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TEST LISTS FOR MEASURING INTERNET CENSORSHIP APPLICABILITY, - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Apr 10, 2023 •126 likes •444 views

TEST LISTS FOR MEASURING INTERNET CENSORSHIP APPLICABILITY, PROBLEMS & SOLUTIONS IMPROVING LISTS OF CENSORED ONLINE CONTENT Update test lists for 48 states in Latin America, Africa, MENA, Asia and CIS Develop methodology

  1. TEST LISTS FOR MEASURING INTERNET CENSORSHIP APPLICABILITY, PROBLEMS & SOLUTIONS

  2. IMPROVING LISTS OF CENSORED ONLINE CONTENT • Update test lists for 48 states in Latin America, Africa, MENA, Asia and CIS • Develop methodology (http://netalitica.com/) • Establish collaboration among tool developers, researchers and community organizations • Advance knowledge and research on Internet censorship

  3. WORKSHOP STRUCTURE • What are Citizen Lab test lists? • Types and organization • How to clean lists? • How to update lists? • Potential risks and safety tips

  4. WHAT ARE THE TEST LISTS? url category_code category_description date_added source notes http://www.alahrambeverages.com ALDR Alcohol & Drugs 2019-03-31 netaltica https://zenvpn.net/ ANON Anonymization and circumvention tools 2017-06-23 AFTE https://te.eg/wps/portal/te/Person COMT Communication Tools 2019-05-16 Netalitica https://thegeekdaily.com/ CTRL Control content 2017-12-06 AFTE http://www.culturewheel.com/ar CULTR Culture 2019-06-02 Netalitica • Machine-readable files http://www.aljisr-news.com/ COMM E-commerce 2017-07-01 AFTE in past this website wa http://www.eaee-eg.com/ ENV Environment 2018-02-09 OONI not likely to be blocked https://torrents.me/ FILE File-sharing 2018-08-02 AFTE • Made up of URLs tested for https://www.casinoarbi.com/ GMB Gambling 2019-03-31 netaltica http://www.mod.gov.il/ GOVT Government 2017-08-10 Egypt List https://www.ampproject.org/ HOST Hosting and Blogging Platforms 2018-02-07 AFTE blocking by network measurement https://www.eipr.org/ HUMR Human Rights Issues 2014-04-15 citizenlab https://www.ochaopt.org/ IGO Intergovernmental Organizations 2019-03-31 netaltica tools (e.g. OONI Probe, Centinel) https://www.globalgayz.com/ LGBT LGBT 2014-04-15 citizenlab https://www.zeedrama.net/ MMED Media sharing 2019-06-02 Netalitica Reportedly blocked https://arabist.net/ NEWS News Media 2014-04-15 citizenlab https://www.zawaj.com/ DATE Online Dating 2019-05-16 Netalitica • Include sample of websites http://www.gamal-mubarak.com/POLR Political Criticism 2014-04-15 citizenlab https://6-ar.com/ PORN Pornography 2019-03-31 netaltica https://www.victoriassecret.ae/en PROV Provocative Attire 2019-05-16 Netalitica • History https://www.altibbi.com/ PUBH Public Health 2019-05-16 Netalitica https://islamonline.net/ REL Religion 2014-04-15 citizenlab http://www.misrlinks.com/ SRCH Search Engines 2019-05-16 Netalitica https://www.zanzu.de/ar/ XED Sex Education 2019-05-16 Netalitica https://twitter.com/ikhwanweb GRP Social Networking 2014-04-15 citizenlab https://dawaalhaq.com/ MILX Terrorism and Militants 2017-08-21 AFTE

  5. TYPES OF TEST LISTS COUNTRY GLOBAL CUSTOM • Tested in a single country • Tested in all countries • Made to answer specific RQ • URLs relevant to that country • Globally relevant URLs • Customizable (OONI Run) • Predominantly in English • Limited N of URLs • In local language(s)

  6. STRUCTURE - COUNTRY LISTS url category_code category_description date_added source http://www.alahrambeverages.com ALDR Alcohol & Drugs 2019-03-31 netaltica https://zenvpn.net/ ANON Anonymization and circumvention tools 2017-06-23 AFTE https://te.eg/wps/portal/te/Person COMT Communication Tools 2019-05-16 Netalitica https://thegeekdaily.com/ CTRL Control content 2017-12-06 AFTE http://www.culturewheel.com/ar CULTR Culture 2019-06-02 Netalitica http://www.aljisr-news.com/ COMM E-commerce 2017-07-01 AFTE • Broad range of local sites http://www.eaee-eg.com/ ENV Environment 2018-02-09 OONI https://torrents.me/ FILE File-sharing 2018-08-02 AFTE https://www.casinoarbi.com/ GMB Gambling 2019-03-31 netaltica • Not “Alexa top 1,000 sites” http://www.mod.gov.il/ GOVT Government 2017-08-10 Egypt List https://www.ampproject.org/ HOST Hosting and Blogging Platforms 2018-02-07 AFTE https://www.eipr.org/ HUMR Human Rights Issues 2014-04-15 citizenlab • Not block lists : include blocked + https://www.ochaopt.org/ IGO Intergovernmental Organizations 2019-03-31 netaltica https://www.globalgayz.com/ LGBT LGBT 2014-04-15 citizenlab likely to be blocked + not blocked https://www.zeedrama.net/ MMED Media sharing 2019-06-02 Netalitica https://arabist.net/ NEWS News Media 2014-04-15 citizenlab URLs https://www.zawaj.com/ DATE Online Dating 2019-05-16 Netalitica http://www.gamal-mubarak.com/POLR Political Criticism 2014-04-15 citizenlab https://6-ar.com/ PORN Pornography 2019-03-31 netaltica • Help confirm blocking as well as https://www.victoriassecret.ae/en PROV Provocative Attire 2019-05-16 Netalitica https://www.altibbi.com/ PUBH Public Health 2019-05-16 Netalitica accessibility of websites https://islamonline.net/ REL Religion 2014-04-15 citizenlab http://www.misrlinks.com/ SRCH Search Engines 2019-05-16 Netalitica https://www.zanzu.de/ar/ XED Sex Education 2019-05-16 Netalitica • Organized into 30 categories https://twitter.com/ikhwanweb GRP Social Networking 2014-04-15 citizenlab https://dawaalhaq.com/ MILX Terrorism and Militants 2017-08-21 AFTE

