Teagasc National Farm Survey 2017 Sustainability Report Cathal - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Teagasc National Farm Survey 2017 Sustainability Report Cathal Buckley, Trevor Donnellan, Emma Dillon, Kevin Hanrahan, Brian Moran & Mary Ryan Teagasc, Agricultural Economics & Farm Surveys Department Rural Economy and Development Programme

Presentation Overview  Sustainability definition  Sample profile  Methodology  Results  On going development of indicators 2

Multidimensional concept  Sustainability is intersection of: 1. Economic 2. Environmental 3. Social 3

Data Source: Teagasc National Farm Survey  Conducted by Teagasc on an annual basis since 1972.  Operated as part of the EU Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN). • Fulfils Ireland’s statutory obligation to provide data to EU  Teagasc as a collection agency • Provide database of micro data on Irish Agriculture for research, policy analysis & stakeholders. 4

Profile of Teagasc NFS Sample - 2017 Dairy Cattle Sheep Tillage All Farms Sample No. 309 370 125 72 876 Population Represented 16,146 54,020 14,322 6,879 91,367 Average -1 ) Utilisable Agricultural Area (ha 58.9 34.0 47.3 59.5 42.4 -1 ) Total Grassland Area (ha 57.7 33.5 46.8 23 39.1 -1 ) Tillage Area (ha 1.2 0.5 0.5 36.5 3.3 Dairy Cow Livestock Units 77.1 0.0 0.4 0.0 13.7 Cattle Livestock Units 42.1 41 21.9 27.6 37.2 Sheep Livestock Units 0.6 1.7 32.4 4.0 6.5 Total Livestock Units 119.8 42.7 54.7 31.6 57.4 -1 ) Stocking Rate (LU ha 2.0 1.3 1.2 0.5 1.4 5

Presentation of Results  Charts Economic Viability – Boxplot Gross Margin € per hectare – Dairy Farms 2017 Dairy Farms  Time series (2012 to 2017) • Individual years reported in appendices • 3 year rolling average 2010-2012 (average of 2010, 2011, 2012) Market Orientation - 3 year rolling average 100% Percentage Market Output 90% Dairy 80% Cattle 70% Sheep 60% Tillage Total 50% 6

Economic Sustainability Indicator Measure Unit 1. Economic return to land Gross output per hectare € / hectare 2. Profitability of land Gross margin per hectare € / hectare 3. Market Orientation Output derived from market rather than % subsidies 4. Economic Viability Economic viability of farm business – 1=viable 0=not viable Minimum wage for labour & 5% return on non-land based assets 5. Productivity of labour Family Farm Income per unpaid labour € / unpaid labour unit unit 7

Economic Sustainability Indicator Measure Unit 1. Economic return to land Gross output per hectare € / hectare 2. Profitability Gross margin per hectare € / hectare 8

Economic Sustainability Indicator Measure Unit 3. Market Orientation Output derived from market rather than subsidies % 9

Economic Sustainability Indicator Measure Unit 4. Economic Viability Economic viability of farm business – Min wage for labour 1=viable & 5% return on non-land based assets 0=not viable 10

Economic Sustainability Indicator Measure Unit 5. Productivity of Labour Family Farm Income per unpaid labour unit € / unpaid labour unit 11

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Social Sustainability Indicator Measure Unit 1. Household vulnerability Farm business is not viable and no off-farm employment Binary variable, 1= vulnerable 2. Isolation Risk Farmer lives alone Binary variable 1=isolated 3. High Age Profile Farmer is over 60 years old & Binary variable no members of household under 45 1=high age 4. Agricultural education Formal agricultural training received Binary variable 1= agricultural training received 5. Work Life Balance Work load on farm** Hours worked (Off-farm work hours not included) on the farm 13

Social Sustainability Indicator Measure Unit 1. Household vulnerability Farm business is not viable & Binary variable no off-farm employment 1= vulnerable 0=Non vulnerable 14

Social Sustainability Indicator Measure Unit 2. Isolation Risk Farmer lives alone Binary variable 1=isolated, 0=Non isolated 15

Social Sustainability Indicator Measure Unit 3. High Age Profile Binary variable Farmer is over 60 years old & no members of household under 45 years 1=High age profile 0=Not high age profile 16

Social Sustainability Indicator Measure Unit 4. Agricultural Formal agricultural training received Binary variable education 1=Agricultural training 0=No agricultural training 17

Social Sustainability Indicator Measure Unit 5. Work Life Balance Hours worked on the farm Work load on farm (Off-farm work hours not included) 18

Overview of Environmental Indicators 19

Environmental Sustainability 1. Greenhouse gases (CH 4 , N 2 0, CO 2 ) » Common currency = CO 2 equivalents 2. Ammonia emissions 3. Risk to water quality • Nitrogen & phosphorus 20

Methodological approach  Activity data from Teagasc National Farm Survey • Animal numbers, fertilisers applied, input purchases / output sales, inventory changes  Apply most appropriate co-efficients to activity data • GHG 1. IPCC approach for all farm types (Dillon et al., 2016, Ryan et al., 2017) 2. Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) for Dairy (O’Brien et al, 2014) • Ammonia » National inventories approach for all farms • Nitrogen / Phosphorus » Farm gate input/output approach (Buckley et al., 21 2015; 2016a; 2016b)

