JEWISH POPULATION STUDY COMPARISONS: 1995-2014 (CONTINUED) B. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE STUDIES (CONTINUED) • The 1995 Study may not have included Jewish college students temporarily living outside of St. Louis in the count of Jewish persons. The 2014 Study counts them as Jews living in St. Louis Jewish households, even if they are temporarily living outside the area (many often return for holidays, etc.). • It is possible that the 1995 estimate did not include people who are partly Jewish, or “Jewish and something else.” They are counted as Jewish in 2014. The definition of who counts as a Jew in a community study has changed significantly since 1995, when the impact of intermarriage on American Jewish life was much less pronounced; indeed, the concept of being partly Jewish was not a central thought in Jewish terminology at the time.
WHO WAS CONSIDERED JEWISH IN THE 1995 AND 2014 STUDIES? College students temporarily Respondents living outside of born or raised St. Louis Jewish but not (maybe – not currently Jewish (“Jewish origin” ) sure if excluded BOTH in 1995) Non-Jewish STUDIES Explicit relatives in reference to Jewish being Partly households Jewish or (in total pop Jewish + estimate) something else (may not have existed in 1995) Respondents born or Respondents not born or raised Jewish who identify raised Jewish, but who as Jewish either by identify as Jewish either religion or other by religion or other
SINCE 1995, THE PERCENTAGE OF PEOPLE LIVING IN JEWISH HOUSEHOLDS WHO ARE JEWISH DECLINED SUBSTANTIALLY PERCENT OF ALL PEOPLE LIVING IN ST. LOUIS JEWISH HOUSEHOLDS WHO IDENTIFY AS JEWISH: 1995-2014
HOUSEHOLDS INCLUDING A JEWISH ADULT ARE 4.7% OF ALL ST. LOUIS AREA HOUSEHOLDS ESTIMATED PERCENT OF ALL STUDY AREA HOUSEHOLDS WHICH INCLUDE A JEWISH ADULT: ST. LOUIS 1995 AND 2014
GEOGRAPHY
GEOGRAPHIC SUB-AREAS: ST. LOUIS 2014 Based on zip code of residence, we initially organized the data into five major geographic sub-areas (and a few smaller areas). • St. Louis City: All zip codes in the City • University City/Clayton: 63105, 63117, 63130, 63143, 63144 • Olivette/Ladue: 63124, 63132 • Creve Coeur Area: 63043, 63141, 63146 • Chesterfield: 63005, 63011, 63017, 63021, 63038, 63040 • Des Peres/Kirkwood/Webster Groves: 63119, 63122, 63131 • St. Charles County: All zips in St. Charles County • Residual Areas: North [St. Louis] County and South County – various zip codes
GEOGRAPHIC SUB-AREAS: ST. LOUIS 2014 1. St. Louis City 2. University City/Clayton 3. Olivette/Ladue 4. Creve Coeur Area 5. Chesterfield 6. Des Peres/Kirkwood/ Webster Groves 7. St. Charles County 8. Residual Areas: North [St. Louis] County others and South County Areas
CHESTERFIELD, CREVE COEUR AND UNIVERSITY CITY/ CLAYTON HAVE THE MOST JEWISH PERSONS
JEWISH HOUSEHOLD NUMBERS BY AREA FOLLOW A SIMILAR – BUT NOT IDENTICAL – GEOGRAPHIC PATTERN
THE PROPORTION OF ALL AREA HOUSEHOLDS WHICH ARE JEWISH IS HIGHEST IN OLIVETTE/LADUE & CREVE COEUR, LOWEST IN NORTH & SOUTH COUNTY OTHER PERCENT OF ALL HOUSEHOLDS IN GEOGRAPHIC AREAS WHICH INCLUDE A JEWISH ADULT: 2014
88% OF PEOPLE IN OLIVETTE/LADUE JEWISH HOUSEHOLDS ARE JEWISH; 49% IN ST. CHARLES COUNTY/DES PERES/SOUTH & NORTH COUNTY OTHER COMBINED PERCENT OF ALL PEOPLE LIVING IN ST. LOUIS JEWISH HOUSEHOLDS WHO ARE JEWISH, BY SUB-AREA: 2014
OVERALL, 31% OF ALL RESPONDENTS MOVED INTO THEIR CURRENT RESIDENCE IN THE LAST FIVE YEARS Only 16% of Olivette/Ladue respondents report having moved into their current residence in the last five years; Creve Coeur respondents are the most likely to be long-term residents.