  7. CATEGORIES OF URLS • Alcohol & drugs • Environment • Anonymization and circumvention tools • File-sharing • Communication tools • Gambling • Control content • Gaming • Culture • Government • E-commerce • Hacking tools • Economics (economic development) • Hate speech

  8. CATEGORIES OF URLS • Hosting and blogging platforms • Pornography • Human rights issues • Provocative attire • IGOs • Public health • LGBT • Religion • Media Sharing • Search engines • News Media • Sex education • Online dating • Social networking • Political Criticism • T errorism and Militants

  9. WHY BOTHER? • “Censorship findings are only as interesting as the sites you test” (OONI) • Raise awareness • Keep authorities accountable • Help local testers • Advance Internet censorship research

  10. Identified cases of blocking 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Blocked from existing URLs Blocked from newly added URLs

  11. Blocking of websites in the CIS - global vs. local content 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Russia Uzbekistan Turkmenistan Kazakhstan Blocked from Global list % Blocked from Local list %

  12. UPDATING LISTS Review & removing “bad” URLs AS A 3-STAGE PROCESS Adding fresh websites Balancing

  13. Overal percentage of corrections made to existing lists INDONESIA 23% SOUTH AFRICA 26% ZIMBABWE 52% STEP 1: CLEANING Review & cleaning “bad” URLs RUSSIA 61% LISTS FROM “BAD” SUDAN 69% URLS Adding fresh URLs TURKEY 71% UAE 75% IRAN 82% Balancing QATAR 84% CHINA 87% SAUDI ARABIA 90% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

  14. HOW TO CLEAN LIST? • Consult our Guideline (netalitica.com) • Download country list from GitHub • Conduct analysis of each website in- browser • Record findings • Get in touch with Netalitica (netalitica@gmail.com)

  15. FOCUS CHANGEOVER NOW SOLUTION BEFORE • News site (Egypt) Is the site blocked (OONI • Explorer)? • Keep blocked URLs Delete the rest •

  16. DEAD WEBSITES SOLUTION BEFORE NOW Human rights platform (Egypt) • • Keep blocked URLs • Delete the rest

  17. OUTDATED WEBSITES SOLUTION Political criticism site (Sudan - 2005) Keep URLs that are blocked & • generate traffic • Delete the rest

  18. DOMAIN FOR SALE SOLUTION BEFORE NOW Blogging platform (Tunisia) • • Update URL if service migrated to new domain Delete •

  19. URL PROBLEMS – PURGED SOCIAL MEDIA SOLUTION BEFORE NOW Update URL if page moved to • new platform • Delete

  20. DOMAIN REDIRECTS SOLUTION BEFORE NOW Update URL if site migrated to • new domain • Delete

  21. IRRELEVANT CONTENT SOLUTION Irish medium in Ukraine list Delete •

  22. OTHER ISSUES • Duplicates (delete) • Wrong categorization (correct) • Old domain names (update) • URLs with global relevance (move to Global list) • Facebook, T witter & YouTube pages (delete - keep up to 5)

  23. Overal percentage of corrections made to existing lists SOUTH AFRICA 17% INDONESIA 23% SOUTH AFRICA 26% VENEZUELA 50% UZBEKISTAN 51% ZIMBABWE 52% BELARUS 61% RUSSIA 61% JORDAN 64% EGYPT 66% SUDAN 69% TURKEY 71% KAZAKHSTAN 71% UKRAINE 72% BAHRAIN 73% TURKMENISTAN 74% YEMEN 74% UAE 75% MOROCCO 75% ETHIOPIA 80% IRAN 82% QATAR 84% IRAQ 87% SYRIA 87% CHINA 87% PAKISTAN 89% TUNISIA 90% SAUDI ARABIA 90% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

  24. Improved speed of web connectivity tests SAUDI ARABIA 6% INDONESIA 11% BELARUS 13% VENEZUELA 14% SUDAN 15% ETHIOPIA 17% UZBEKISTAN 17% RUSSIA 20% BAHRAIN 21% IRAQ 22% IRAN 22% EGYPT 23% KAZAKHSTAN 25% JORDAN 32% QATAR 33% TURKMENISTAN 38% TURKEY 40% TUNISIA 41% SYRIA 43% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50%

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