The Power of L A T EX: Typing Mathematics Easily Anders O. F . - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

The Problem The Solution: T EX Pros and Cons Writing as Programming Peculiarities of T EX programming Conclusion The Power of L A T EX: Typing Mathematics Easily Anders O. F . Hendrickson Concordia College Moorhead, MN Math/CS Colloquium January 25, 2011

The Problem The Solution: T EX Pros and Cons Writing as Programming Peculiarities of T EX programming Conclusion Outline The Problem 1 The Solution: T EX 2 Pros and Cons 3 Writing as Programming 4 5 Peculiarities of T EX programming Conclusion 6

The Problem The Solution: T EX Pros and Cons Writing as Programming Peculiarities of T EX programming Conclusion The Question Question: You want to type some math for a printed paper or journal or book. How hard could that be?

The Problem The Solution: T EX Pros and Cons Writing as Programming Peculiarities of T EX programming Conclusion The Problem: Symbols Question: How many symbols does it take to print a novel? Answer: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ About 78 or so. abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz .,:;?!’"$%&()*-/0123456789

The Problem The Solution: T EX Pros and Cons Writing as Programming Peculiarities of T EX programming Conclusion The Problem: Symbols Question: How many symbols does it take to print a novel? Answer: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ About 78 or so. abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz .,:;?!’"$%&()*-/0123456789

The Problem The Solution: T EX Pros and Cons Writing as Programming Peculiarities of T EX programming Conclusion The Problem: Symbols Question: How many symbols does it take to print mathematics? Answer: All of the above, and

The Problem The Solution: T EX Pros and Cons Writing as Programming Peculiarities of T EX programming Conclusion The Problem: Symbols Question: How many symbols does it take to print mathematics? Answer: All of the above, and

The Problem The Solution: T EX Pros and Cons Writing as Programming Peculiarities of T EX programming Conclusion The Problem: Symbols Question: How many symbols does it take to print mathematics? Answer: All of the above, and αβγδεζηθικλµν o ξπρστυϕχψω

The Problem The Solution: T EX Pros and Cons Writing as Programming Peculiarities of T EX programming Conclusion The Problem: Symbols Question: How many symbols does it take to print mathematics? Answer: All of the above, and αβγδεζηθικλµν o ξπρστυϕχψω Γ∆ΘΛΞΠΣΥΦΨΩ

The Problem The Solution: T EX Pros and Cons Writing as Programming Peculiarities of T EX programming Conclusion The Problem: Symbols Question: How many symbols does it take to print mathematics? Answer: All of the above, and αβγδεζηθικλµν o ξπρστυϕχψω Γ∆ΘΛΞΠΣΥΦΨΩ ∞ ∂ ℵ∀∃ ∅

The Problem The Solution: T EX Pros and Cons Writing as Programming Peculiarities of T EX programming Conclusion The Problem: Symbols Question: How many symbols does it take to print mathematics? Answer: All of the above, and αβγδεζηθικλµν o ξπρστυϕχψω Γ∆ΘΛΞΠΣΥΦΨΩ ∞ ∂ ℵ∀∃ ∅ NZQRCHOFK . . .

The Problem The Solution: T EX Pros and Cons Writing as Programming Peculiarities of T EX programming Conclusion The Problem: Symbols Question: How many symbols does it take to print mathematics? Answer: All of the above, and αβγδεζηθικλµν o ξπρστυϕχψω Γ∆ΘΛΞΠΣΥΦΨΩ ∞ ∂ ℵ∀∃ ∅ NZQRCHOFK . . . < ≤ > ≥⊂⊃⊆⊇∈ = ≡∼ = � = �≡�∼ = ⊳ � ⊳ [] {}⌊⌋

The Problem The Solution: T EX Pros and Cons Writing as Programming Peculiarities of T EX programming Conclusion The Problem: Symbols Question: How many symbols does it take to print mathematics? Answer: All of the above, and αβγδεζηθικλµν o ξπρστυϕχψω Γ∆ΘΛΞΠΣΥΦΨΩ ∞ ∂ ℵ∀∃ ∅ NZQRCHOFK . . . < ≤ > ≥⊂⊃⊆⊇∈ = ≡∼ = � = �≡�∼ = ⊳ � ⊳ [] {}⌊⌋ + − × ÷ ± ∓ ⊕ ⊖ ⊗ ⊙ ∧ ∨ ∩∪

The Problem The Solution: T EX Pros and Cons Writing as Programming Peculiarities of T EX programming Conclusion The Problem: Symbols Question: How many symbols does it take to print mathematics? Answer: All of the above, and αβγδεζηθικλµν o ξπρστυϕχψω Γ∆ΘΛΞΠΣΥΦΨΩ ∞ ∂ ℵ∀∃ ∅ NZQRCHOFK . . . < ≤ > ≥⊂⊃⊆⊇∈ = ≡∼ = � = �≡�∼ = ⊳ � ⊳ [] {}⌊⌋ + − × ÷ ± ∓ ⊕ ⊖ ⊗ ⊙ ∧ ∨ ∩∪ →⇒⇔ ֒ → ։

The Problem The Solution: T EX Pros and Cons Writing as Programming Peculiarities of T EX programming Conclusion The Problem: Symbols Question: How many symbols does it take to print mathematics? Answer: All of the above, and αβγδεζηθικλµν o ξπρστυϕχψω Γ∆ΘΛΞΠΣΥΦΨΩ ∞ ∂ ℵ∀∃ ∅ NZQRCHOFK . . . < ≤ > ≥⊂⊃⊆⊇∈ = ≡∼ = � = �≡�∼ = ⊳ � ⊳ [] {}⌊⌋ + − × ÷ ± ∓ ⊕ ⊖ ⊗ ⊙ ∧ ∨ ∩∪ →⇒⇔ ֒ → ։ . . .