DEMOGRAPHY
SINCE 1981, THE ST. LOUIS JEWISH COMMUNITY HAS AGED SOMEWHAT – JEWISH PERSONS ARE OLDER THAN NON-JEWS IN JEWISH HOUSEHOLDS
INCLUDING NON-JEWISH PERSONS IN JEWISH HOUSEHOLDS, THE JEWISH COMMUNITY HAS A BALANCED AGE DISTRIBUTION DECILE ANALYSIS: AGE OF ALL PEOPLE LIVING IN ST. LOUIS JEWISH HOUSEHOLDS
THE JEWISH PERSONS-ONLY AGE STRUCTURE REFLECTS THE SLIGHTLY OLDER STATUS OF JEWS VS. NON-JEWS IN JEWISH HOUSEHOLDS DECILE ANALYSIS: AGE OF JEWISH PERSONS ONLY LIVING IN ST. LOUIS JEWISH HOUSEHOLDS
ST. LOUIS HAS A SIMILAR PERCENTAGE OF SENIORS AS IN SEVERAL OTHER JEWISH COMMUNITIES PERCENT OF ALL PEOPLE IN JEWISH HOUSEHOLDS WHO ARE SENIORS 65 AND OVER *National Jewish Population Survey
ST. LOUIS HAS ABOUT THE SAME PERCENTAGE OF CHILDREN AS IN SEVERAL OTHER JEWISH COMMUNITIES PERCENT OF ALL PEOPLE IN JEWISH HOUSEHOLDS WHO ARE CHILDREN UNDER AGE 18 *National Jewish Population Survey
ST. LOUIS CITY AND UNIVERSITY CITY/CLAYTON: MOSTLY YOUNGER ADULTS; CREVE COEUR: THE LARGEST NUMBER OF SENIORS In all tables, percentages may not add to 100% precisely due to rounding.
OF ALL JEWISH RESPONDENTS & SPOUSES UNDER AGE 65, 71% ARE EMPLOYED – 16% SELF-EMPLOYED
70% OF JEWISH RESPONDENTS & SPOUSES HAVE EARNED A COLLEGE DEGREE; 37% HAVE A GRADUATE DEGREE Education levels slightly exceed those found for all Jewish adults in the nation, as reported by Pew in 2013.
55% OF RESPONDENTS WERE BORN IN THE ST. LOUIS AREA. 4% WERE BORN IN THE FSU, 1% IN ISRAEL. RESPONDENTS’ PLACE OF BIRTH
RELATIVELY FEW NEWCOMERS: 11% OF ALL RESPONDENTS MOVED TO ST. LOUIS SINCE 2004 YEARS RESPONDENT HAS LIVED IN THE ST. LOUIS AREA
ONLY 5% OF ALL RESPONDENTS PLAN TO MOVE AWAY FROM ST. LOUIS IN THE NEXT TWO YEARS SURVEY RESPONDENTS PLANS TO REMAIN IN ST. LOUIS OR MOVE OUT IN THE NEXT TWO YEARS, 2014
EVEN AMONG RESPONDENTS UNDER AGE 35, FEW PLAN TO MOVE OUTSIDE THE ST. LOUIS AREA IN THE NEXT TWO YEARS RESPONDENT MOVING PLANS, ST. LOUIS 2014
MARITAL STATUS: SIX OF TEN RESPONDENTS ARE CURRENTLY MARRIED. ONE OF FIVE HAS NEVER MARRIED. MARITAL STATUS OF RESPONDENTS
ONLY 25% OF RESPONDENTS 18-34 ARE MARRIED & 70% OF THOSE 35-49 ARE MARRIED
ALMOST 10,000 JEWISH HOUSEHOLDS INCLUDE A CHILD – 29% OF ALL JEWISH HOUSEHOLDS IN THE ST. LOUIS AREA DOES JEWISH HOUSEHOLD INCLUDE A CHILD AGE 4 OR YOUNGER?
HOUSEHOLD STRUCTURE, JEWISH ST. LOUIS
APPROXIMATELY 4% OF ST. LOUIS JEWISH HOUSEHOLDS INCLUDE SOMEONE WHO IS LESBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL OR TRANSGENDER Among respondents under age 30, the LGBT proportion rises to 9%. LGBT STATUS OF JEWISH HOUSEHOLDS* *In all communities, except Cleveland, the question asked was whether the respondent or any member of the Jewish household self- identified as “…gay, lesbian, bisexual or transgender; in Cleveland, the question was only asked of the respondent.
