The SHIPO SMART Centre Scaling up new low cost Water solutions with training and demonstration Henk Holtslag Netherlands Walter Mgina Tanzania Holtslag.dapper @kpnmail.nl RWSN 2011
SMART Centre - Demonstration: New options, focus on low cost - Training : NGOs.Local private sector Production,O&M, marketing, ..
Propositions 1 To reduce poverty (MDG 1), it is more cost- effective to invest in self supply than communal water supply 2 To reduce water borne diseases it is more cost- effective to invest in point of use treatment than in centralised piped systems
New low cost options for Wells & boreholes Pumps Ground water recharge & storage Irrigation Treatment (Household level) Sanitation
Wells & Boreholes Underlining : Avoids collapsing Manual drilling : Rota sludge to 40 m, Baptist to 80 m
Pumps Treadle To 6 m, 1.5 mln. (irrigation) $15-120 Emas To 40 m. 20.000 in Bolivia, $20 - 80 Ropepump To 60 m. 110.000 worldwide $30 - 150 Blue pump To 100 m. 300-500 $2500
Rope pump cases Nicaragua : Now 90.000, Cost 3 x less, 90% works Ghana : 80% defect after 1 year.
Lessons learned For sustainability: Repairability Affordable, spares available, ownership Involve local private sector Profit based sustainability, create supply chains 3 C`s of marketing, Cost ,… , … Simple is not easy
Groundwater recharge & Storage Tube recharge; Cap. 10-100m3, Cost $5 -10 Wire cement tanks Cap 1 - 50m3, Cost $20 - 30/m3
Sanitatation & Hygiëne US slab ; Urine separation use for fertiliser Wash bottle: Families copy it, idea for schools
Point of Use water treatment Desinfection : Dispenser,Aquatab, Watasol,Plation,… Filters : Pot, life straw family, Swach, Siphon
— All ages Summary of Effectiveness — All ages Summary of Effectiveness Δ % Δ Intervention Type Estimate 95% CI of Heterogeneity* Intervention Type Estimate % 95% CI of Heterogeneity* Estimate Estimate (no. trials) (random) (1- -RR) RR) (Chi- -square) square) (no. trials) (random) (1 (Chi Source (6) 0.73 27% 0.53 to 1.01 p<0.00001 Source (6) 0.73 27% 0.53 to 1.01 p<0.00001 Household (32) 0.53 47% 0.39 to 0.73 p<0.00001 Household (32) 0.53 47% 0.39 to 0.73 p<0.00001 Filtration (6) 0.37 63% 0.28 to 0.49 p=0.56 Filtration (6) 0.37 63% 0.28 to 0.49 p=0.56 Chlorination (16) 0.63 37% 0.52 to 0.75 p<0.00001 Chlorination (16) 0.63 37% 0.52 to 0.75 p<0.00001 Solar Disinfection (2) 0.69 31% 0.63 to 0.74 p=0.73 Solar Disinfection (2) 0.69 31% 0.63 to 0.74 p=0.73 Flocc/Disinfection (7) /Disinfection (7) 0.48 52% 0.20 to 1.16 p<0.0001 Flocc 0.48 52% 0.20 to 1.16 p<0.0001 Flocc/Disinf (ex 0.69 31% 0.58 to 0.82 p=0.08 Flocc/Disinf 0.69 31% 0.58 to 0.82 p=0.08 (ex Doocy Doocy) ) Improved Storage (1) 0.79 21% 0.61 to 1.03 n.a. . Improved Storage (1) 0.79 21% 0.61 to 1.03 n.a * Note that in a test for heterogeneity, a low p-value (eg <0.10) suggests an actual underlying difference in effect between studies that is unlikely to be attributable to chance.
Bottom line; new low cost Solutions have much potential Bacteria in wells? HWT cost 0,1 to 1 $/cap yr Arsenic, salt water? Collect rainwater , Cost 20 — 30 $/m3 More water? - 3R, Retention, Recharge, Reuse - Hand drilling, locally produced pumps
Scaling up? Awareness, safe water = money 50% of hospital beds, waterborne diseases. Nicaragua; 1 mln $ in ropepumps increased GNP with 100 mln$. At household level; benefit of treatment up 60x investment. Role of NGOs , goverments Improve suppy chains More products, train local private sector. Basic water skills curriculum of vocational training, knowledge centres, Smart centres, Payment options No free gifts expet for emergencies. Use subsidies for awareness, supply chains Ideas of 300in6
Effect SHIPO SMART centre 20 trainers from 6 countries 12 private pump producers, well drillers 4000 rope pumps, 3500 wells, 400 boreholes, 15.000 water filters Cost reduction for water 40$ to 15$/cap
Information Booklets Smart series Water, Sanitation. Water harvesting Hygiëne Disinfection, Financing www.irc.org Videos, webinars www.waterchannel.tv.org Wikipedia water & sanitation www.AKVO.org
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