THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MIGRATION AND COMMUTING AT CURITIBA METROPOLITAN REGION (CMR) AND ITS INTERACTION WITH THE LABOR MARKET. Crislaine Colla - Department of Demography - Cedeplar – UFMG Alisson Flávio Barbieri - Department of Demography - Cedeplar – UFMG Vanessa Cardoso Ferreira - Department of Demography - Cedeplar – UFMG This work was developed with the support of CNPq and Cedeplar XXVIII IUSSP International Population Conference in Poster Session “ Migration and Urbanization” – 30 th October 2017 Abstract: The objective of this article is to identify the relationship between migration and commuting at Curitiba Metropolitan Region (CMR), considering the interaction of the labor market and the distribution of economic activities between the years 2000 and 2010. The analysis of migration and commuting used the microdata from the IBGE Demographic Census of 2000 and 2010. Information about the labor market is collected through the employment data of 2000 and 2010. To better understand the location of activities and employment, and if the changes that have occurred are characterized as activities restructuring or redistribution at CMR, we calculated the Redistributing Coefficient and Restructuring Coefficient. The results found in the migration show a reduction of intra-metropolitan migration between 2000 and 2010 and the municipality of Curitiba is the one with the highest emigration. The intra-metropolitan commuting movement for work shows a significant increase between 2000 and 2010, and the municipality that receives the major commuting movement is Curitiba. The results found the coefficients shows that there are no significant changes in the spatial distribution of activities or in the productive structure, indicating that factors other than the labor market would be significant to explain the relationship between migration and commuting. Key words: Curitiba Metropolitan Region, igration; commuting; labor market.
1. INTRODUCTION The demographic modifications occurring in the Brazilian metropolitan regions, especially when it comes to migration and commuting, require the understanding of other processes, especially those related to urban dynamics and the labor market. These, in turn, are closely related to the configuration of urban network and metropolitan regions. These regions has presented modifications over the last decades, mainly since 1980, which also configured changes in the location and distribution of economic activities and people. Urbanization and metropolization processes, evidenced by industrialization, bring great modifications in the organization of urban space, which results in effects on the mobility of individuals. According to Pereira (2008), until the 1950s and 1960s, urban networks were dispersed and poorly articulated. Until the 1970s there was a large population concentration in bigger centers and migration was predominantly long distance and rural-urban. Starting in the 1970s and 1980s, the national urban scene experiences changes such as the loss of attractiveness of large centers to medium-sized cities (especially in the metropolitan margins). Besides short-distance and intra- metropolitan migration is highlighted. Furthermore, according to the author, changes in urban dynamics, also related to advances in technology of transports, impacted urban structure by affecting the spatial re(localization) of productive activities and also of residential areas. Curitiba Metropolitan Region (CMR) is located in the Southern Region of Brazil, in the state of Paraná, and has also suffered transformations, as well as a large part of Brazilian urban agglomerations (Figure 1). The CMR was created by a federal law in 1973 and today it is composed of 29 municipalities. Curitiba (Capital of the State of Paraná) is the main destination of the migrants of the state and also presents the largest flows of commuters Paraná. Curitiba also has a diversified industrial structure with the presence of the main modern industrial segments of metal-mechanics and a more complex tertiary sector.
Figure 1: Map of Curitiba Metropolitan Region Since the 1990s, a phenomenon widely observed in large metropolise is the trend of higher growth in peripheral municipalities, with population evasion from the capitals (core) to the metropolitan periphery, here called metropolitan surroundings. Great population dispersion in being observed associated with changes in urban structure and the labor market (Brito 2007; Silva 2012). Curitiba Metropolitan Region also went through this process, in which the municipalities around the CMR have received incentives for the installation of industries, including the automotive sector. These changes characterize a productive reconfiguration in the region. Some surrounding municipalities had a relative increase of jobs, comparing with the central city, in addition to attracting more immigrants and commuters. The ongoing transformations bring a great number of effects on metropolitan dynamics as a whole, especially in the spatial configuration of activities. This configuration is closely associated with the distribution of jobs, which is one of the main conditioning factors for migration and population mobility. However, this same configuration leads to separation between work place and place of residence, emphasizing the importance of commuting as a mobility option. In the metropolitan regions, the migration and commuting of the population are very important characteristics and are crucial factors. Besisdes it can be used to
characterize the process of metropolization, as well as can be adopeted as criterion to identify the integration between the municipalities. While studying the types of mobility, it is observed that there is a relationship between migration and commuting, which can be of substitution or complementarity. When we deal with the process of choosing between migration and commuting and their interaction, we express the location decision between the work place and residence place. But these choices are influenced by changes in the process of urban dynamics, which will have an impact on the urban structure and the labor market. In turn, urban structure and labor market interact to consolidate migratory flows and commuting movements. However, it should be consider that changes in the location of activities and jobs do not completely explain migration and commuting. Besides the specificities of the housing market and other factors in the urban structure would have a greater effect on the mobility of metropolitan regions. and would be the main links between migration and commuting. Analyzing the relationship between migration and commuting requires the identification of the effects of residential deconcentration, the regional restructuring of economic activities and the primary factor that determines the mobility. Considereing the changes occurred, the mobility scenario, and the structure of the urban space in the CMR, the aim of this paper is identify the relationship and interaction between migration and commuting in the CMR. These aspects will be related to the evolution of the labor market and the distribution of economic activities among the 2000 and 2010. Besides it is intendet to observe whether the spatial reconfiguration of activities and jobs would be the main constraints of intra-metropolitan mobility. 2. THE RELATION OF MIGRATION, COMMUTING AND LABOR MARKET The transformation and creation of the Brazilian Metropolitan Regions (MRs) are the result of many actors and variables that, together, determine the socio-spatial organization of the population and productive activities. The organization of the territory and its interaction are important characteristic of the metropolises and the urban agglomerations.
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