13% OF JEWISH HOUSEHOLDS ARE MULTI-RACIAL, HISPANIC AND/OR NON-WHITE PERCENT OF JEWISH HOUSEHOLDS WHICH ARE HISPANIC, BI- RACIAL OR WHERE NOT ALL MEMBERS ARE “WHITE”
VULNERABLE POPULATIONS AND HUMAN SERVICES
ANNUAL INCOME: 9% OF HOUSEHOLDS UNDER $25,000 ANNUAL HOUSEHOLD INCOME: 2014 ST. LOUIS JEWISH COMMUNITY STUDY The percentages in the chart above reflect income patterns excluding 10% of respondents who totally refused to answer and the 2% who said that they did not know the household’s income. The chart includes those who said that their household income was at least $25,000 annually, but would not provide additional details.
FEWER LOW-INCOME HOUSEHOLDS IN JEWISH ST. LOUIS THAN IN SEVERAL OTHER JEWISH COMMUNITIES PERCENT OF JEWISH HOUSEHOLDS REPORTING ANNUAL HOUSEHOLD INCOME UNDER $25,000 NJPS, 2001: National Jewish Population Survey 2000-01
24% OF HOUSEHOLDS REPORT THEY ARE “JUST MANAGING” FINANCIALLY OR “CANNOT MAKE ENDS MEET” SUBJECTIVE SELF-ASSESSMENT OF HOUSEHOLD FINANCIAL SITUATION, ST. LOUIS, 2014 In general, respondents are more likely to answer the subjective financial status question than questions on income; only 5% of the 1,003 survey respondents refused to answer the financial status question while about 12% did not provide any income information. Missing responses are excluded in this chart.
SIMILAR PERCENTAGES IN ST. LOUIS AND CINCINNATI REPORT JUST MANAGING OR NOT MAKING ENDS MEET PERCENT OF JEWISH HOUSEHOLDS REPORTING THAT THEY “CANNOT MAKE ENDS MEET” OR ARE “JUST MANAGING”
8% OF JEWISH HOUSEHOLDS IN ST. LOUIS ARE POOR – BUT 18% ARE “NEAR POOR” We define 2,500 Jewish households in St. Louis as “poor” since their household income relative to household size falls below 150% of the Federal Poverty Guidelines (FPG), and the respondent does not say the household has extra money or is well off. We define another 5,900 Jewish households as near poor. Their incomes relative to their household sizes fall between 150% and 250% of FPG. PERCENT OF ST. LOUIS JEWISH HOUSEHOLDS ESTIMATED TO BE “POOR” OR “NEAR POOR”
POOR AND NEAR-POOR HOUSEHOLD INCOME THRESHOLDS FOR DEFINING THE POOR AND NEAR POOR ANNUAL FEDERAL INCOME LIMITS FOR DEFINITION OF POOR AND NEAR-POOR (ROUNDED)
IN ST. LOUIS AND CHICAGO, SIMILAR LEVELS OF JEWISH HOUSEHOLDS ARE POOR PERCENT OF JEWISH HOUSEHOLDS DEFINED AS POOR, TYPICALLY UNDER 150% OF FEDERAL GUIDELINES
CHESTERFIELD HAS THE FEWEST POOR JEWISH HOUSEHOLDS OF ANY MAJOR JEWISH AREA OF RESIDENCE PERCENT OF POOR JEWISH HOUSEHOLDS IN EACH GEOGRAPHIC AREA
RESPONDENT AGE IS NOT STRONGLY LINKED TO BEING POOR OR NEAR POOR IN JEWISH ST. LOUIS
FOOD INSECURITY AFFECTS BOTH THE POOR & NEAR-POOR PERCENT OF JEWISH HOUSEHOLDS WHICH REPORT SKIPPING MEALS OR CUTTING MEAL SIZE BECAUSE OF LACK OF MONEY FOR FOOD Respondents were asked “In the last 12 months, did you or other adults in the household ever cut the size of your meals or skip meals because there wasn't enough money for food?” .
