The Future of Pacific Cities: Innovative Solutions for Sustainable - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

The Future of Pacific Cities: Innovative Solutions for Sustainable Urbanization in the Pacific 4 July 2018 USP Statham Campus, Suva, Fiji Omar Siddique Economic Affairs Officer, Sustainable Urban Development Section, ESCAP The Future of Asia and Pacific Cities 2019: Urban Opportunities to deliver the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

United Nations ESCAP 135 ° 120 ° 135 ° 150 ° 165 ° 180 ° 165 ° 150 ° ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMISSION Anchorage 60 ° FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC R U S S I A N UNITED STATES F E D E R A T I O N Ber ing S ea OF AMERICA Sea of Okhotsk Moscow d s Astana n Sakhalin l a I s • Regional development arm of the UN t i a n A l e u K A Z A K H S T A N Ulaanbaatar . s I i l MONGOLIA r G E u O Caspian K 45 ° R 45 ° G Almaty Vladivostok I Sea Black Sea A U Z AZERBAIJAN B E Hokkaido Istanbul T'bilisi K I Tashkent Sapporo Baku S Bishkek T KYRGYZSTAN DEM. PEOPLE'S A • 53 member States, 9 associate members, T U R K M N P'yongyang Yerevan E N TAJIKISTAN Ankara Ashgabat I Beijing Beijing REP. OF KOREA Honshu S TURKEY A T Dushanbe R A N M N Incheon Incheon Seoul JAPAN - A Jammu Tokyo E T C H I N A N Tehran I S I A N and N O R T H P A C I F I C O C E A N A REP. OF Chiba Chiba - u Mediterranean H Kabul Kashmir d Osaka G n I SLAMIC REPUBLIC a KOREA F u Sea OF d m h Shikoku from Turkey to Tonga A N - a p Wuhan A NEPAL h m Shanghai - b t Kyushu 30 ° IRAN T a a i 30 ° m h P S - K BHUTAN e K I a T East . r l s s A s I i P I New Delhi New Delhi China u a n Karachi y H a G u k w a l f Sea u i i G LAO y a n u Guangzhou R l f o Dhaka I s R f O m a n BANGLADESH P.D.R. l a e Taiwan n d d Hong Kong, China s • Headquartered in Bangkok, 4 subregional S M Northern MYANMAR Hanoi a e I N D I A c a o , C Mariana a Vientiane h i n a Mumbai Naypyitaw Philippine Islands Hyderabad Luzon Sea THAILAND Saipan South China 15 ° Manila 15 ° Bangkok Bangkok A VIET NAM PHILIPPINES Hagåtña Bay of I ESCAP HQ ESCAP HQ D O Sea Guam offices – Pacific Office in Suva Arabian Sea B Bengal A M C h MARSHALL n e P Colombo m ISLANDS o Mindanao Koror Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte h n BRUNEI Palikir P SRI LANKA PALAU Majuro DARUSSALAM Bandar Seri Begawan Northern Line MALDIVES Male FEDERATED STATES Kuala Lumpur Celebes Islands MALAYSIA OF MICRONESIA S Sea Tarawa Members: u Gilbert Is. K I R I B A T I Equator • ESCAP fosters sustainable development in 0 ° m 0 ° SINGAPORE a Afghanistan Sulawesi NAURU Yaren Nauru t e Phoenix Is. r I N D O N E S I A PAPUA Southern Line Armenia a Nepal SOLOMON NEW GUINEA Islands Australia Jakarta Netherlands ISLANDS TUVALU Surabaya Marquesas Azerbaijan Dili French New Zealand Bogor Bogor Port Moresby Funafuti Tokelau Is. Honiara Is. line with the 2030 Agenda: Bangladesh Java TIMOR- Polynesia Pakistan Arafura Sea American LESTE Bhutan SAMOA Palau Samoa T u a m Apia o Brunei Darussalam t u Papua New Guinea C o ral Sea Pago Pago A r 15 ° c 15 ° Cambodia h Philippines i p Port-Vila FIJI Papeete e China l a Republic of Korea VANUATU Niue g － Policy dialogue, regional cooperation, Suva Suva S o Democratic People's Republic of Korea Alofi Russian Federation o c i New Avarua e t Federated States of Micronesia y Samoa Nuku'alofa I s . Caledonia T Fiji Nouméa u Singapore TONGA C b o u a A U S T R A L I A o i France k I s . Solomon Islands I s Pitcairn intergovernmental platforms l a Georgia n d Sri Lanka s India Tajikistan 30 ° 30 ° Indonesia Thailand Perth Islamic Republic of Iran Timor-Leste S O U T H P A C I F I C O C E A N Sydney － Results oriented projects, technical Japan Canberra Tonga Kazakhstan Auckland Turkey T asm an Sea Melbourne Kiribati North Island Turkmenistan Kyrgyzstan Tuvalu NEW ZEALAND assistance, capacity building Lao People's Democratic Republic United Kingdom Tasmania Wellington Malaysia ESCAP Headquarters, Regional or sub-regional offices United States of America 45 ° Maldives 45 ° Uzbekistan Marshall Islands Vanuatu South Island － Research & analysis, peer learning, Mongolia Viet Nam Myanmar The boundaries and names shown and the designations used Associate members: on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. American Samoa Guam knowledge sharing 0 1000 2000 3000 km Commonwealth of the Hong Kong, China Dotted line represents approximately the Line of Control Northern Mariana Islands Macao, China in Jammu and Kashmir agreed upon by India and Pakistan. The final status of Jammu and Kashmir has not yet been Cook Islands New Caledonia agreed upon by the parties. 0 1000 2000 mi French Polynesia Niue 60 ° 60 ° • Interdisciplinary expertise from urban to 30 ° 45 ° 60 ° 75 ° 90 ° 105 ° 120 ° 135 ° 150 ° 165 ° 180 ° 165 ° 150 ° 135 ° Map No. 3974 Rev. 18 UNITED NATIONS Department of Field Support August 2014 Cartographic Section environmental issues, to energy, science and technology, trade and transport

