Theories of Light Dark Matter and Their Connection to Intensity Experiments Kathryn M. Zurek University of Michigan Sunday, January 26, 14
Focus on Weak Scale for New Physics Gravitational Interactions LHC Energy Tevatron Sub-weak Interactions s e Extra Dimensions Higgs sector l c i t r a LEP p M • S S M M p ∼ 1 GeV Inaccessibility Sunday, January 26, 14
Paradigm Shift Sub-weak Interactions (DM here.) LHC Torres del Paine Standard Model Dark World Weak Interactions Hidden Valley Sunday, January 26, 14
Paradigm Shift Our thinking has shifted From a single, stable weakly interacting particle ..... (WIMP, axion) ? M p ∼ 1 GeV ...to a hidden world Standard Model with multiple states, new interactions Sunday, January 26, 14 Wednesday, March 20, 13
Hidden Dark Worlds Our thinking has shifted From a single, stable weakly interacting particle ..... (WIMP, axion) A’ (Heavy Photon Search) M p ∼ 1 GeV ...to a hidden world Standard Model with multiple states, new interactions Sunday, January 26, 14
Why the (sub-)Weak Scale is Compelling • Abundance of new stable states set by interaction rates Freeze-out Measured by WMAP + LSS 1 Γ = n σ v = H → σ ∼ few TeV 2 Sunday, January 26, 14
Why the Weak Scale is Compelling Meausured by CMB plus large scale structure h σ v i ' 3 ⇥ 10 − 26 cm 3 / s 1 ' (20 TeV) 2 Kolb and Turner Sunday, January 26, 14
Idea Focus: Supersymmetry • Provides sharp predictions ˜ ˜ W 3 , ˜ ˜ • Must be neutral B, H ν • Sneutrino scatters through Z • Neutralino does not because operator vanishes identically for Majorana fermion χγ µ χ ¯ N γ µ N ¯ Sunday, January 26, 14
Sub-Weakly Interacting Massive Particles Scattering through the Z boson: ruled out σ n ∼ 10 − 39 cm 2 -39 -39 -39 10 10 10 XENON100 (2012) DAMA/Na observed limit (90% CL) ] ] ] 2 2 2 -40 -40 -40 WIMP-Nucleon Cross Section [cm WIMP-Nucleon Cross Section [cm WIMP-Nucleon Cross Section [cm 10 10 10 Expected limit of this run: CoGeNT 1 expected ± σ DAMA/I 2 expected ± σ -41 -41 -41 10 10 10 SIMPLE (2012) XENON10 (2011) 2 ) 1 0 CRESST-II (2012) 2 ( -42 -42 -42 P 10 10 10 P U O C ) 2 1 0 2 ( I I I N - I L P E Z -43 -43 -43 ) EDELWEISS (2011/12) 1 10 10 10 1 0 2 ( 0 0 1 N O CDMS (2010/11) N E X -44 -44 -44 10 10 10 -45 -45 -45 10 10 10 6 7 8 910 6 7 8 910 6 7 8 910 20 20 20 30 30 30 40 50 40 50 40 50 100 100 100 200 200 200 300 400 300 400 300 400 1000 1000 1000 2 2 2 WIMP Mass [GeV/c WIMP Mass [GeV/c WIMP Mass [GeV/c ] ] ] Next important benchmark: σ n ∼ 10 − 45 − 46 cm 2 Scattering through the Higgs Sunday, January 26, 14
Are there ways around for the Neutralino? • Make the Neutralino a q L , � q , � ℓ L , H u , H d ℓ , H u , H d � � pure state -- coupling q L , ℓ L , � H u , � q , ℓ , � H u , � � � H d H d W B to Higgs vanishes Z χ • However, Wino and Large! χ n Higgsino pure states χ Z can be probed by ◆ 2 ✓ 2 TeV indirect detection 10 − 26 cm 3 / s h σ v i ⇠ m χ Sunday, January 26, 14
