The association between fruit and vegetable consumption and death from any cause, cancer or heart disease/stroke 15 th October 2014 Oyinlola Oyebode
Introduction • Recommendations for fruit and vegetable consumption – 400g (WHO, 1990) – Fruit and Veggies-More Matters (USA, 2007) – “Go for 2+5” (Australia, 2005) – 5-a-day (France, Germany, UK) • “Population nutrient goals have been set judgementally rather than on the basis of specific evidence as to the necessary level of intake”.
The Health Survey for England • The major monitoring tool for looking at the nation’s health. • Used by the government to make important policy decisions that have an impact on us all • It is an annual survey and has been running since 1991 • Every address in England has an equal chance of being included in the survey each year and the results are representative of the population
Methods • Health Survey for England • Participants aged 35+, 2001-2008 – 65,226 (2,695 excluded: 4%) • Asked about 24 hour consumption • Coded into portion sizes • Max of one portion of pulses, fruit juice/smoothie, dried fruit contribute to total • Linked to mortality up to 2013
Survival Analysis 4,399 people 100% died 0-<1 (6.7%) 1-<3 3-<5 95% 5-<7 7+ 90%
Association between portions of fruit and vegetables consumed and risk of death from any cause 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 <1 1-<3 3-<5 5-<7 7+ Portions of fruit and vegetables consumed
People who eat lots People who eat no of fruit and veg fruit and veg Vs
Association between portions of fruit and vegetables consumed and risk of death from any cause 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 <1 1-<3 3-<5 5-<7 7+ Portions of fruit and vegetables consumed
Association between portions of fruit and vegetables consumed and risk of death from any cause 1.2 1 Adjusted for: • sex 0.8 • age-group cigarette smoking • 0.6 • social class BMI • 0.4 • education • physical activity 0.2 alcohol intake • 0 <1 1-<3 3-<5 5-<7 7+ Portions of fruit and vegetables consumed
Association between portions of fruit and vegetables consumed and risk of death from any cause 1.2 1 Adjusted for: • sex 0.8 • age-group cigarette smoking • HR 0.6 • social class BMI • 0.4 • education • physical activity 0.2 alcohol intake • 0 0-<1 1-<3 3-<5 5-<7 7+ Portions of Fruit and Vegetable Consumed
Association between portions of fruit and vegetables consumed and risk of death from any cause 1.2 1 Adjusted for: • sex 0.8 • age-group cigarette smoking • HR 0.6 • social class BMI • 0.4 • education • physical activity 0.2 alcohol intake • + excluding people 0 who died within a 0-<1 1-<3 3-<5 5-<7 7+ year of the survey Portions of Fruit and Vegetable Consumed
Association between portions of fruit and vegetables consumed and risk of death from cancer or CVD Cancer CVD 1.2 1.2 1 1 0.8 0.8 HR 0.6 HR 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0 0 <1 1-<3 3-<5 5-<7 7+ <1 1-<3 3-<5 5-<7 7+ Portions of fruit and vegetables Portions of fruit and vegetables consumed consumed
Association between portions of fruit or vegetables consumed 1.2 1 0.8 HR 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0-<1 1-<2 2-<3 3-<4 Portions of Fruit or Vegetables Consumed Vegetables Fruit
Association between variety of fruit and vegetable consumed and risk of death from all-causes 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0
Conclusions • Strong association between fruit and veg consumption and all-cause mortality, cancer and CVD mortality. • Consuming vegetables appears to be better than similar quantities of fruit. • Consumption of fresh vegetables, salad, fresh fruit and dried fruit were associated with decreased mortality. • Consumption of frozen or canned fruit was associated with increased mortality.
Final thoughts • Most people should try to eat more fruit and veg • Increasing availability, affordability and acceptability more effective than health education • Good to stimulate public debate and increase the visibility of the issues involved
With thanks to: Vanessa Gordon-Dseagu Alice Walker Jenny Mindell Health Survey for England team Health Survey for England participants Thank you for listening!
Recommend
More recommend
