. Jun. Mar. Dec . Feb. Jul. Jan. Nov. Oct. Aug. Sep. Jan-Apr, Sep-Dec. May-Aug: Large longitudinal differences 8 Longitudinal distributions between 40N and 70N

CO 2 cross section by CME data March Sawa et al. 2012, JGR.

CONTRAIL has large impacts on the flux estimate using only surface data + CONTRAIL Three-year mean for 2006–2008 Niwa et al. 2012, JGR.

How were inversion fluxes changed by CONTRAIL? Mean seasonal flux for 2006–2008 (A) inverted by surface data (B) (C) inverted by surface + CONTRAIL data (A) (B) (D) consistent with Annual net -0.25 Patra et al. (2011) 0.01 0.11 Pg C/yr -1 -0.14 CASA (prior flux) (C) (D) estimated flux error std. for 2006-2008 -0.14 0.08 0.15 0.28 Niwa et al. 2012, JGR.

Mean tracer distribution by NICAM model Niwa et al. 2012, JGR.

Other two 777-200ER will be modified CME CME CME CME ASE ASE 777-200 777-200 777-200 777-200 (JA705J) (JA703J) (JA707J) (JA708J) Jun/2006- Oct/2006- Nov/2006- Jun/2012- CME CME CME CME ASE ASE ASE 777-200 777-200 777-200 777-200 (JA709J) (JA702J) (JA710J) (JA711J) Sep/2012- Jan/2013- 2013- 2013-

CONTRAIL web page www.cger.nies.go.jp/contrail/

Please consider to use JAL for your next travel to Japan. Thank you.

CONTRAIL data can be used. www.cger.nies.go.jp/contrail/protocol.html

Installation for 747-400 Air-conditioning duct ASE Pump CME

CME in Forward-Cargo of 777-200 Air Inlet CME

ASE in Aft-Cargo of 777-200

CME data are agree with ASE Dec 08, 2005 384 CME 383 ASE 382 CO2[ppm] 381 380 379 378 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 Latitude [degree N]