Are there ways around for the Neutralino? -25 10 /s) HESS Einasto 3 (95% CL) (cm Fermi-LAT Einasto -26 10 γ γ → χ χ -27 v> 10 σ < • Thermal Wino ruled -28 10 out -29 10 -2 -1 10 10 1 10 m (TeV) χ • Thermal Higgsino still Thermal 10 - 22 10 - 21 allowed, but can be 10 - 23 10 - 22 s gg+ s WW v A cm 3 ë s E ruled out in the future 10 - 24 2 g Z v A cm 3 ë s E 1 10 - 23 10 - 25 10 - 24 10 - 26 10 - 25 10 - 27 10 - 26 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 M 2 @ TeV D Cohen, Lisanti, Pierce, Slatyer Sunday, January 26, 14
Are there ways around for the Neutralino? • Bino escapes • Pay a fine-tuning price µ � M 1 ⇠ m wk | | | m 2 H d − m 2 H u | m 2 − m 2 H u − m 2 H d − 2 | µ | 2 . = Z � 1 − sin 2 (2 β ) Sunday, January 26, 14
Are there ways around for the Neutralino? m χ condition M 1 M 1 + µ sin 2 β = 0 • Tune away the coupling M 2 M 2 + µ sin 2 β = 0 − µ tan β = 1 to the Higgs M 2 M 1 = M 2 Cheung, Hall, Pinner, Ruderman • Smaller cross-sections é ê h é SI cross - section for b 10 - 42 correspond to more 10 - 43 10 - 44 tuning in the neutralino XENON100 m > 0 s SI @ cm 2 D m < 0 10 - 45 LUX components SuperCDMS 10 - 46 XENON1T 10 - 47 M 1 + sin2 b m < 0.1 M 1 10 - 48 10 20 50 100 200 500 1000 2000 m c @ GeV D Sunday, January 26, 14
Are there ways around for the Neutralino? m χ condition M 1 M 1 + µ sin 2 β = 0 • Tune away the coupling M 2 M 2 + µ sin 2 β = 0 − µ tan β = 1 to the Higgs M 2 M 1 = M 2 D Cheung, Hall, Pinner, Ruderman • Smaller cross-sections XENON 1T reach H ~ 2017 L 40 correspond to more LEP c - c + overclosed overclosed 20 XENON1T SI tuning in the neutralino 10 tan b 5 XENON1T SD components 2 c h cc = 0 1 - 1000 - 500 0 500 1000 m @ GeV D Sunday, January 26, 14
When Should We Start Looking Elsewhere? • Cannot kill neutralino DM, but paradigm does become increasingly tuned • Somewhat below Higgs pole -- Neutrino background? • Well-motivated candidates that are much less costly to probe • Light WIMPs Sunday, January 26, 14
Current Sensitivity Limited CRESST 2011 DAMA CoGeNT CRESST CDMS-Si Sunday, January 26, 14
Terra Incognita CF1 Snowmass report, 1310.8327 SuperCDMS Soudan CDMS-lite SuperCDMS Soudan Low Threshold XENON 10 S2 (2013) 10 � 39 10 � 3 CDMS-II Ge Low Threshold (2011) CoGeNT PICO250-C3F8 (2012) 10 � 40 10 � 4 CDMS Si (2013) 2 ) 1 0 2 ( E 10 � 41 L 10 � 5 WIMP � nucleon cross section � cm 2 � P M COUPP (2012) S I WIMP � nucleon cross section � pb � DAMA ) 2 1 0 2 ( I I I - N I 10 � 42 L 10 � 6 CRESST CDMS II Ge (2009) P E Z SuperCDMS n a d u EDELWEISS (2011) o S S 10 � 43 M 10 � 7 D C Xenon100 (2012) r e p S u N S O N L 0 A 5 B e E U