The Jet Kinematics of FSRQ 1928+738 Kunwoo Lee, Jongho Park, Sascha - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

The Jet Kinematics of FSRQ 1928+738 Kunwoo Lee, Jongho Park, Sascha Trippe Seoul National University

Basic Info of FSRQ 1928+738 MOJAVE 15 GHz Common Name : 4C +73.18 ● z ~ 0.302 ● Flat Spectrum Radio Quasar ● S 43 > 3 Jy ● 8.57 M sol M BH ∼ 10 ● Known to have large viewing angle ● ~13 deg (e.g. Hovatta 2009) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/astro/MOJAVE /sourcepages/1928+738.shtml

Jet Bending Lister & Homan (2005) Roland et al (2015) One of the major bending sources ! One of the binary SMBH candidates!

KaVA Monitoring (2017.02 ~ ) ● KaVA 43GHz Intensity Map ● KaVA 43GHz UV plane

KaVA Monitoring (2017.02 ~ ) ● KaVA 43GHz Intensity Map 5 Jet regions - Core a : innermost region 1mas = 4.4pc τ∼ 1 - Core b : recollimation shock (& Knot A) - Knot B : downstream jet component - Knot C : downstream jet component - Knot D : downstream jet component

KaVA Result – Core a τ∼ 1 stationary surface →jet ejection region → new ejection soon?

KaVA Result – Core b & Knot A The brightest region →knot, passing through a recollimation shock

KaVA Result – Core b & Knot A The brightest region →knot, passing through a recollimation shock

KaVA Result – Core b & Knot A The brightest region →knot, passing through a recollimation shock

KaVA Result – Knot B 2 nd brightest component →recently passed the recollimation shock

KaVA Result – Knot C The weakest region →knot lost most of its energy → seems natural

KaVA Result – Knot D 2 nd weakest region 3 S intr D ≿ S C =δ C 3 S intr C S D =δ D → Doppler boosted !! → bending towards LOS

Main Results – (1) Apparent Velocity 1 δ= γ( 1 −β cos θ) β sin θ β app = ( 1 −β cos θ) Separation from core [mas] 2 +δ 2 + 1 γ var =β app 2 δ 2 β app θ var = arctan 2 +δ 2 − 1 β app

Main Results – (1) Apparent Velocity 1 δ= γ( 1 −β cos θ) β sin θ β app = ( 1 −β cos θ) 2 +δ 2 + 1 γ var =β app β app increasesasa functionof distance!! 2 δ why ? decreasing θ ? ? 2 β app θ var = arctan 2 +δ → Derive δ !! 2 − 1 β app

Main Results – (2) Doppler factor c Δ t obs = c ( 1 + z )Δ t intr δ c x (flux decay time in obs frame) sD L = c x (shrank light travel time) δ var = c Δ t decay ( 1 + z ) = (physical size of knot) ● Jorstad et al. (05, 17) sD L 2 = c Δ t intr ( 1 + z ) Ex) Knot B

Main Results – (2) Doppler factor 1 δ= γ( 1 −β cos θ) β sin θ β app = ( 1 −β cos θ) Separation from core [mas] Separation from core [mas] 2 +δ 2 + 1 γ var =β app 2 δ sD L δ var = c Δ t var ( 1 + z ) 2 β app θ var = arctan 2 +δ 2 − 1 β app τ decay = 1.3 ×τ rising Valtaoja et al (1999)

Main Results – (2) Doppler factor 1 δ= γ( 1 −β cos θ) β sin θ β app = ( 1 −β cos θ) Separation from core [mas] Separation from core [mas] 2 +δ 2 + 1 γ var =β app 2 δ β app , δ var increasesasa functionof distance!! 2 β app θ var = arctan 2 +δ 2 − 1 β app

Main Results – (3) Viewing angle 1 δ= γ( 1 −β cos θ) β sin θ β app = ( 1 −β cos θ) ~13deg 2 β app 2 +δ θ var = arctan 2 +δ (H09) 2 + 1 γ var =β app 2 − 1 β app 2 δ β app , δ var increases asa functionof distance!! θ o decreases as a functionof distance !! Separation from core [mas]

Main Results – (3) Viewing angle 1 δ= γ( 1 −β cos θ) β sin θ β app = ( 1 −β cos θ) 2 β app 2 +δ θ var = arctan 2 +δ 2 + 1 γ var =β app 2 − 1 β app 2 δ LOS Separation from core [mas]

Main Results – (4) Lorentz factor 1 δ= γ( 1 −β cos θ) β sin θ β app = ( 1 −β cos θ) 2 β app 2 +δ θ var = arctan 2 +δ 2 + 1 γ var =β app 2 − 1 β app 2 δ

Main Results – (4) Lorentz factor Accelerating β sin θ β app = ( 1 −β cos θ) Bending towards LOS Not only bending, but also accelerating !!

