The Saxons Subdued
Figure: Litus saxonicum c. 380 (public domain: source)
Figure: Old Saxony c. 700 (public domain: source)
Figure: Frankish Empire 481–814 (CC-BY-SA: source)
The Conquest of Old Saxony tributary to Franks defeated ▶ 531: Franks and Saxons conquer Thuringia; Thuringian Saxons made ▶ 556, 632–33: warfare leads to temporary lifting of tribute ▶ 715: Saxons invade Frankish territories ▶ 718: Saxons driven from Frankish territories by Charles Martel ▶ 720, 738: Charles Martel invades Saxony, imposes tribute ▶ 743: Eastern Saxons revolt against Frankish overlordship, are ▶ 748: Thuringian Saxons revolt, are defeated ▶ 772: Charlemagne declares war, invades, destroys Irminsul ▶ 774: Saxons rise up ▶ 775: Charlemagne defeats Saxons, exacts fealty ▶ 775, 776, 778: various uprisings ▶ 782: Saxony annexed; Capitulatio de partibus Saxoniae issued ▶ 785: Widukind baptized ▶ 797: Capitulare Saxonicum issued ▶ 803: Lex Saxonum issued ▶ 804: Definitive incorporation into Carolingian Empire
Sacred Trees Figure: Boniface and Thor’s Oak (public Figure: Charlemagne and the Irminsul (public domain; source) Figure: Yggdrasill (public domain; source) domain; source) → Ari Hoptmann on the history of the Christmas tree ←
Bibliography Chatháin, Próinséas Ní and Michael Richter, eds. Irland und die Christenheit / Ireland and Christendom: Bibelstudien und Mission / The Cusack, Carole M. Conversion Among the Germanic Peoples . London and New York: Cassell, 1998. Print. Cassell Religious Studies. Palmer, James T. Anglo-Saxons in a Frankish World, 690–900 . Turnhout: Brepols, 2009. Print. Studies in the Early Middle Ages 19. Russell, James C. The Germanization of Early Medieval Christianity: A Sociohistorical Approach to Religious Transformation . New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994. Print. Bible and the Missions . Stuttgart: Klett, 1987. Print.
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