Cities and global sustainability agendas

The 2030 Agenda and cities Cities well positioned for the implementation of Global Development Agendas

Snapshot of SDG progress in the Pacific, 2017

What are the effective means of implementation of the global agendas at the local level to achieve sustainable urbanization?

: The Future The State of Asia and Pacific Cities 2019 Urban Opportunities to deliver the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

To create a ‘possibility space’ to re‐imagine the future of built/natural environments in Asia‐Pacific cities, with the aim to further support the localization and implementation of global sustainability agendas, and guide the development of prosperous, resilient, and inclusive cities for all

A moment of opportunity for Pacific cities • decisions made now have long‐term impacts, and will determine the sustainable development trajectories of Pacific cities • in particular, most urban infrastructure investments, especially environmental ones, are capital intensive and long‐term － e.g. water and sewer mains need to be replaced once in 30 years • poor investment choices can create a lock‐in effect and increase the challenge to establish sustainable development trajectories

• will be a major Report on cities in the Asia‐Pacific region • will be a policy advocacy Report for national and local governments and stakeholders in the region • will provide a conceptual framework to localize the global agendas in Asia‐Pacific cities • will critically assess and provide knowledge and best practices of the means of implementation across a range of urban sustainability areas • will feed into the 5 th Pacific Urban Forum during Q1 2019 • will be launched at, and inform the thematic areas and structure of, the 7 th Asia‐Pacific Urban Forum during Q3 2019

State of urbanization in the Pacific • falling urban security driven by poverty, unemployment, ethnic conflict, and the transition from traditional to market economies • urban poverty levels are increasing, having been exacerbated by the global economic crisis of 2008‐2010 and cost‐of‐living increases Basic Needs Poverty Incidence Country National Urban Rural Cook Islands 28.4% 30.5% 23.6% Samoa 20.3% 23.3% 17.9% Solomon Islands 22.7% 32.2% 18.8% Tonga 22.3% 23.6% 22.8%

Unemployment • Pacific SIDS generally have large informal economies － Papua New Guinea – 84%, Samoa – 68%, Fiji – 60% • unemployment rates vary: － from over 30% (Marshall Islands, Kiribati, and Tuvalu), below 7% (Palau, Tonga, and Vanuatu), or to 1.4% (Papua New Guinea) • youth unemployment rates are much higher than for the overall population － over 50% in Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, and Tuvalu • over half the population is under 24 years old in most Pacific SIDS

High negative migration rates • annual averages per 1,000 population (2010‐15): － Fiji: –6.6, Micronesia: –15.7, Tonga: –15.4, Vanuatu: +0.5 • migration provides remittances, but also causes “brain drain” Unemployment rates (%) and net international migration rates (%) for Pacific SIDS

Investment Needs as percentage of GDP Climate‐adjusted estimates, 2016‐2030 10% 9% 9.1 8.8% 8% 7.8% 7% 6% 5.9% 5% 5.7% 5.2% 4% 3% 2% 1% 0% Asia and the Pacific Central Asia East Asia South Asia Southeast Asia The Pacific • however, on a per capita basis ODA is already higher in the Pacific than in any other region • 10 Pacific SIDS are among the 25 countries where ODA is highest as a proportion of national income

Internet users in 2016 (% of population) • renewable sources accounted for less Pacific SIDS % Cook Islands 54.0% than 10% of total energy use in Pacific Fiji 46.5% SIDS in 2015 • there is a lack of data to inform policy – as French Polynesia 68.4% Guam 77.0% of 2015, only Fiji had data on expenditure on research and development (R&D), Kiribati 13.7% which it calculated at only 0.15% of GDP Marshall Islands 29.8% in 2012 Micronesia (Federated States of) 33.4% Papua New Guinea 9.6% Samoa 29.4% Solomon Islands 11.0% Tonga 40.0% Tuvalu 46.0% Vanuatu 24.0%