THE EMERGENCE OF NEWSPACE 1
THE IMPACT ON THE SPACE INDUSTRY AND THE NEXT GENERATION OF ENGINEERS IEEE Region 8 SYP Congress 2016 Regensburg, Germany 20 August 2016 Burton Dicht b.dicht@ieee.org 2
Discussion Items • Introduction – My Background and Why I’m Interested in Space • The History of Spaceflight 101 – Understanding How Governments Got Involved in Space • A New Space Age - Understanding the Factors that Created and Shaped NewSpace • Global Space Today and Tomorrow – What does the current Space Landscape Look Like and What About the Near Future? • Job Search Strategies and Resources 3
Some Background on Me and My Interest in Space 4
Apollo 11 – July 20, 1969 Astronaut Buzz Aldrin on the Moon https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E96EPhqT-ds 5
My Perspective as a 10-Year Old Full Moon in July 6
How Did They Do That? 7
400,000 Engineers, Scientists and Technicians Made Apollo Possible 8
That Was My Inspiration: I Wanted to Learn How to Do That! High School Space Program – Edwards Air Force Base, Project SPARC 1977 California – 1983 Burt 9
My Engineering Career NASA Intern Facilities Design Kennedy Space Center Lead Engineer Configuration/Systems Integration Northrop Grumman Member of Technical Staff Payload Integration Rockwell STSD – Space Shuttle 10
A Fun Aerospace Career Landing of STS 26 at EAFB – Oct 1988 Arrival of Enterprise at JFK Airport - April 2012 Northrop – Flying with Lockheed friends Open House – EAFB - 1991 11
The History of Spaceflight 101 12
Spaceflight Timeline: The Beginning Sputnik , the first NASA is formed and Alan Shepard announces plans to artificial satellite is becomes America’s launched by the launch a human into first man in space Soviet Union space Oct 1957 Jan 1958 Oct 1958 April 1961 May 1961 May 1961 The Soviet Union’s President Kennedy Explorer 1 , the first sets the goal of Yuri Gagarin US satellite is becomes the first man landing men on the launched into orbit in space moon 13
Why Go To Space? Scientific Advancement We want to understand nature and how the universe works Curiosity We want to know what’s over the horizon Need to Explore Humanity has an innate desire to explore Need to Build Things We want to leave a legacy for the next generation 14
Why Go to Space? (2) • The initial reasons had a lot to do with curiosity and the need to explore • Jules Verne’s 1865 novel “From the Earth to the Moon” had an enormous impact on popular culture and excited the people about traveling into space • As science and rocket technology advanced, an idea was formed in 1952, by the International Council of Scientific Unions to foster scientific discovery • They named the undertaking the International Geophysical Year (IGY) and set the duration of the year from 1 July 1957 to 31 Dec 1958. • The IGY was embraced by 67 countries including the US and USSR and they adopted a resolution calling for artificial satellites to be launched during the period to map the earth’s surface 15
Why Go to Space? The Cold War as Context • Post WWII the US and the Soviet Union entered into an era of intense mutual distrust and enmity called The Cold War • It was a clash of very different beliefs and ideology – capitalism versus communism – each side holding strong convictions. It became an East versus West competition. • Soon on both sides the quest to develop ballistic missiles had a military and national security mandate Korolev • The two men who would play pivotal roles had been inspired by Jules Verne and they dreamed of space travel. But first, they were designing ballistic missiles for their nations: o Sergei Korolev (Soviet Union – The R-7 Rocket) o Wernher von Braun (US – the Redstone Rocket) • Korolev used the R- 7, the world’s first intercontinental ballistic missile, to launch Sputnik, and von Braun used the Redstone, an intermediate ballistic missile to launch Explorer I Von Braun 16
