THE HOPE OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC MOBILITY And The Urgency of Getting Front Door Entry Right Texas Pathways Institute White Male Income Front Door Academic Success Wednesday, April 18, 2018 Black Male Income Presented by Garrett C. Groves Vice President, Austin Community College District Scholar in Residence, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas Garrett C. Groves | Austin Community College | Vice President for Business and Industry Partnerships | garrett.groves@austincc.edu | 512.223.7921
THE FADING AMERICAN DREAM Pct. of Children Earning more than their Parents 100 90 80 70 60 50 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 Child's Birth Cohort
THE FADING AMERICAN DREAM Pct. of Children Earning more than their Parents 100 90 80 70 60 50 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 Child's Birth Cohort
THE FADING AMERICAN DREAM Pct. of Children Earning more than their Parents 100 90 80 70 60 50 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 Child's Birth Cohort
Percent of Children Earning More than their Parents By Parent Income Percentile 100 1940 Pct. of Children Earning more than their Parents 80 60 40 20 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 Parent Income Percentile
Percent of Children Earning More than their Parents By Parent Income Percentile 100 1940 Pct. of Children Earning more than their Parents 80 1950 60 40 20 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 Parent Income Percentile
Percent of Children Earning More than their Parents By Parent Income Percentile 100 1940 Pct. of Children Earning more than their Parents 80 1950 60 1960 40 20 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 Parent Income Percentile
Percent of Children Earning More than their Parents By Parent Income Percentile 100 1940 Pct. of Children Earning more than their Parents 80 1950 60 1960 1970 40 20 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 Parent Income Percentile
Percent of Children Earning More than their Parents By Parent Income Percentile 100 1940 Pct. of Children Earning more than their Parents 80 1950 60 1960 1970 40 1980 20 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 Parent Income Percentile
PRESENTATION OVERVIEW PRESENTATION OVERIVEW Socio-Economic Mobility Building Talent Pipelines to Meet Demand for a Highly Skilled Workforce ¡ Changing skill demands in the economy are leading to job polarization in the U.S. labor market. ¡ Americans from different racial and ethnic groups have dramatically different access to economic mobility . ¡ Community Colleges are uniquely powerful institutions for helping students overcome societal and structural barriers to mobility.
Structural Changes in the U.S. Labor Market THE VANISHING MIDDLE Job Polarization in the United States High-Skill Occupations Traditional Middle-Skill Occupations Low-Skill Occupations Source: The Vanishing Middle: Job Polarization and Workers’ Response to the Decline in Middle-Skill Jobs , Didem Tüzemen and Jonathan Willis, Kansas City Federal Reserve Bank, 2013.
Structural Changes in the U.S. Labor Market THE VANISHING MIDDLE Job Polarization in the United States High-Skill Occupations Workers with analytical ability, problem solving, and creativity. Traditional Middle-Skill Occupations Low-Skill Occupations Source: The Vanishing Middle: Job Polarization and Workers’ Response to the Decline in Middle-Skill Jobs , Didem Tüzemen and Jonathan Willis, Kansas City Federal Reserve Bank, 2013.
Structural Changes in the U.S. Labor Market THE VANISHING MIDDLE Job Polarization in the United States High-Skill Occupations Workers with analytical ability, problem solving, and creativity. Traditional Middle-Skill Occupations Low-Skill Occupations Workers who perform service oriented and manually intensive labor Source: The Vanishing Middle: Job Polarization and Workers’ Response to the Decline in Middle-Skill Jobs , Didem Tüzemen and Jonathan Willis, Kansas City Federal Reserve Bank, 2013.
Structural Changes in the U.S. Labor Market THE VANISHING MIDDLE Job Polarization in the United States High-Skill Occupations Workers with analytical ability, problem solving, and creativity. Traditional Middle-Skill Occupations Workers who perform routine tasks that are procedural and repetitive Low-Skill Occupations Workers who perform service oriented and manually intensive labor Source: The Vanishing Middle: Job Polarization and Workers’ Response to the Decline in Middle-Skill Jobs , Didem Tüzemen and Jonathan Willis, Kansas City Federal Reserve Bank, 2013.
Structural Changes in the U.S. Labor Market THE VANISHING MIDDLE Job Polarization in the United States High-Skill Occupations Workers with analytical ability, problem solving, and creativity. Traditional Middle-Skill Occupations Workers who perform routine tasks that are procedural and repetitive Low-Skill Occupations Workers who perform service oriented and manually intensive labor Source: The Vanishing Middle: Job Polarization and Workers’ Response to the Decline in Middle-Skill Jobs , Didem Tüzemen and Jonathan Willis, Kansas City Federal Reserve Bank, 2013.
