THE AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY OF WEST BENGAL R. Ramakumar Share of - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

THE AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY OF WEST BENGAL R. Ramakumar

Share of agriculture to the State income in West Bengal, 2013-14 Share of contribution to NSDP (%) Sector West Bengal India Agriculture and allied sectors 17.5 13.9 Industry (excluding construction) 16.8 19.6 Services (including construction) 73.4 66.4 NSDP 100.0 100.0 In 2009-10, 43.8 per cent of the workers were employed in agriculture and allied activities in West Bengal; the share for India was 53 per cent.

Trends in the Net State Domestic Product at factor cost, by sectors, constant prices, West Bengal, 2004-05 to 2013-14, Base year 2004-05, in Rs billion 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 Agriculture and allied sectors Industry (excluding construction) Services (including construction) NSDP

Net Domestic Product at factor cost from agriculture and allied sectors, constant prices, West Bengal and India, 2004-05 to 2013-14, Base year 2004-05, in Rs billion 9000 8000 8005 7645 7538 7000 7178 6609 6550 6556 6000 6191 5944 5654 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 539.91 541.88 558.2 522.6 524.58 526.37 493.33 506.78 474.8 484.95 0 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 West Bengal: Agriculture and allied sectors India: Agriculture and allied sectors

Trends in the index numbers of area, production and productivity, food grains, West Bengal, base year=1981-82, 1985-86 to 2010-11 250 200 150 100 50 0 Area Production Productivity

Trends in the index numbers of area, production and productivity, rice, West Bengal, base year=1981-82, 1985-86 to 2010-11 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Area Production Productivity

Trends in the production of rice, by aus, aman and boro, West Bengal, 1980-81 to 2013-14, in '000 tonnes 18000 16000 14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 Rice-Aman Rice-Aus Rice-Boro Rice Total

Growth rates of area cultivated with rice, by periods, West Bengal, 1980-81 to 2010-11, in per cent per year Growth rates (% per year) Period Aman Aus Boro Total Rice 1980-81 to 1989-90 0.1 -0.3 11.7 1.1 1990-91 to 1999-00 -0.3 -3.9 5.9 0.6 2000-01 to 2010-11 -6.4 -6.1 0.3 0.7 1980-81 to 2010-11 -0.2 -3.6 5.1 0.3

Growth rates of production of rice, by periods, West Bengal, 1980-81 to 2010-11, in per cent per year Growth rates (% per year) Period Aman Aus Boro Total Rice 1980-81 to 1989-90 5.4 4.9 14.2 6.8 1990-91 to 1999-00 1.3 -2.1 6.4 2.5 2000-01 to 2010-11 0.7 -5.2 0.3 -0.1 1980-81 to 2010-11 2.3 -0.6 5.7 2.9

Growth rates of yields in rice, by periods, West Bengal, 1980-81 to 2010-11, in per cent per year Growth rates (% per year) Period Aman Aus Boro Total Rice 1980-81 to 1989-90 5.3 5.2 2.2 5.6 1990-91 to 1999-00 1.6 1.9 0.5 1.9 2000-01 to 2010-11 1.7 0.7 -0.02 0.6 1980-81 to 2010-11 2.4 3.2 0.6 2.5

Distribution of districts by the ranks in the contribution of the district to the State's output of rice, West Bengal, 1980-81

Distribution of districts by the ranks in the contribution of the district to the State's output of rice, West Bengal, 2009-10

Distribution of districts by their ranks in the yield of rice, West Bengal, 1980-81

Distribution of districts by their ranks in the yield of rice, West Bengal, 2000-01

Distribution of districts by their ranks in the yield of rice, West Bengal, 2009-10

Growth rates of area, production and yield in selected crops, West Bengal, 2000-01 to 2010-11, in per cent per year Growth rates (% per year) in Crop Area Production Yield Maize 12.9 19.8 5.5 Pulses -3.8 -1.6 1.0 Food grains -0.9 0.01 1.3 Oilseeds 1.7 3.4 1.4 Fibres -0.8 0.21 -

Index Numbers of Area, Production and Productivity, all crops, West Bengal, base year 1981-82 = 100, 1985-86 to 2011-12 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Area Production Productivity

Share of gross cropped area cultivated with selected crops, West Bengal, 1970-71 to 2010-11, in per cent Year Rice Wheat Maize Total Pulses Total food grains Total Oilseeds Total fibres Potato 1970-71 69.3 5.0 0.0 9.4 85.6 2.3 6.7 0.9 1980-81 67.6 3.7 0.0 6.8 79.6 4.1 8.6 1.5 1990-91 67.1 3.1 0.0 3.6 75.0 5.9 5.9 2.3 2000-01 59.6 4.7 0.4 3.0 67.9 6.6 6.9 3.3 2005-06 60.7 3.8 0.8 2.3 67.8 6.8 6.0 3.7 2006-07 59.0 3.6 0.9 2.3 66.0 7.3 6.3 4.2 2007-08 58.7 3.6 0.8 2.1 65.3 7.3 6.4 4.1 2008-09 60.5 3.1 0.9 1.9 66.7 7.2 6.1 3.9 2009-10 59.1 3.3 1.0 1.9 65.5 7.2 6.5 4.1 2010-11 56.0 3.6 1.0 2.2 63.0 7.6 6.5 4.6