36% OF ALL JEWISH HOUSEHOLDS SOUGHT ASSISTANCE FOR AT LEAST ONE OF HUMAN SERVICES NEEDS PERCENT OF ST. LOUIS JEWISH HOUSEHOLDS WHICH SOUGHT ASSISTANCE FOR:
JEWISH POOR AND NEAR POOR SEEK HELP FOR HOUSING AND FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE Respondents were asked, “In the past 12 months, did you (or anyone else in your household) seek help in dealing with housing or financial assistance ?” PERCENT OF HOUSEHOLDS SEEKING HELP FOR HOUSING OR FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE
67% OF THOSE SEEKING HELP WITH HOUSING OR FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOUND GETTING HELP VERY DIFFICULT “In the past 12 months, did you (or anyone else in your household) seek help with housing or financial assistance? PERCENT OF ST. LOUIS JEWISH HOUSEHOLDS WHICH:
SEEKING HELP FOR SENIORS IN THE HOUSEHOLD “In the past 12 months, did you (or anyone else in your household) seek services for an adult who is 65 or over in your household ?” • 10% of all households with seniors sought services for a senior in the household (21% of seniors living alone). • 2% found getting assistance for these issues very difficult (none of the seniors living alone), compared to 68% who found it very easy to get help (86% of seniors living alone). PERCENT OF ST. LOUIS JEWISH HOUSEHOLDS WITH SENIORS WHICH:
SEEKING HELP IN FINDING A JOB OR CHOOSING AN OCCUPATION “In the past 12 months, did you (or anyone else in your household) seek help in finding a job or choosing an occupation? ” PERCENT OF ST. LOUIS JEWISH HOUSEHOLDS WHICH:
SEEKING HELP FOR CHILDREN WITH A DISABILITY “In the past 12 months, did you (or anyone else in your household) seek help for a child who has a physical, developmental or learning disability, or other special needs ?” PERCENT OF ST. LOUIS JEWISH HOUSEHOLDS WITH CHILDREN WHICH:
SEEKING HELP FOR ADULTS WITH A DISABILITY “In the past 12 months, did you (or anyone else in your household) seek services for an adult of any age with a disability, including Alzheimer’s ? ” PERCENT OF ST. LOUIS JEWISH HOUSEHOLDS WHICH:
SEEKING HELP FOR SERIOUS OR CHRONIC ILLNESS “In the past 12 months, did you (or anyone else in your household) seek help in coping with a serious or chronic illness? PERCENT OF ST. LOUIS JEWISH HOUSEHOLDS WHICH:
18% OF JEWISH RESPONDENTS REPORT FAIR OR POOR HEALTH JEWISH RESPONDENT HEALTH IS:
MORE JEWISH SENIORS AGE 75+ REPORT POOR OR FAIR HEALTH COMPARED TO EXCELLENT HEALTH
3,000 JEWISH SENIORS LIVE ALONE IN ST. LOUIS The 3,000 Jewish seniors who live alone are potentially at high risk of social isolation. • Of the 3,000 Jewish seniors living alone, 64% have an adult child in the St. Louis area, who could assist them if needed. • But, about 1,000 Jewish seniors living alone have no adult child living in the St. Louis area, or do not have any adult children at all. The health status of Jewish seniors living alone is problematic. • 12 % of Jewish seniors living alone report “poor” health, and another 28% report “fair” health; • In sharp contrast, only 2% of Jewish senior respondents living with other people in the household are in poor health, while 21% are in fair health.
INTERMARRIAGE AND RAISING CHILDREN AS JEWS
DEFINING INMARRIAGE AND INTERMARRIAGE Inmarried Couples • Both spouses currently identify as Jewish. • Inmarried couples include “conversionary” couples where a spouse became Jewish through conversion or some other process. Intermarried Jewish Couples • One spouse identifies as Jewish, while the other spouse is not Jewish.
48% OF ALL MARRIED COUPLES ARE INTERMARRIED* *Intermarriage rates are calculated for currently married respondents and spouses only, and does not include the very few marriages of other adults in the household. PERCENT OF MARRIED COUPLES IN ST. LOUIS JEWISH HOUSEHOLDS WHO ARE INMARRIED/INTERMARRIED
INTERMARRIAGE RATES VARY BY GEOGRAPHIC AREA Intermarriage rates are relatively low in Creve Coeur, Olivette/Ladue and University City/Clayton. Chesterfield’s rate is approximately the same as the community-wide 48% intermarriage rate. PERCENT OF INTERMARRIED COUPLES BY GEOGRAPHIC SUB-AREA
ST. LOUIS 2014 COUPLES’ INTERMARRIAGE RATE OF 48% ALMOST TWICE THE COMPARABLE 1995 RATE PERCENT OF MARRIED COUPLES WHO ARE INTERMARRIED
INTERMARRIAGE HIGHEST AMONG THE YOUNGEST RESPONDENTS PERCENT OF COUPLES CURRENTLY INTERMARRIED BY AGE OF THE RESPONDENT Few respondents are under age 35, but the pattern of intermarriage is consistent with the intermarriage data among those 35-49, lending some confidence to the under 35 data presented above.
THE COUPLES’ INTERMARRIAGE RATE HAS LEVELED OFF SINCE LEAPING IN THE 1980S PERCENT OF INTERMARRIED COUPLES BY YEAR / DECADE MARRIED: ST. LOUIS, 2014 *Only currently married respondent/spouse couples included in the analysis. Read: of currently married couples, 63% of who married since 2000 are intermarried compared to 7% of respondents married prior to 1970.