Structural Changes in the U.S. Labor Market THE SHRINKING MIDDLE Job Polarization in the United States Employment Shares by Occupation Skill Level January 1979 - September 2016 100 Percent of U.S. Workforce by Occupation Skill Level 90 25% 39% High-Skill Occupations 80 70 60 50 61% 40 Traditional Middle-Skill Occupations 43% 30 20 10 Low-Skill Occupations 13% 18% 0 1979 1982 1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 2009 2012 2015 Low-Skill Occupations Middle-Skill Occupations High-Skill Occupations SOURCE: The original chart is from “The Vanishing Middle: Job Polarization and Workers’ Response to the Decline in Middle-Skill Jobs,” by Didem Tuzemen and Jonathan Willis, Federal 2 Reserve Bank of Kansas City, 2013. The original chart has been updated to begin in 1979 and end in September 2016. Data were provided by Didem Tuzeman.
Structural Changes in the U.S. Labor Market Percent Change in Share of Jobs by Wage Quartile, 1979-2014 20% 13.4% 15% U.S. Minus Texas Texas 10% 6.7% 5% 0% -5% -10% -9.2% -10.8% -15% -20% Lowest Wage Lower-Middle Wage Upper-Middle Wage Highest Wage NOTES: Calculations include workers over age 15 with positive wages and exclude the self-employed. Quartiles based on the Texas and US wage distributions from the 1980 decennial census, which refers to 1979 wages. Wage ranges provided are for Texas only. SOURCES: 1980 Census; 2014 ACS; “Employment Growth and Labor Market Polarization,” Chapter 7, Ten-Gallon Economy: Sizing Up Economic Growth in Texas by Pia M. 3 Orrenius Jesús Cañas and Michael Weiss, 2015.
Structural Changes in the U.S. Labor Market Percent Change in Share of Jobs by Wage Quartile, 1979-2014 20% 15.5% 13.4% 15% U.S. Minus Texas Texas 10% 6.7% 6.2% 5% 0% -5% -10% -9.2% -10.7% -10.8% -11.0% -15% -20% Lowest Wage Lower-Middle Wage Upper-Middle Wage Highest Wage Highest Wage Over $27.60 NOTES: Calculations include workers over age 15 with positive wages and exclude the self-employed. Quartiles based on the Texas and US wage distributions from the 1980 decennial census, which refers to 1979 wages. Wage ranges provided are for Texas only. SOURCES: 1980 Census; 2014 ACS; “Employment Growth and Labor Market Polarization,” Chapter 7, Ten-Gallon Economy: Sizing Up Economic Growth in Texas by Pia M. 3 Orrenius Jesús Cañas and Michael Weiss, 2015.
Structural Changes in the U.S. Labor Market THE VANISHING MIDDLE Job Polarization in the United States High-Skill Occupations Workers with analytical ability, problem solving, and creativity. New High-Skill Occupations New Middle-Skill Occupations Traditional Middle-Skill Occupations Workers who perform routine tasks that are procedural and repetitive Low-Skill Occupations Workers who perform service oriented and manually intensive labor
Structural Changes in the U.S. Labor Market THE VANISHING MIDDLE Job Polarization in the United States New High-Skill Occupations Bachelors Degree and Above New Middle-Skill Occupations Associate Degree or Certificate with Labor Market Value Low-Skill Occupations Workers with no formal education beyond high school. High School Diploma or Less
Increasing Need for Higher Education in Current Economy Increasing Need for Higher Education in Current Economy Texas Educational Attainment of Civilian Workforce Age 25 and Older 100% 13% Bachelor Degree and Above 35% 10% 80% Some College and Associate Degree 60% 28% 77% 40% High School Diploma or Below 20% 36% 0% 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 NOTE: These data refer to the civilian workforce aged 25 and older. SOURCE: Center for Public Policy Priorities’ analysis of Current Population Survey iPUMS data, IPUMS-CPS, University of Minnesota, www.ipums.org.
PRESENTATION OVERVIEW PRESENTATION OVERIVEW The Hope of Socio-Economic Mobility Building Talent Pipelines to Meet Demand for a Highly Skilled Workforce ¡ Changing skill demands in the economy are leading to job polarization in the U.S. labor market. ¡ Americans from different racial and ethnic groups have dramatically different access to economic mobility . ¡ Community Colleges are uniquely powerful institutions for helping students overcome societal and structural barriers to mobility.
RACE, EDUCATION, INCOME & PLACE
RACE, EDUCATION, INCOME & PLACE
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