NEW YORK STATE STANDARD 7.3 AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE: Growing tensions over political power and economic issues sparked a movement for independence from Great Britain. New York played a critical role in the course and outcome of the American Revolution. The Road to 7.3a Conflicts between France and Great Britain in the 17th and 18th centuries in North America altered the relationship between the colonies and Great Britain. ➢ Students will locate battles fought between France and Great Britain during the 17th and 18th centuries, and how this led Revolution to the importance of British troops in the area of New York. ➢ Students will examine how Native Americans attempted to maintain a diplomatic balance between themselves and the (1745-1776) French and the English settlers. ➢ Students will examine the changing economic relationship between the colonies and Great Britain, including mercantilism and the practice of salutary neglect. ➢ Students will identify the issues stemming from the Zenger Trial that affected the development of individual rights in colonial America. 7.3b Stemming from the French and Indian War, the British government enacted and attempted to enforce new political and economic policies in the colonies. These policies triggered varied colonial responses, including protests and dissent. ➢ Students will investigate the Albany Congress and the Albany Plan of Union as a plan for colonial unification. ➢ Students will examine actions taken by the British, including the Proclamation of 1763, the Quartering Act, the Stamp Act, the Tea Act, and the colonial responses to those actions. ➢ Students will compare British and colonial patriot portrayals of the Boston Massacre. ➢ Students will examine the events at Lexington and Concord as the triggering events for the Revolutionary War. ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS: 1.What conflicts altered the relationship between the colonists and Great Britain? 2. Why did people rebel against their government in the colonies? 3. How can we justify disobedience of laws? Slides by Mr. 4.How did the enlightenment influence specific principals of government? Zindman 5.What was the significance of the battles in Lexington and Concord? ENDURING UNDERSTANDINGS: To understand the present and make plans for the future, you must understand the past. I CAN STATEMENTS: I can explain what factors played a critical role in the road to the American Revolution. I can explain what attempts at a representative government were made by the colonists under British law. I can explain the significance of the battles of Bunker Hill, Concord, and Lexington. LANGUAGE OBJECTIVE: 1.To determine the central idea from an informational text 1 2.To determine the topic and supporting details from a text.
1 .What conflicts altered the relationship between the colonists and Great Britain? Explain your answer . ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 2. Why did people rebel against their government in the colonies? How can we justify disobedience of laws? ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 3. How did the enlightenment influence specific principals of government? ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 4. What was the significance of the battles in Lexington and Concord? ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 2
British Policies in the Colonies Salutary Neglect Salutary neglect was a British policy of avoiding strict enforcement of parliamentary laws, meant to keep the American colonies obedient to Great Britain . Prime Minister Robert Walpole stated that "If no restrictions were placed on the colonies, they would flourish". This policy, which lasted from about 1607 to 1763, allowed the enforcement of trade relations laws to be lenient. Salutary Neglect policy stated: 1.England's beneficial policy of not interfering with its American colonies 2.The British policy of tightly controlling colonial trade 3.The colonial disregard for the Church of England 4.The lack of care for slaves on the Middle Passage The British believed that the purpose of the colonies was to benefit England, the mother country. This concept of colonies supporting the mother country is known as mercantilism. I can explain what factors played a critical role in the road to the American Revolution. I can explain what attempts at a representative government were made by the colonists under British law. I can explain the significance of the battles of 3 Bunker Hill, Concord, and Lexington.
The Zenger Trial The trial of John Peter Zenger, legal proceeding during the 1730s that helped form the political belief in the United States that citizens have the right to freely criticize their government. The case also fostered the idea of freedom of the press . In 1735 a jury in colonial New York found German American newspaper publisher and printer John Peter Zenger not guilty of the crime of seditious libel — that is, the communication of information intended to cause dissatisfaction with the government or other authorities. In his newspaper, the New York Weekly Journal, Zenger had published articles criticizing the governor of the colony. The jury acquitted him on the grounds that what he had printed was true. Although the case did not create new legal precedent or immediately change the law of libel, it became the most important political trial of the period before the American Revolution. In 1736 Zenger published an account of the trial, bringing the arguments in favor of journalistic freedom to the attention of readers throughout the American colonies, as well as readers in other British colonies and in England. I can explain what factors played a critical role in the road to the American Revolution. I can explain what attempts at a representative government were made by the colonists under British law. I can explain the significance of the battles of Bunker Hill, Concord, and Lexington. 4
How did the British gain French territory in the 1. Trouble on the Frontier Americas? A series of wars had left England deeply in debt. A debt is an amount of money owed by a person or an organization. To raise money to repay their debt, Parliament decided to tax the colonies. Colonists were outraged. They saw the Parliaments action as an attack on their civil liberties. As time went by anger in the colonies spread. By 1775, it became clear to many that war could only settle the quarrel with England What do you mean you won’t pay American colonists your taxes! tarring and I can explain what factors played a critical role in the road to the American Revolution. I can explain what feathering a tax- attempts at a representative government were made by collector. the colonists under British law. I can explain the 5 significance of the battles of Bunker Hill, Concord, and Lexington.
Rivalry in North America In June 1749, the Governor of New France sent a group of men to the Ohio Valley. They hung metal plates on trees that proclaimed that the land belonged to France. At the same time, Christopher Gist , a Virginia fur trader roamed the Ohio Valley. Gist was summoned by the king to find a good settlement. On February 1751, he carved his claim to the land on the Allegheny and Ohio Rivers . This set the stage for a battle between France and England over the control of the Ohio River Valley. I can explain what factors played a critical role in the road to the American Revolution. I can explain what attempts at a representative government were made by the colonists under British law. I can explain the significance of the battles of Christopher Bunker Hill, Concord, and 6 Lexington. Gist
Competing Empires By the mid- 1700’s, the worldwide nations were locked in a worldwide struggle for the Americas. France, Spain, England and the Netherlands were in competition for trade in the new colonies. By the Late 1600’s, England had two rivals in North America (Spain and France.) The major threat from Spain was the West Indies and along the border between Georgia and Spanish Florida. Spain clashed in these areas because they had no settlements there. Spain had settlements in New Mexico, Texas and Arizona. I want the Americas for Spain! I can explain what factors played a critical role in the road to the American Revolution. I can explain what attempts at a representative government were made by the colonists under British law. I can explain the significance of the battles of Bunker Hill, Concord, and 7 Lexington.
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