Space Spectaculars Influence the Decision Makers WHY SPEND BILLIONS OF DOLLARS ON SPACE? • The Soviet firsts in space created a huge propaganda boost during the Cold War and Soviet leader, Nikita Khrushchev exploited that lead using the huge lifting ability of the R-7 and continually topped the US space efforts with what became known as “Space Spectaculars,” including the first man in space • First President Eisenhower, then President Kennedy had to respond, or fall behind the east-west battle for the hearts and minds of non-aligned countries . . . RESULTING IN A SPACE RACE • President Kennedy’s decision to the go to the moon was not born out of the need to explore; it was the result of politics and prestige during the Cold War 17
Spaceflight Timeline: The Race to the Moon The US started to take the lead with Gemini program, March 1965 First soft landings First flight of the First flight of Soviet on the moon – Luna N-1 Moon Rocket – Saturn V Moon (Feb) & Surveyor all four tests failed Rocket (June) 1966 April 1967 Nov 1967 Oct 1968 Feb 1969 July 1969 Apollo 7 , first flight First flight of the Apollo 11, the first of the new lunar landing Soyuz spacecraft spacecraft 18
Project Apollo in a Snapshot • Period of Operation: 1961 – 1972 (program extended to 1975 if Skylab and Apollo-Soyuz Test Project are counted) • Number of Crewed Missions: Eleven, with six lunar landings and one aborted mission (Apollo 13) • Number of Moon Walkers: Twelve • Hardware: Saturn 1B, Saturn V, Apollo Command/Service Module and Lunar Module • Moon Samples: 841 lbs (400 kg) • Cost: $24 Billion - $140 Billion in today’s dollars • Involvement: 400,000 people and 20,000 companies/universities 19
Space 1970s: After the Moon Race After the moon race, both the US ($24 billion) and the Soviet Union ($5 to $10 billion) aimed to reduce the cost of their space programs. The Soviet Union expanded use of the Soyuz spacecraft and created the Salyut space station program (1971 – 1986) The Nixon Administration cut NASA’s budget but approved the Space Shuttle Program in a effort to reduce the cost of space travel (April 1972) Apollo missions 18, 19 and 20 were cancelled and NASA used Apollo hardware for the Skylab program (1973 – 1974) Détente and easing of the Cold War led to the Apollo- Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) and the first joint space mission (July 1975) 20
The Space Shuttle’s Origins: Why the Need? • Late 1960’s and early 1970’s, NASA leadership is exploring options for a post-Apollo space program • NASA had grand ambitions; with orbiting space stations, missions to Mars and nuclear powered spacecraft • The agency’s ambitions ran directly into political and financial realities George Mueller, Associate Administrator for Manned Spaceflight • With the successful moon landings, it was the end of the first era of human spaceflight • The Nixon administration and Congress supported a human space flight program; they just wanted a far less expensive version • NASA leadership opted for a reusable space transportation system . . . “No law says space must be expensive“ • Goal - Lower the costs of getting into space ($100 per pound) 21
The Space Transportation System • (2) Solid Rocket Boosters (SRB) – Reusable • External Tank (ET) • Orbiter – Reusable It took nine years to overcome the many technical challenges and get the Shuttle launched, longer than it took to achieve the first moon landing 22
Spaceflight Timeline: The Emergence of Global Space Programs China launches its Ariane Rocket , France launches its first satellite, on a Europe's first launch first satellite, on a Long March 1 vehicle, has a 1 st Diamant A Rocket Rocket , flight Feb 1970 Apr 1970 Dec 1979 Nov 1965 Oct 1971 July 1980 Japan's Lambda 4 The UK launches a India launches a (L-4) Rocket satellite on a Black satellite with its SLV- launches a test Arrow Rocket 3 Rocket satellite 23
Spaceflight Timeline: The 1980s . . . Leading to a Permanent Presence The Mir Space The Soviet Union First flight of the Station is placed tests the Buran Space Shuttle into orbit Space Shuttle Apr 1981 Jan 1986 Feb 1986 Sept 1988 Nov 1988 President Reagan Israel launches a announces Space satellite on a Station Freedom Shavit Rocket (becomes ISS ) 24
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