T HE L INGUISTIC E FFECTS OF A C HANGING T IMBER I NDUSTRY L ANGUAGE C HANGE IN C OWLITZ C OUNTY , WA Joseph A. Stanley University of Georgia @joey_stan joeystanley.com The 4th Annual Linguistics Conference at UGA October 6, 2017 Athens, Georgia
C OWLITZ C OUNTY , W ASHINGTON Sparsely populated before 1920s Longview founded in 1923 R. A. Long Two large lumber mills Population ≈ 35,000 Right off I-5 Two hours south of Seattle One hour north of Portland 2 Introduction
The West “low homogeneity” and “low consistency” (Labov, Ash, Boberg 2006:277) cot-caught merger fronting of /u/ lack of Southern, Midland, and Canadian features 3 Background
P ACIFIC N ORTHWEST E NGLISH eg ( vague, plague, flagrant ) o ( low, sew, row, throw, mow, show, go, toe, know, doe ) ɛ g ( peg, legacy, integrity, segment ) æg ( dragon, snag, agony, brag, wagon, jaguar ) (Ward 2003, Becker et al. 2013, (Wassink et al. 2009, Freeman 2014, McLarty & Kendall 2014, Riebold 2015, Wassink 2015, Wassink 2016, etc.) Becker et al. 2016, etc.) 4 Background
H YPOTHESIS Linguistic changes happened because of the changing timber industry. 5 Background
M ETHODOLOGY
D ATA C OLLECTION 41 natives of Cowlitz County, ages 18–70s Num Number ber o of t tokens ens pre-velars 549 /o/ 348 29-item word list (see appendix slides) total 897 forced aligned with DARLA (Reddy & Stanford 2015) , which uses ProsodyLab (Gorman et al . 2011) and FAVE (Rosenfelder et al. 2014) A Praat script extracted formants at 15 points along vowel trajectories. Bark normalized measurements (Traunmüller 1997) Lobanov transformation not used because I’m not working with the full vowel space (Thomas & Kendall 2015) 7 Methodology
A NALYSIS Mixed-effects models (Baayen 2008) 275 275 lmer() in the R package lme4 (Bates et al. 2015) 250 250 250 250 Searched for the best breakpoint. 225 225 F1 F1 F1 F1 200 200 200 200 Appendix slides: 175 175 150 150 more detailed explanation of statistical methods 150 150 all model outputs 20 40 40 40 40 60 60 60 60 80 80 80 80 age age age age interpretation of each model 8 Methodology
L ANGUAGE C HANGE : P RE -V ELARS
P RE -V ELARS : D ISTRIBUTION Pre-velar tokens by all speakers k g bacon peg bacon bacon integrity flagrant segment bacon bacon flagrant bacon snag vague plague vague segment plague peg vague bacon bacon flagrant bacon plague segment bacon bacon bacon integrity vague flagrant bacon flagrant bacon vague legacy snag bacon segment segment flagrant vague legacy bacon legacy flagrant segment legacy segment integrity legacy bacon bacon vague flagrant legacy plague plague segment bacon deck peg peg segment 10 exit plague vague bacon bacon peg flagrant flagrant legacy legacy segment jaguar vague legacy plague plague legacy segment vague vague legacy flagrant bacon integrity segment exit integrity vague bacon peg bacon segment peg bacon regular regular legacy peg peg plague integrity segment peg bacon segment integrity segment peg legacy exit vague peg regular legacy snag flagrant plague brag legacy dragon integrity plague peg peg agony integrity integrity legacy bacon flagrant exit regular integrity regular vague peg segment flagrant regular rag flagrant bacon integrity rag vague peg wagon snag legacy flagrant peg plague wagon legacy exit agony vague vague integrity jaguar plague legacy vague regular jaguar legacy legacy flagrant segment bacon deck vague plague segment integrity segment deck plague peg BAG is raised to the wagon peg legacy integrity vague rag legacy legacy flagrant legacy regular integrity wagon dragon regular peg regular flagrant snag exit bacon regular peg rag wagon legacy integrity segment segment regular regular brag peg regular dragon regular plague integrity vague snag wagon segment plague peg regular integrity peg regular plague peg integrity plague deck deck regular integrity brag flagrant rag vague rag exit plague peg plague jaguar integrity deck exit exit exit segment integrity integrity integrity brag rag snag deck deck rag peg segment legacy exit brag brag jaguar exit exit exit deck jaguar dragon vague deck bacon integrity snag agony snag dragon agony jaguar snag rag deck deck regular agony jaguar brag integrity snag flagrant deck dragon brag integrity agony vague deck regular snag brag dragon rag rag snag vague regular segment regular peg wagon integrity snag deck black regular segment agony legacy agony agony brag plague / ɛ k/ space snag wagon flagrant dragon jaguar snag vague plague exit exit deck dragon snag deck jaguar jaguar exit exit exit dragon snag agony dragon deck snag jaguar dragon plague exit regular integrity brag dragon brag jaguar brag legacy vague plague snag plague exit wagon peg rag regular peg deck integrity segment wagon snag vague deck agony rag regular vague 8 brag rag snag plague height regular vague exit segment vague snag jaguar rag exit black jaguar wagon brag wagon rag agony rag plague black regular exit regular jaguar deck deck dragon plague brag deck integrity brag wagon vague agony legacy deck deck wagon vague deck black jaguar rag exit agony wagon dragon rag dragon exit exit dragon snag regular segment exit exit black wagon jaguar black brag rag dragon dragon flagrant jaguar plague plague black dragon plague wagon black dragon flagrant brag agony integrity segment wagon dragon brag wagon snag flagrant peg agony rag agony dragon brag rag jaguar brag black jaguar rag brag deck exit jaguar brag black wagon agony snag exit black black rag wagon dragon wagon black black exit wagon rag agony dragon wagon agony agony wagon flagrant black wagon brag deck agony agony brag regular brag jaguar snag black dragon jaguar black agony deck wagon rag jaguar dragon wagon jaguar agony legacy 6 deck black jaguar black dragon agony jaguar snag deck wagon rag brag jaguar dragon snag rag black jaguar brag jaguar brag variable jaguar snag rag dragon agony agony agony brag dragon black rag rag black agony agony snag black vague wagon rag a black wagon black black beg black black a black black black 4 bag a black 0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 backness 10 Results: Pre-Velars
Recommend
More recommend