Main Results – (5) Half Opening angle θ∝ 1 Γ θ proj = arctan ( s t s l = R ( separation ) ) s l s t = R × sin ( | PA − PA | )+ r tan θ op = tan θ proj sin θ o θ op decreases as afunction of distance !! Under collimation !!

Discussion – Acceleration & Collimation 6 R s ( HST − 1, M 87 ) 6 ∼ 8 R s ( S , 1 H 0323 + 342 ) Observation (M87+) z ∼ 10 z ∼ 10 Jet structure transits, Parabolic jet (being collimated) → Conical jet (ballistic) ● Asada & Nakamura (2012), Nakamura & Asada (2013), Algaba+ (2017), Hada+ (2018) Theory Magnetically dominated parabolic jet with bulk acceleration → conical jet with slow deceleration Potter & Cotter (2013) Accelerating & Collimating at (0~5 mas)! Decelerating at (~10 mas)?? KaVA 43GHz KaVA 22GHz

Summary of the Jet Kinematics The jet of 1928+738 is bending, moreover, bending towards our line of sight !! The jet of 1928+738 is accelerating & being collimated !! ● (at 0 ~ 5 mas region) → Excellent laboratory for studying ‘Acceleration’ & ‘Collimation’ & ‘Bending’ ● ● How about outer regions? ● (at ~ 10 mas region) → further study with KaVA 22GHz

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Discussion – Acceleration & Collimation 1 δ= γ( 1 −β cos θ) β cos θ β app = ( 1 −β cos θ) 2 +δ 2 + 1 γ var =β app 2 δ LOS Separation from core [mas]

Discussion – Acceleration & Collimation 6 R s ( HST − 1, M 87 ) 6 ∼ 8 R s ( S , 1 H 0323 + 342 ) Observation (M87+) z ∼ 10 z ∼ 10 Jet structure transits, Parabolic jet (being collimated) → Conical jet (ballistic) ● Asada & Nakamura (2012), Nakamura & Asada (2013), Algaba+ (2017), Hada+ (2018) Theory Magnetically dominated parabolic jet with bulk acceleration → conical jet with slow deceleration Potter & Cotter (2013) Accelerating & Collimating at (0~5 mas)! Decelerating at (~10 mas)?? KaVA 43GHz KaVA 22GHz

Discussion – Acceleration & Collimation 6 R s ( HST − 1, M 87 ) 6 ∼ 8 R s ( S , 1 H 0323 + 342 ) Observation (M87+) z ∼ 10 z ∼ 10 Jet structure transits, Parabolic jet (being collimated) → Conical jet (ballistic) ● Asada & Nakamura (2012), Nakamura & Asada (2013), Algaba+ (2017), Hada+ (2018) Theory Magnetically dominated parabolic jet with bulk acceleration → conical jet with slow deceleration Potter & Cotter (2013) Accelerating & Collimating at (0~5 mas)! Decelerating at (~10 mas)?? KaVA 43GHz KaVA 22GHz

Summary of the Jet Kinematics 1928+738 is bending, moreover, towards our line of sight !! 1928+738 is accelerating & being collimated !! ● (at 0 ~ 5 mas region) How about outer regions? ● (at ~ 10 mas region) → further study with KaVA 22GHz ● How about inner regions? (at

Discussion – Position Angle 1 δ= γ( 1 −β cos θ) 2 +δ 2 + 1 γ var =β app 2 δ 2 β app θ var = arctan 2 +δ 2 − 1 β app

Discussion – Outlier? Accretion rate – Variability timescale log ( t intr )= 1.88 → 3.15 Not a true outlier ? ● It seems to be ● a fundamental relation Park & Trippe (2017)

Summary 1928+738 is not a true outlier of ● ‘accretion rate – variability timescale’ relation 1928+738 is bending, ● moreover, towards our line of sight !! 1928+738 is accelerating & collimating !! ● (at 0 ~ 5 mas region) How about outer regions? ● (at ~ 10 mas region) → further study

Main Results – (6) Position angle 1 δ= γ( 1 −β cos θ) 2 +δ 2 + 1 γ var =β app 2 δ 2 β app θ var = arctan 2 +δ 2 − 1 β app