Environmental Sustainability – GHG Emissions Indicator Measure Unit Ag. GHG emissions per Absolute Ag. GHG emissions (IPCC methodology) Tonnes CO 2 farm equivalent/farm Ag. GHG emissions per Ag. GHG emissions per hectare farmed (IPCC kg CO 2 equivalent / hectare hectare methodology) Ag. GHG emissions per Ag. GHG emissions efficiency (IPCC methodology) kg CO 2 equivalent / kg kg of output output Ag. GHG Emissions per Ag. GHG emissions efficiency (IPCC methodology) kg CO 2 equivalent / € € output output Indicator Measure Unit Energy GHG emissions Absolute Energy GHG emissions (IPCC Tonnes CO 2 per farm methodology) equivalent/farm Energy GHG emissions Energy GHG emissions per hectare farmed (IPCC kg CO 2 equivalent / hectare per hectare methodology) Energy GHG Emissions Energy GHG emissions efficiency (IPCC kg CO 2 equivalent / kg per € output methodology) output Energy GHG Emissions Energy GHG emissions efficiency (IPCC kg CO 2 equivalent / € per € output methodology) output 22

Farm level Ag. GHG Emissions - Dairy Farms 2017 Farm level Ag. GHG Emissions - Cattle Farms 2017 Other: Sheep: Sheep: Other: 0.3 t 3.3 t 1.3t 0.9t Cattle: 188.8t Dairy: Cattle: 311.6t 137.6 t Total =141.2 t CO 2 e Total =502.5 t CO 2 e Farm level Ag. GHG Emissions - Sheep Farms 2017 Farm Level Ag. GHG Emissions - Tillage Farms 2017 Crops: Other: 28.6 t 0.4 t Sheep: Sheep: 63.8 t Cattle: 7.3 t Cattle: 75.7 t 89.2 t Total =125.1 t CO 2 e Total =139.9 t 23

Total Ag GHG emissions Tonnes CO 2 eqv. by Farm - Rolling 3 year average 500 450 400 350 Tonnes CO2 / Farm 300 Dairy 250 Cattle 200 Sheep Tillage 150 100 50 0 24

Absolute & Emissions Intensity – Ag. GHG 25

Dairy based Ag. GHG emissions - Components kg FPCM / cow - 3 year rolling average 6,000 kg FPCM / cow 5,000 4,000 3,000 kg Co2 eqv / kg FPCM - 3 year rolling average Ave. dairy cow herd size - 3 year rolling (IPCC) average 1.00 kg Co2 eqv / kg FPCM (IPCC) 80 Ave. Herd Size (Dairy Cows) 0.90 70 0.80 60 0.70 50 0.60 40  Kg of Fat & Protein Corrected Milk (FPCM) 26  Standardized to 4% fat and 3.3% protein per kg of milk

National Cross Validation on Carbon Footprint of Milk Production – LCA Approach (O’Brien et al., 2014) 1.24 kg CO 2 eqv / FPCM 1.22 1.20 1.18 1.16 1.14 1.12 1.10 2013-2015 2014-2016 2015-2017 Teagasc NFS 1.23 1.17 1.14 Bord Bia SDAS 1.21 1.19 1.17 1.24 kg CO 2 eqv / FPCM 1.22 1.20 1.18 1.16 1.14 1.12 1.10 1.08 2013-2015 2014-2016 2015-2017 Teagasc NFS 1.20 1.14 1.10 27 Bord Bia SDAS 1.20 1.17 1.14

Ag. Emissions intensity – Cattle & Sheep Ag. GHG Emissions per kg live-weight Ag. GHG Emissions per kg live-weight produced: Sheep Farms 2017 produced: Cattle Farms 2017 kg Co2 Eq / kg liveweight beef - 3 year kg Co2 eqv. / kg sheep meat kg Co2 Eq / kg liveweight sheep - 3 year kg Co2 eqv. / kg live-weight beef rolling average (IPCC) rolling average (IPCC) 15.00 12.00 11.00 14.00 10.00 13.00 9.00 12.00 8.00 11.00 7.00 10.00 6.00 28

Ammonia Emissions Indicator Measure Unit Ammonia emissions per NH 3 emissions Tonnes NH 3 equivalent / farm farm Ammonia emissions per NH 3 emissions per hectare farmed kg NH 3 equivalent / hectare hectare Ammonia emissions NH 3 emissions efficiency on a kg of product kg NH 3 / kg output per kg of output basis Ammonia emissions NH 3 emissions efficiency on Euro of output kg NH 3 / € output per € of output generate basis 29

Farm level NH 3 Emissions - Dairy Farms 2017 Farm level NH 3 Emissions - Cattle Farms 2017 Fert : Fert: 0.37t 0.04t Sheep: 0.004t Cattle: 0.27t Dairy: Cattle: 2.18t 0.69 t Total =0.74 t NH 3 Total=2.82 t NH 3 Farm level NH 3 Emissions - Sheep Farms 2017 Farm level NH 3 Emissions - Tillage Farms 2017 Fert.: Fert.: 0.08t 0.05t Sheep: 0.01t Sheep: 0.1t Cattle: Cattle: 0.43t 0.38t Total =0.52 t Total =0.53t NH 3 30

Total NH 3 Tonnes by Farm - Rolling 3 year average 3.00 2.75 2.50 2.25 2.00 Tonnes NH 3 / Farm 1.75 Dairy 1.50 Cattle 1.25 Sheep Tillage 1.00 0.75 0.50 0.25 0.00 31

Absolute & Emissions Intensity – NH 3 32