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Status of Ocean Energy in South Africa Offshore Oil and Gas Environmental Research Collaboration Project Kick Start Meeting Imke Meyer Prof JL (Wikus) van Niekerk 23 ‐ 24 July 2015 Kirstenbosch, Cape Town 2015/07/24 1
The Centre for Renewable and Sustainable Energy Studies was established in 2007 to facilitate and stimulate activities in renewable energy study and research at Stellenbosch University. The Department of Science and Technology has been funding the Renewable and Sustainable Energy (RSE) Hub at Stellenbosch University since its establishment in August 2006. The aims of the RSE Hub are to develop human capital, deepen knowledge, and stimulate innovation and enterprise in the field of RSE. Currently the DST is still sponsoring the work of the Centre with an annual grant administrated by the National Research Foundation. Stellenbosch University was designated as the Specialisation Centre in Renewable Energy Technology as part of the Eskom Power Plant Engineering Institute (EPPEI). The research and teaching activities sponsored by Eskom focus on concentrating solar power (CSP) and wind energy and also includes the Eskom Chair in Concentrating Solar Power. The Sasol Technology group sponsored the new facilities for the Centre for Renewable and Sustainable Energy Studies as well as the work and facilities of the Solar Thermal Energy Research Group at Stellenbosch University.
Contents • Activities: – Ocean Energy Resources – Wave Energy – Tidal Currents – Ocean Currents – Temperature Gradients (OTEC) – Salinity Gradients – Ocean Energy Conversion Technologies – Wave Energy – Tidal Energy – Ocean Current Energy • Opportunities • Constraints • Way Forward 2015/07/24 3
Wave Energy Resource in the World World Waves data/OCEANOR/ECMWF
Wave Energy Resource in SA (Geustyn, 1983) 63 59 55 51 47 43 39 35 31 27 23 19 15 11 7 3 -10 (Joubert 2007)
Ocean Current Energy in SA Agulhas Current Mean Velocity [m/s] Others: Gulf Stream, Kuroshio
Resource Assessment of the Agulhas Current OE Research Group • Stellenbosch University, UCT and CSIR formed a research consortium in 2014 with the goal to better understand the Agulhas Current • Eskom deployed ADCP’s along the SA coast intermittently from 2006 to 2012 • Compare to tidal velocities? – Tidal sites: usually 2.5 m/s or greater – Ocean current 1 ‐ 2 m/s thus technology will have to be adapted 2015/07/24 7
Contents • Activities: – Ocean Energy Resources – Wave Energy – Tidal Currents – Ocean Currents – Temperature Gradients (OTEC) – Salinity Gradients – Ocean Energy Conversion Technologies – Wave Energy – Tidal Energy – Ocean Current Energy • Opportunities • Constraints • Way Forward 2015/07/24 8
Wave Energy Converter Devices OWC: Wavegen’s Limpet (no longer in operation ) Attenuators: Pelamis Wave Power (went into financial administration in 2015) 2015/07/24 9
Wave Energy Converter Devices Carnegie Corporation (CETO) in Australia 2015/07/24 10
Current Wave Energy Projects in SA Stellenbosch Wave Energy Converter ShoreSWEC Wave Crest Under-Sea Cable to Shore Turbine and Generator Air-Chambers Openings with Valves High Pressure Duct Low Pressure Duct
Hermanus Overtopping Device • Overtopping device(s), up to 5.25 MW (?) from low ‐ head turbines by Mean Sea Level (Pty) Ltd to power abalone farm • First project 1 MW @ R 1,20/kWh?
Tidal Currents: Marine Current Turbines Ltd (MCT) : SeaGen Atlantis, Andritz Hydro Minesto: Deep Green turbine Hammerfest Commercial Arrays: Environmental consent achieved with deployment plans within the next 5 years MeyGen Array Swansea Tidal Lagoon
Contents • Activities: – Ocean Energy Resources – Wave Energy – Tidal Currents – Ocean Currents – Temperature Gradients (OTEC) – Salinity Gradients – Ocean Energy Conversion Technologies – Wave Energy – Tidal Energy – Ocean Current Energy • Opportunities • Constraints • Way Forward 2015/07/24 14
Constraints: • Current cost of ocean energy conversion technology is too high • Level of funding for R&D in SA OE research is too low • Small research community with limited resources → Need for support both in funding and knowledge sharing in SA
Opportunities: • SA has an exploitable ocean energy resource, wave and current • Technology development: – Work being done by other countries is positive and possibly transferable to the SA OE environment – Scope for local technology development for our specific resources • Established marine engineering (mechanical, electrical and hydraulic) industry in Cape Town that currently supports the offshore diamond mining and the O&G industries • Three coastal engineering (civil) consulting firms based in Cape Town with an international reputation and footprint → SA has the required expertise and skills to develop a successful ocean energy industry (engineers, oceanographers, marine biologists, environmental specialists etc.), but we must collaborate 16
Way forward • Support collaboration between all the stakeholders in the ocean energy environment – Share data, resources, knowledge, facilities, lessons learnt • Mobilise funding for R&D activities in the ocean energy sector • Expand international collaboration 2015/07/24 17
Questions? Email: imke@sun.ac.za / wikus@sun.ac.za www.crses.sun.ac.za
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