JEWISH ST. LOUIS INTERMARRIAGE RATES ARE LOWER THAN NATIONAL RATES REPORTED BY PEW RESEARCH CENTER, 2013
17,600 CHILDREN LIVE IN ST. LOUIS AREA JEWISH HOUSEHOLDS *In all tables, percentages may not add precisely due to rounding for presentation. Data have been extrapolated for children with missing data on age of the child.
52% OF CHILDREN ARE BEING RAISED JEWISH-ONLY, ANOTHER 10% AS PARTLY JEWISH CHILDREN IN ST. LOUIS JEWISH HOUSEHOLDS ARE BEING RAISED:
DENOMINATION SHARPLY SHAPES PATTERNS OF RAISING CHILDREN
THE YOUNGEST CHILDREN (AGES 0-4) ARE MOST LIKELY TO BE RAISED AS PARTLY JEWISH OR UNDECIDED
43% OF ALL CHILDREN, JEWISH AND NOT, HAVE INTERMARRIED PARENTS *“All Unmarried Households” includes unmarried partners, divorced, separated, widowed, and never-married households. Totals and percentages may not add exactly due to rounding for presentation; percentages based on unrounded data.
ALMOST ALL CHILDREN IN INMARRIED HOUSEHOLDS ARE BEING RAISED JEWISH-ONLY; VS. 27% IN INTERMARRIED HOUSEHOLDS
27% OF CHILDREN IN INTERMARRIED HOUSEHOLDS ARE BEING RAISED JEWISH; 44% OF INTERMARRIED HOUSEHOLDS WHO ARE SYNAGOGUE MEMBERS Intermarried Inmarried All Intermarried Respondents - CHILDREN ARE BEING RAISED Respondents Respondents Synagogue members Jewish only 88% 27% 44% Partly Jewish 3% 18% 38% Undecided, DK 8% 10% 16% Not Jewish/No Religion <1% 26% 0% Not Jewish, Other Religion <1% 19% 2% Totals 100% 100% 100% (6,800 children) (7,500 children) (2,700 children)
JEWISH EDUCATION OF CHILDREN
OF ALL CHILDREN AGE 5-17 LIVING IN JEWISH HOUSEHOLDS, 41% ARE NOT NOW RECEIVING ANY JEWISH EDUCATION CURRENT JEWISH EDUCATION OF ALL CHILDREN AGES 5-17 IN ST. LOUIS JEWISH HOUSEHOLDS
81% OF JEWISH-RAISED CHILDREN CURRENTLY RECEIVE SOME JEWISH EDUCATION – COMPARED TO 13% OF NON-JEWISH RAISED CHILDREN JEWISH-RAISED CHILDREN – CHILDREN NOT BEING RAISED AS JEWS – JEWISH EDUCATION JEWISH EDUCATION
AGE OF JEWISH-RAISED CHILDREN SHAPES CURRENT JEWISH EDUCATION IN INTERESTING PATTERNS
WIDE DENOMINATIONAL VARIATION IN CURRENT JEWISH SCHOOL CHOICES FOR JEWISH-RAISED CHILDREN
IN-MARRIED PARENTS PROVIDE JEWISH-RAISED CHILDREN WITH FAR MORE INTENSIVE JEWISH SCHOOLING THAN DO THE INTERMARRIED CURRENT CHILDREN’S CURRENT CHILDREN’S JEWISH JEWISH EDUCATION OF EDUCATION OF JEWISH-RAISED JEWISH-RAISED CHILDREN: CHILDREN: INTERMARRIED INMARRIED JEWISH COUPLES JEWISH COUPLES
JEWISH-RAISED CHILDREN OF SYNAGOGUE MEMBERS RECEIVE MORE INTENSIVE JEWISH EDUCATION THAN JEWISH CHILDREN OF NON-MEMBERS CURRENT JEWISH EDUCATION OF CURRENT JEWISH EDUCATION OF JEWISH-RAISED CHILDREN: JEWISH-RAISED CHILDREN: SYNAGOGUE-MEMBER HOUSEHOLDS HOUSEHOLD NOT A SYNAGOGUE MEMBER
BEING JEWISH IN ST LOUIS
JEWISH ENGAGEMENT INDICATORS: ABOUT 60% OF ALL RESPONDENTS FEEL VERY WELCOME AT JEWISH EVENTS, GO TO A SEDER (PAGE 1) *Questions marked with an asterisk were asked only of Jewish respondents.
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