The Integrated Water Resources Management Institutional building and training, the IWRM project Ingrid Nesheim (NIVA), Toe Aung, Bo Ni (WMD, FD), Zaw Lwin Tun (IWUMD) Nay Pyi Taw, February 14 th 2018 Ingrid Nesheim 19.02.2018 1
Short about The IWRM project (2015-2018) 1. To pilot the River Basin Management Approach in the Sittaung River Basin, case study Bago Sub-basin 2. Rehabilitation and instrumentation of the laboratory at Forest Research Institute, NPT . 3. Development of ecological water quality criteria 4. Monitoring in Inlay Lake 5. Water Quality Database including server Background: Environment Cooperation between Myanmar and Norway. Regarding water management, the collaboration is between MONREC and NIVA. MOALI and MOTC are in the project’s steering group. NIVA, Norwegian Institute for Water Research is Norway’s leading multidisciplinary research institute in the field of use and protection of water bodies and water quality Ingrid Nesheim 19.02.2018 2
The IWRM project (2015-2018) To pilot the River Basin Management Approach in the Sittaung River Basin, case study Bago Sub-basin Background: Environment Cooperation between Myanmar and Norway. Regarding water management, the collaboration is between MONREC and NIVA. MOALI and MOTC are in the project’s steering group. NIVA, Norwegian Institute for Water Research is Norway’s leading multidisciplinary research institute in the field of use and protection of water bodies and water quality Ingrid Nesheim 19.02.2018 3
Myanmar National Water Framework Directive ( NWFD ) – Directive (1): Good status for all ground water and surface water Directive (2): National Water Budget; “good quantitative status” Directive (3): The ecological and chemical status (Water Quality Monitoring) Directive (4): State and Regional Governments "to encourage the active involvement of interested parties" Directive (5): All basins in Myanmar need River Basin Development Plans. Directive (6): Transgressions, “i t has a place as precautionary principle/section. Ingrid Nesheim 19.02.2018 4
A system to measure ecological status of rivers Typically higher species diversity, and species sensitive to oxygen demand Lower species diversity, loss of pollution sensitive species Low species diversity – species present low oxygen demand Ecological status is based on biology, but use hydromorphology and chemical substances as supportive elements. Chemical status is evaluated based on concentrations of chemical substances that are dangerous to humans and animals. Ingrid Nesheim 19.02.2018 5
Macroinvertebrates indicator species in rivers 6
Eichornia crassipes Mac rophytes indicator species (photo: A. Ballot) in lakes Pistia stratiotes (photo: A. Ballot) Salvinia cucullata (photo: A.Ballot) Euryale ferox (photo: M. Mjelde) Marit Mjelde 14.11.2017 7 Ceratophyllum demersum (photo: A. Ballot)
Phytoplankton indicator species in lakes Cyanobacteria Dinoflagellates Green Algae Diatoms Andreas Ballot 19.02.2018 8
ECOLOGICAL The chemical water quality element STATUS high good moderate poor Table: Boundaries for total nitrogen (TN) in Norway . bad Ingrid Nesheim 19.02.2018 9
Hydromorphology 10
IWRM and the river basin management approach coordinated water management for • surface waters, the marine influence area and ground waters within a river basin ; across administrative borders like • states, regions, towns, and municipalities • Integration of sector authorities, experts and disciplines, involvement of stakeholders - and the of use common thresholds and environmental standards To develop a holistic River Basin Management Plan Ingrid Nesheim 19.02.2018 11
Delineation of an administrative Sittaung River Basin Upper, Middle and Lower Sittaung Sub-basin Areas were identifed in two workshops in 2015. These are units for practical water management tasks based on coordination and involvment . The Bago River Sub-basin are a case study area for pilot testing the river basin management approach. Ingrid Nesheim 19.02.2018 12
Piloting the river basin administrative approach in Bago Bago Sub-basin Area Committee, the Bago MONREC minister was • elected as chair person, Directors of Bago FD, ID DWIR were elected as secretaries. Four meetings organized. Bago Non-governmental Stakeholder Group meetings , a the arena • for regional particpiation. Three meetings organized. Three secretaries have been elected. Four meetings organized. The aim is to develop a holistic Bago Sub-basin Area management plan • for the improvement of the ecological status of waters. 19.02.2018 13