Area and production of fruits, vegetables and flowers in West Bengal (‘000 ha and ‘000 MT) Year Area (‘000 ha) Production (‘000 MT) Fruits Vegetables Flowers Fruits Vegetables Flowers 1991-92 111 456 - 1137 4680 - 2001-02 148 1139 - 1985 18075 - 2011-12 216 1331 24 3055 23415 25042 2013-14 224 1380 - 2909 23045 -

Major shifts in the agrarian economy  Land and tenure reforms;  Rural electrification, private investment and the spread of irrigation;  Rural credit to farmers;  Diversification of the cropping pattern;  Backed up by government expenditure.

Distribution of ownership holdings, by size-class, West Bengal, 1970-71 to 2002-03, in per cent Size-classes 1970-71 1980-81 1995-96 2010-11 Number Area Number Area Number Area Number Area Less than 2.5 acres 59.9 21.5 69.7 29.2 76.4 44.5 82.2 54.7 2.5 to 5 acres 22.3 25.7 19.6 31.2 16.8 30.1 13.8 29.5 5 to 10 acres 13.2 28.9 8.8 25.3 5.8 19.4 3.8 13.8 10 to 25 acres 4.4 19.2 1.9 10.7 0.9 5.9 0.3 2.0 More than 25 acres 0.08 4.6 0.03 3.7 0.01 0.2 0.0 0.0 All holdings 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Distribution of districts by average size of operational holdings, West Bengal, 2000-01

Distribution of districts by average size of operational holdings, West Bengal, 2010-11

Share of tenant holdings in all holdings and share of area leased-in in total area, West Bengal, 1981-82 to 2002-03, in per cent Region Share of tenant holdings (%) Share of leased-in area (%) 1981-82 1991-92 2002-03 1981-82 1991-92 2002-03 West Bengal 23.1 14.4 14.1 12.3 10.4 9.3 India 15.2 11 9.9 7.2 8.3 6.5

Distribution of districts by the share of ‘wholly owned and self- operated area’ in the total area, West Bengal, 1995-96

Distribution of districts by the share of ‘wholly owned and self- operated area’ in the total area, West Bengal, 2010-11

Total area leased-in, by type of tenancy contract, 1995-96 and 2010-11, West Bengal, in hectares Type of contract 1995-96 2010-11 Total leased in area 430,780 443,613 Area under 'share of produce' contracts 369,476 389,037 Area under 'fixed money' contracts 18,349 29,696 Area under 'fixed produce' contracts 22,234 16,707

Share of area under operational holdings irrigated by any sources of irrigation, West Bengal, 1970-71 to 2010-11, in % Area under holdings Total operational area Share of irrigated area Year receiving irrigation (ha) (ha) (%) 1970-71 830,396 5,061,631 16.4 1980-81 1,340,000 5,555,000 24.1 1995-96 2,980,645 5,588,228 53.3 2010-11 3,428,117 5,509,582 62.2

Distribution of districts by cropping intensity, West Bengal, 1980-81

Distribution of districts by cropping intensity, West Bengal, 1995-96

Distribution of districts by cropping intensity, West Bengal, 2010-11

Share of area under operational holdings irrigated, by sources of irrigation, West Bengal, 1970-71 to 2010-11, in per cent Share (%) of operated area irrigated by Year Canals Tanks Wells Tube wells Others Total 1970-71 58.8 27.1 1.5 4.4 8.3 100.0 1980-81 46.3 22.5 2.2 18.5 10.5 100.0 1995-96 23.5 10.5 1.7 55.8 8.4 100.0 2010-11 14.6 6.8 1.3 65.0 12.4 100.0

Distribution of districts by the number of tube wells per hectare, West Bengal, 1995-96

Distribution of districts by the number of tube wells per hectare, West Bengal, 2010-11

Revenue expenditures on agriculture and allied sectors, West Bengal, deflated, 2002-03 to 2012-13 90000 80000 70000 60000 50000 40000 30000 20000 10000 0 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 Revenue expenditure: agriculture Revenue expenditure: total

Contemporary rural West Bengal: Findings of the Situation Assessment Survey (SAS), NSSO, 2013  How many agricultural households were there in 2012- 13?  An agricultural household is defined as “a household receiving a value of produce more than Rs 3000 from agricultural activities and having at least one member self- employed in agriculture either in the principal status or in subsidiary status during last 365 days”. Number, Share (%), Share (%), Item West Bengal West Bengal India Number of agricultural households 6,362,400 45.0 57.8 Number of rural households 14,135,900 100.0 100.0