The inverse history of Iroquoian person prefixes Iroquoian - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

The ‘inverse’ history of Iroquoian person prefixes Iroquoian languages Michael Cysouw Max Planck Insitute for Evolutionary Anthropology http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iroquoian Iroquoian Southern Iroquoian Northern Iroquoian Huron/Wyandot Cherokee Tuscarora/Nottoway Lake Iroquoian Iroquois Proper Tuscarora Huron/Wyandot Iroquois Proper Huron Wyandot Onondaga Seneca/Cayuga Oneida/Mohawk Tuscarora/Nottoway Cherokee Cayuga Seneca Mohawk Oneida Mithun, Marianne. 1999. The Languages of Native North America. (Cambridge http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iroquoian Language Surveys). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 418.

Active/ Patient � Agent “Inverse” Agent -o/_[C,i,a] -aw/_[e] -a/_[o] Stative/ Patient -a/_[C] - � /_[i] -ø/_[a,o] Inverse in Oneida ? Agent � Patient “Direct” Lounsbury, Floyd G. 1953. Oneida Verb Morphology. (Yale University Publications in Anthropology, 48). New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press. Oneida Mohawk Seneca Cayuga Onondaga Wyandot Huron Tuscarora Cherokee *KA ka/_[C] ka/_[C, y] ka/_[C] ga/_[C] ga/_[C] � ka/_[C, yV] � a/_[C] ka/_[C] ka/_[Reson.] k � /_[i] k � /_[i] k � /_[i, (y) � ] g � /_[i] g � /_[i] � k � /_[i] � e/_[n] kv/_[i] k/_[V] w/_[a] w/_[a. e] w/_[a, e, � ] w/_[a, e, u] w/_[a, e, � ] w/_[a, e, � ] 8/_[a. e] w/_[V] ø /_[e] Inverse in Cherokee ? (y)/_[o] y/_[o, u] y/_[o, � ] (-y)/_[o, � ] (y)/_[o, � ] � h/_[e] k/_[o] � /_[o] a:/_[Obstr.] *YO (y)o/_[C, i, a] yo/_[C] � o/_[C, i, a] o/_[C, i, a] (-y)o(w)/_[C, i, a] u(w)/_[C, i, a, o] o/_[C, i, a] (y)o/_[C, i, a] u:/_[C, a, v] (y)aw/_[e] � aw/_[e, � ] aw/_[e] (-y)aw/_[e] aw/_[e, � ] (i)a8/_[e] (y)aw/_[e, o, v] u:w/_[V, v] (y)a/_[o] y/_[V] � a/_[o, � ] a/_[o] (-y)a/_[o, � ] a/_[ � ] a/_[o] u:wa/_[:, v] *KUWA kuwa/_[C] kuwa/_[C] k � w � /_[C] ––– g � wa/_[C] y � wa/_[C] � on � a/_[C, i] ––– kv:wa/_[C] kuw � /_[i] kuwv/_[i] k � w � /_[(y) � , i] g � w � /_[i] kuw/_[a, e] kuw/_[V] k � w/_[a, e, � ] (gowa-dí, gowa-n g � w/_[a, e, � ] y � w/_[a] � on � /_[a, e, o] kv:w/_[V, a, h] kuway/_[o] k � w � y/_[o, � ] di/n = plural a � x) g � way/_[o, � ] *YE (y)e/_[C, i] ye/_[C, i, y] ye/_[C, i] (y)e/_[C, i] (-y)e/_[C, i] (y)e/_[C, yV] (i)e/_[C, i] ye/_[C, i] a:tsi/_[C] (y)ak/_[e, o] yak/_[o, u] yak/_[o, � ] (y)ag/_[e, o, u] (-y)ag/_[e, o, � ] a(y)( � )/_ [e, � , o, � , i] a � /_[e, o, i] yak/_[e, o, v] a:k/_[V] (y)u/_[a] yu/_[a] y � /_[a] � /_[a] (-y)u(w)/_[a, � ] � /_[a, � ] on/_[a] (y) � /_[e] y( � )/_[e] y � /_[e] (-y) � /_[e] yv/_[a, e, y] y/_[ � ] (y)a/_[‘ihey’] ya/_[‘iey’] (-y)a/_[‘ie’] ya/_[‘ihey’] • Prefix choice determined by: *YE+*YO (y)ako/_[C, i, a] yako/_[C] (ya)ko/_[C, i, a] go/_[C, i, a] (-ya)go(w)/_[C, i, a] (ay)u(w)/_[C, i, a] a � o/_[C, a, i] ––– ––– (y)akaw/_[e] yakaw/_[e, � ] (ya)kaw/_[e, � ] gaw/_[e] (-ya)gaw/_[e] ayaw/_[e, � ] a � a8/_[e] (y)aka/_[o] yak/_[V] (ya)ka/_[o, � ] ga/_[o] (-ya)ga/_[o, � ] aya/_[o, � ] a � a/_[o] *HR+*(K)A (-h)(l)a/_[C] la/_[C] ha/_[C] ha/_[C] ha/_[C] ha-/_[C] ha/_[C, i] (-h)ra/_[C] ––– (-h)(l) � /_[i] lv/_[i] h � /_[i, (y) � ] h � /_[i] h � /_[i] h( � )/_[i] (-h)rv/_[i] • Relative animacy of subject vs. object (-h)(l)/_[a] (h)l/_[u] h/_[V] h/_[a, e, o, u] h(R)/_[a, � , � ] (h)/_[a] hr/_[V] (-h)r/_[V] (-h)l/_[e, o] l/_[V] h/_[e, o] r/_[e, � , o, � ] h/_[a,e,o] *HR+*YO (-h)(l)o/_[C, i, a] lo/_[C] ho/_[C, i, a] ho/_[C, i, a] ho(w)/_[C, i, a] (h)u(w)/_[C, i, a] ho/_[C, a, i] (-h)ro/_[C, i, a] ––– (-h)(l)aw/_[e] law/_[e, � ] haw/_[e, � ] haw/_[e] haw/_[e] haw/_[e, � ] ha8/_[e] (-h)raw/_[e, o, v] • Discourse prominence, information flow (-h)(l)a/_[o] l/–[V] ha/_[o, � ] ha/_[o] ha/_[o, � ] ha/_[o, � ] ha/_[o] *HR+*(K)UWA (-h)(l)uwa/_[C] luwa/_[C] h � w � /_[C] h � :wá:/_[C] h � wa/_[C] (h) � wa/_[C] hon � a/_[C, i] ––– ––– (-h)(l)uw � /_[i] luwv/_[i] h � w � /_[(y) � , i] h � w � /_[i] h � w � /_[i] h � w( � )/_[i] (-h)(l)uw/_[a, e] luw/_[V] h � w/_[a, e, � ] h � w/_[a, e] h � w/_[a, e, � ] h � w/_[a] hon � /_[a, e, o] (-h)(l)uway/_[o] h � w � y/_[o, � ] h � way/_[o] h � way/_[o, � ] *SH+*YE+*YO � shako/_[C, i, a] (h)sako/_[C] shako/_[C, i, a] sha:gó:/_[C. i, a] shago(w)/_[C, i, a, � ] (h)sayu/_[C, a] sa � o/_[C, a, i] ––– ––– � shakaw/_[e] (h)ak/_[V] shakaw/_[e, � ] shakaw/_[e] shagaw/_[e, � ] sa � a8/_[e] � shaka/_[o] (h)saka/_[u] shaka/_[o, � ] (h)shága/_[o] shaga/_[o, � ] sa � a/_[o] *SH+*YE ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– se/_[C,i] ––– ––– sa � /_e, o] son/_[a] *RU ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ru/_[C] ––– ––– ––– ru(w)/_[V] *YE+ATAT (y)utat/_[C, V] yutat/_[C, V] ( � ) � tat/_[V, Reson.] adad (-y) � dat/_[C] [?] atat/_[C] yv � na � n/_[V, y, w] PNG+ata:t/_[V] (y)utate/_[x] yutate/_[l, n, w, ?] ( � ) � tate/_[Obstr.] [?] (-y) � dade/_[CC] atand/_[V] yv � na � /_[r, t] PNG+ata:/_[C] Scancarelli, Janine. 1987. Grammatical Relations and Verb Agreement yutak/_[y] ( � ) � tah/_[n, t, � n] (-y) � dad/_[V, r] yv � nat/_[k, s, � ] in Cherokee. Ph.D. Thesis University of California at Los Angeles,