Supporting Users to Manage Breaking and Unresolvable Changes in - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Supporting Users to Manage Breaking and Unresolvable Changes in Coupled Evolution Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Scienze Alfonso Pierantonio dell’Informazione e Matematica joint work with Università degli Studi dell’Aquila Davide Di Ruscio, Juri Di Rocco, Ludovico Iovino

Introduction 2 Metamodels play a key role in any metamodeling ecosystem since they underpin the development of a wide range of modeling artifacts. - Similarly to any software component metamodels are expected to evolve - It is necessary to deal with the coupled evolution problem, also called co-evolution - Co-evolution involves all the artifacts co-existing in the ecosystem, e.g. models, model transformations, textual and graphical editors, and code generators. Workshop on Domain-Specific Modeling – 27 OCT 2015, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States

Introduction 3 Metamodel changes can be classified as: - non-breaking (NBC) - breaking and resolvable (BRC) - breaking and unresolvable (BUC) depending on their impact In the last case, user intervention is important to provide additional information, which cannot be inferred or derived. Workshop on Domain-Specific Modeling – 27 OCT 2015, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States

Existing approaches (selection) 4 Over the last years, co-evolution has been largely investigated and different approaches have been proposed: Model co-evolution: [1] A. Cicchetti, D. Di Ruscio, R. Eramo, and A. Pierantonio. Automating co-evolution in model-driven engineering . In Procs.of EDOC 2008 , pages 222 – 231. IEEE Computer So- ciety, 2008. [2] F. Mantz, Y. Lamo, and G. Taentzer. Co-transformation of type and instance graphs supporting merging of types with retyping. ECEASST, (61), 2013. [3] F. Mantz, G. Taentzer, and Y. Lamo. Customizing model migrations by rule schemes . In Procs. IWPSE’13 , pages 1 – 10. ACM, 2013. Model transformations co-evolution: [4] J. Di Rocco, D. Di Ruscio, L. Iovino, and A. Pierantonio. Dealing with the coupled evolution of metamodels and model- to-text transformations. In ME’14 at MoDELS 2014 , 2014. [5] Levendovszky, D. Balasubramanian, A. Narayanan, and G. Karsai. A Novel Approach to Semi- automated Evolution of DSML Model Transformation . In Procs . SLE’10 , volume 5969 of LNCS , pages 23 – 41. Springer, 2010. Other kind of artifacts co-evolution: [6] D. Di Ruscio, L. Iovino, and A. Pierantonio. Managing the coupled evolution of metamodels and textual concrete syntax specifications . In SEAA’13, pages 114– 121, Sept 2013. [7] A. Kusel, J. Etzlstorfer, E. Kapsammer, P. Lange, W. Rets- chitzegger, J. Schoenboeck, W. Schwinger, and M. Wimmer. A Systematic Taxonomy of Metamodel Evolution Impacts on OCL Expressions . In ME’14 at MoDELS 2014, Sept. 2014. Workshop on Domain-Specific Modeling – 27 OCT 2015, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States

Existing approaches 5 All these approaches aim at automating the management of non-breaking, and breaking and resolvable changes The management of breaking and unresolvable changes is still a challenging and error-prone activity – they are usually managed by applying default migration actions according to predefined heuristics Workshop on Domain-Specific Modeling – 27 OCT 2015, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States

Proposal 6 In order to overcome the uncertainty or lack of information during the automated consistency restoring process, we propose a human-in-loop approach The user is interactively asked to contribute with the missing information in order to complete the adaptation process Workshop on Domain-Specific Modeling – 27 OCT 2015, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States

Motivating scenario 7 Workshop on Domain-Specific Modeling – 27 OCT 2015, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States

Motivating scenario 8 Workshop on Domain-Specific Modeling – 27 OCT 2015, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States

Motivating scenario 9 Workshop on Domain-Specific Modeling – 27 OCT 2015, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States