Development of a Bago Sub-basin Water Management Plan Timeline for different Dat steps e Characterization and 2015 - classification Conti (monitoring) nous Prioritized water 2016 management issues Environmental aims of 2016 water body types Abatement measures 2017 Prioritization of 2017 abatement measures - 2018 Ingrid Nesheim 19.02.2018 14
The Bago Sub-basin – water quality monitoring since 2015 Characterization of Bago Sub-basin Chemical, biological and hydro-morphological • monitoring is undertaken in 35 at water bodies. FD and IWUMD are sampling in Bago on monthly • basis 35 stations. Samples are analysed at IWUMD laboratory in Yangon, FRI laboratory in NPT, and at NIVA in Norway. Bago Sub-basin Area Characterization report – an • overview of water use, water users and pressure analysis as background for the assessment of ecological status of surface waters in the Bago is available from project home page. Ingrid Nesheim 19.02.2018 15
Nutrient pollution General trend: From Bago city and downwards, nutrients levels are especially high (the bacteria E. coli was also detected from here). Total nitrogen (TN) Total phosphorus (TP) E . coli 16
Heavy metals General trend: - So far, the samples indicate no heavy metal pollution, based on filtrated samples of lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), Zink (Zn), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg) and cadmium (Cd) Uncertainty: - There exist no class boundaries for Arsenic, only for arsene (As). In some areas, levels of arsenic are high relative to others (SS1 and SS2, and also near Yangon). We should look closer into this. 17
Water samples analysed at the rehabilitated water quality laboratory at FRI, Yezin Universtity Instruments to test, conductivity, alkalinity, turbidity and color, ions, • bacteria and nutrients have been installed. Instrument for BOD in February Training sessions for the use of instrument for water quality analysis. • Participants from FRI (MONREC), IWUMD (MOALI), DWIR, (MOTC). Ingrid Nesheim 19.02.2018 18
Data stored in the developed water quality database – log in is available A database system is made available for users of FD, IWUMD, and DWIR, • technical developments continue throughout the project period. Training workshops with members from FD, IWUMD and DWIR in • Myanmar. A log in portal is available at the project website: • http://www.niva.no/myanmar/water-quality-database-system. A server has been purchased it is about to installed at the Forest • Department, NPT. The purchase includes technical assistance from the provider. Ingrid Nesheim 19.02.2018 19
Decision making: What are prioritized management issues / pressures? Bago township Thanatpin ts Kawa ts Waw ts Sewage Salt water intrusion Salt water intrusion Salt water intrusion Garbage Invasive shell Invasive shell Invasive shell Sand mining species destroying species destroying species destroying Industrial waste the paddy fields the paddy fields the paddy fields River Bank Erosion High concentration High concentration High concentration and Sedimentation of phosphorus and of phosphorus and of phosphorus and nitrogen nitrogen nitrogen Ground water River bank erosion River bank erosion pollution and sedimentation and sedimentation River Bank Erosion and Sedimentation Ingrid Nesheim 19.02.2018 20
Decision making: what are environmental objectives? Identified environmental objectives Water body type s Protected areas Free of contaminants • No Eutropichation • Healthy rivers and lakes (biodiverstiy) • Reservoirs & dams Healthy Rivers and lakes (biodiversity) • Sufficient water flow • Ingrid Nesheim 19.02.2018 21
Decision making: what are environmental objectives? Water body types Identified environmental objectives Upsteam Bago City Sufficient water flow • Healthy rivers • No erosion • Free of contaminants • Bago City area Free of contaminants • No eutrophication • Sufficient water flow • Healthy rivers • Free of contaminants Downstream Bago City • No erosion • No eutrophication • Healthy rivers • Ingrid Nesheim 19.02.2018 22
Decision making: what are abatement measures? Protected areas for management of biodiv & ecosystems Man-made issues (waste Moeyungyi Reservior (wetland) disposal) North Zamayi Reduce invasive species Awareness raising of Aims: Run-off from local people, ex. control NWFD, agriculture Wetland policy on fishing Ecosystem and Pressures Sufficient water biodiversity conservation flow Free of contaminants especially for migratory No Eutropichation birds Invasive species Counter measures for natural disasters Ingrid Nesheim 19.02.2018 23
Recommend
More recommend