The Problem The Solution: T EX Pros and Cons Writing as Programming Peculiarities of T EX programming Conclusion The Problem: Arrangement When printing a novel, all the letters go one right after the other in nice even rows. When printing mathematics, . . .

The Problem The Solution: T EX Pros and Cons Writing as Programming Peculiarities of T EX programming Conclusion The Problem: Arrangement When printing a novel, all the letters go one right after the other in nice even rows. When printing mathematics, . . .

The Problem The Solution: T EX Pros and Cons Writing as Programming Peculiarities of T EX programming Conclusion The Problem: Arrangement When printing a novel, all the letters go one right after the other in nice even rows. When printing mathematics, . . .   � 51 times x 2 + 7 x − 5 � 5 � ∞ � a i x i + � �� �  + 3 + y · y · y · y · · · y  log 5 x 3 i = 1

The Problem The Solution: T EX Pros and Cons Writing as Programming Peculiarities of T EX programming Conclusion The Problem: Symbols that stretch and shrink √ √ b 2 − 4 ac , not b 2 − 4 ac We want � sin x � 2 And ( sin x cos x ) 2 looks funny too; we want cos x The fraction line in n ( n − 1 )( n − 2 ) · · · 3 · 2 · 1 must stretch. k ( k − 1 ) · · · 3 · 2 · 1 √ √ 17, not 3 3 We want x 5 , not x 5, and 17. And what about x i k vs. x ik ?

The Problem The Solution: T EX Pros and Cons Writing as Programming Peculiarities of T EX programming Conclusion The Problem: Symbols that stretch and shrink √ √ b 2 − 4 ac , not b 2 − 4 ac We want � sin x � 2 And ( sin x cos x ) 2 looks funny too; we want cos x The fraction line in n ( n − 1 )( n − 2 ) · · · 3 · 2 · 1 must stretch. k ( k − 1 ) · · · 3 · 2 · 1 √ √ 17, not 3 3 We want x 5 , not x 5, and 17. And what about x i k vs. x ik ?

The Problem The Solution: T EX Pros and Cons Writing as Programming Peculiarities of T EX programming Conclusion The Problem: Symbols that stretch and shrink √ √ b 2 − 4 ac , not b 2 − 4 ac We want � sin x � 2 And ( sin x cos x ) 2 looks funny too; we want cos x The fraction line in n ( n − 1 )( n − 2 ) · · · 3 · 2 · 1 must stretch. k ( k − 1 ) · · · 3 · 2 · 1 √ √ 17, not 3 3 We want x 5 , not x 5, and 17. And what about x i k vs. x ik ?

The Problem The Solution: T EX Pros and Cons Writing as Programming Peculiarities of T EX programming Conclusion The Problem: Symbols that stretch and shrink √ √ b 2 − 4 ac , not b 2 − 4 ac We want � sin x � 2 And ( sin x cos x ) 2 looks funny too; we want cos x The fraction line in n ( n − 1 )( n − 2 ) · · · 3 · 2 · 1 must stretch. k ( k − 1 ) · · · 3 · 2 · 1 √ √ 17, not 3 3 We want x 5 , not x 5, and 17. And what about x i k vs. x ik ?

The Problem The Solution: T EX Pros and Cons Writing as Programming Peculiarities of T EX programming Conclusion The Problem: Symbols that stretch and shrink √ √ b 2 − 4 ac , not b 2 − 4 ac We want � sin x � 2 And ( sin x cos x ) 2 looks funny too; we want cos x The fraction line in n ( n − 1 )( n − 2 ) · · · 3 · 2 · 1 must stretch. k ( k − 1 ) · · · 3 · 2 · 1 √ √ 17, not 3 3 We want x 5 , not x 5, and 17. And what about x i k vs. x ik ?

The Problem The Solution: T EX Pros and Cons Writing as Programming Peculiarities of T EX programming Conclusion The Problem: Spacing Contrast 3 − 5 with 3 − 5. But in a negation, − 7 looks better than − 7. � And compare cos xdx � cos x dx � cos x dx

The Problem The Solution: T EX Pros and Cons Writing as Programming Peculiarities of T EX programming Conclusion The Problem: Spacing Contrast 3 − 5 with 3 − 5. But in a negation, − 7 looks better than − 7. � And compare cos xdx � cos x dx � cos x dx

The Problem The Solution: T EX Pros and Cons Writing as Programming Peculiarities of T EX programming Conclusion The Problem: Spacing Contrast 3 − 5 with 3 − 5. But in a negation, − 7 looks better than − 7. � And compare cos xdx � cos x dx � cos x dx

The Problem The Solution: T EX Pros and Cons Writing as Programming Peculiarities of T EX programming Conclusion Some Solutions