Motivating scenario 10 Workshop on Domain-Specific Modeling – 27 OCT 2015, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States

Motivating scenario 11 Workshop on Domain-Specific Modeling – 27 OCT 2015, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States

Motivating scenario 12 Workshop on Domain-Specific Modeling – 27 OCT 2015, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States

Metamodel Evolution 13 1 1 3 3 evolution 2 2 Applied changes in the motivating scenario: 1. split attribute 2. change reference type 3. extract metaclass Workshop on Domain-Specific Modeling – 27 OCT 2015, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States

Split attribute co-evolution 14 Metamodel evolution Corrupted excerpt of the code generator The expression [binding.url] has to be migrated, however it is uncertainty whether to be replaced by – [binding.requestUrl], or – [binding.requestCookies] Workshop on Domain-Specific Modeling – 27 OCT 2015, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States

Change Reference Type co-evolution 15 Metamodel evolution Corrupted excerpt of the code generator The template generateViewData cannot be invoked on elements with type Data anymore (because of the reference type change) Workshop on Domain-Specific Modeling – 27 OCT 2015, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States

Extract Metaclass co-evolution 16 Metamodel evolution Corrupted excerpt of the code generator The expression [aTemplate.style] cannot be evaluated anymore, consistency can be restored with: – [aTemplate.style.src] – [aTemplate.style.href] Workshop on Domain-Specific Modeling – 27 OCT 2015, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States

Proposed Adaptation Approach 17 The adaptation process relies on an extension of EMFMigrate realized by means of the epsilon platform D. Wagelaar, L. Iovino, D. Ruscio, and A. Pierantonio. T ranslational semantics of a co- evolution specific language with the EMF transformation virtual machine. In Theory and Practice of Model T ransformations, ICMT 2012, LNCS 7307, 192 – 207. Workshop on Domain-Specific Modeling – 27 OCT 2015, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States

Proposed Adaptation Approach 18 The adaptation flow is formalized by the following sequence diagram Workshop on Domain-Specific Modeling – 27 OCT 2015, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States

Proposed Adaptation Approach 19 EMFMigrate is a co-evolution language for EMF- based artifact migration – It consists of migration rules applied on a given artifact A conforming to a metamodel MM – EMFMigrate has been extended to generate Epsilon programs Workshop on Domain-Specific Modeling – 27 OCT 2015, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States

Migration Programs 21 - A (automatically generated) ANT specification orchestrates the control-flow above - Whenever necessary the user is prompt for necessary information, which permits to resolve uncertainty points Workshop on Domain-Specific Modeling – 27 OCT 2015, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States

Split attribute co-evolution 22 Metamodel evolution Corrupted excerpt of the code generator The expression [binding.url] has to be migrated, however it is uncertainty whether to be replaced by – [binding.requestUrl], or – [binding.requestCookies] Workshop on Domain-Specific Modeling – 27 OCT 2015, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States

Change Reference Type co-evolution 23 Metamodel evolution Corrupted excerpt of the code generator The template generateViewData cannot be invoked on elements with type Data anymore (because of the reference type change) Workshop on Domain-Specific Modeling – 27 OCT 2015, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States

Extract Metaclass co-evolution 24 Metamodel evolution Corrupted excerpt of the code generator The expression [aTemplate.style] cannot be evaluated anymore, consistency can be restored with: – [aTemplate.style.src] – [aTemplate.style.href] Workshop on Domain-Specific Modeling – 27 OCT 2015, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States

Conclusions 25 – An approach has been proposed to pragmatically address the adaptation of artifacts affected by BUCs – A general adaptation process has been proposed with the ability to interact with the user in case of BUCs with finite resolution options – Although it has been demonstrated on Acceleo templates, the approach is ready to be applied to any EMF-based artifact – Future works include a off-the-shelf catalog of migration programs in accordance with the refactorings catalog http://www.metamodelrefactoring.org/ Workshop on Domain-Specific Modeling – 27 OCT 2015, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States

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