d i S k r T a D 10 � 44 R 10 � 8 I N X U O L 3 I C 7 Be F C A T C T E OH - 0 S 5 E R T R E N 2 O Neutrinos I N G C I 8 B P 10 � 9 10 � 45 T 1 Neutrinos n o n e X 0 0 6 3 P 2 A G E D e d S i 10 � 46 10 � 10 k r a D LZ 10 � 47 10 � 11 (Green&ovals)&Asymmetric&DM&& (Violet&oval)&Magne7c&DM& G TERI N T A C (Blue&oval)&Extra&dimensions&& Atmospheric and DSNB Neutrinos T S 10 � 48 E N 10 � 12 R E H O (Red&circle)&SUSY&MSSM& C O I N R U T N E &&&&&MSSM:&Pure&Higgsino&& 10 � 49 10 � 13 &&&&&MSSM:&A&funnel& &&&&&MSSM:&BinoEstop&coannihila7on& &&&&&MSSM:&BinoEsquark&coannihila7on& 10 � 50 10 � 14 & 1 10 100 1000 10 4 WIMP Mass � GeV � c 2 � Sunday, January 26, 14
Cross-Sections May Be Mediated By A’ KZ, 0811.4429 σ SI ' g 2 n g 2 χ m 2 r π m 4 A 0 ◆ 4 ⌘ 2 ✓ 8 GeV ⇠ 10 − 40 cm 2 ⇣ g n g χ 10 − 4 m A 0 χ e, n χ 1 γ , Z A’ LUX talk χ e, n χ 2 Sunday, January 26, 14
Connection to Dark Forces • A’ searches can constrain this parameter space A' Æ Standard Model 10 -35 10 -35 10 - 2 a m , 5 s WASA KLOE m > > φ m 10 -40 10 -40 d r e v o f a X a m , ± 2 s MAMI 10 - 3 Ge BaBar APEX ê MAMI E774 Test Runs a e σ e [cm 2 ] 10 -45 10 -45 DarkLight MESA APEX e 10 - 4 VEPP - 3 E141 10 -50 10 -50 Large width Orsay HPS D e c a 10 - 5 y b e 10 -55 10 -55 f o r e U70 B B N 10 - 3 10 - 2 10 - 1 1 0.001 0.001 0.010 0.010 0.100 0.100 1.000 1.000 m A ' H GeV L m X [GeV] Lin, Yu, KZ 1111.0293 1311.0029 Sunday, January 26, 14
Light WIMPs: Asymmetric Dark Matter • Standard picture: freeze-out of annihilation; baryon and DM number unrelated • Accidental, or dynamically related? Experimentally, Ω DM ≈ 5 Ω b Mechanism n DM ≈ n b m DM ≈ 5 m p Sunday, January 26, 14
Chemical Potential Dark Matter Matter Anti-matter Matter Anti-Matter Visible Dark Sunday, January 26, 14
Baryon and DM Number Related? • Standard picture: freeze-out of annihilation; baryon and DM number unrelated • Accidental, or dynamically related? Experimentally, Ω DM ≈ 5 Ω b Nussinov, Hall, Gelmini, Mechanism n DM ≈ n b Barr, Chivukula, Farhi, D.B. Kaplan m DM ≈ 5 m p Sunday, January 26, 14
Baryon and DM Number Related? • Standard picture: freeze-out of annihilation; baryon and DM number unrelated • Accidental, or dynamically related? LEP and Precision EW Use: tend to result in problematic B, L X models Sunday, January 26, 14
Asymmetric DM “Integrate out” heavy state Luty, Kaplan, KZ 0901.4117 Higher dimension operators: Xu c d c d c X Energy N X M p ∼ 1 GeV Standard Model Dark Matter (Hidden Valley) Inaccessibility Sunday, January 26, 14
Asymmetric DM Luty, Kaplan, KZ 0901.4117 O B − L O X , Energy O X = X, X 2 O B − L = LH u , LLE c , QLD c , U c D c D c , M p ∼ 1 GeV Dark Matter Standard Model Inaccessibility Sunday, January 26, 14
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