Slide 1 / 161 Slide 2 / 161 6th Grade Weather & Climate and Natural Hazards 2015-10-15 www.njctl.org Slide 3 / 161 Slide 4 / 161 Table of Contents: Weather and Climate Click on the topic to go to that section Sunlight and the Atmosphere · Sunlight and the Atmosphere Circulation · Geography · Weather Prediction · Natural Disasters · Return to Table of Contents Slide 5 / 161 Slide 6 / 161 Review: Weather vs Climate Weather and Climate Many factors influence weather and climate. Create a list at your In earlier grades, we learned that weather and climate differ from table of some things you know can affect weather. each other. Can you recall what the difference is between weather and climate? Click below to see the answer. · Weather is the current conditions of a location. · Climate is the average weather for a location. What is the weather and climate of your location?
Slide 7 / 161 Slide 8 / 161 Weather and Climate Climate How many of these factors did you come up with? In what climate do you live? Sunlight Oceans Atmosphere Wind Ice Landforms Living Things Click here to watch a video about climate and weather. Slide 9 / 161 Slide 10 / 161 1 The annual average temperature of the tundra is -28 2 Today's forecast includes afternoon thunderstorms, degrees Celsius. This refers to the tundra's ___. but by tomorrow, it will be mostly sunny. This is an example of ___. A weather A weather B climate B climate Slide 11 / 161 Slide 12 / 161 3 Which of the following factors affects weather and Energy Review climate? (Choose all that apply.) Remember that energy is neither created nor destroyed. It simply changes form. A sunlight Weather and climate are fueled by changes in energy. B landforms What do you think is the primary source of energy for weather and climate? Click in the box to check your answer. C oceans D living things Sunshine
Slide 13 / 161 Slide 14 / 161 Sunlight Solar Radiation The sun transfers heat to Earth's surface via electromagnetic waves. Electromagnetic waves, or solar radiation, from the sun travel to Earth. Some of this energy is reflected back into space. The remaining energy is absorbed by the Earth. Electromagnetic waves is transferred into thermal energy (heat) when it strikes land and water bodies. Source: NASA.gov How would Earth feel without solar radiation? Slide 15 / 161 Slide 16 / 161 Infrared Radiation Atmosphere The electromagnetic radiation that reaches Earth's surface is To understand this process, think about a winter day. Is it warmer absorbed. As the Earth heats up, it emits some of this heat as on a cloudy day or on a clear day? infrared radiation. Part of the infrared radiation travels into space while the other part is trapped by Earth's atmosphere. versus The gases in Earth's atmosphere trap infrared radiation emitted by Earth. This helps Earth to A cloudy day is warmer than a clear day because the remain warm. clouds prevent heat from escaping. Slide 17 / 161 Slide 18 / 161 The Greenhouse Effect The Greenhouse Effect The same is true about our atmosphere. The molecules in the What would happen if there were no greenhouse gases in the atmosphere prevent all of Earth's heat from escaping into space. atmosphere? How would Earth feel? This is called the greenhouse effect. Gases in Earth's atmosphere are called greenhouse gases. If there were no greenhouse gases, none of the infrared radiation would be retained. Earth would cool down. How about if Earth accumulated too many greenhouse gases? If there are too many greenhouse gases, too much infrared radiation would be retained. Earth would heat up.
Slide 19 / 161 Slide 20 / 161 Global Warming Global Warming Human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels, releases Earth is currently heating up, due to an increase in greenhouse additional greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. This causes gases in the atmosphere. This phenomenon is called global more infrared radiation to be retained, leading to an increase in warming. Earth's temperature. Global warming is a popular topic. What do you know about it? Write your thoughts below. Slide 21 / 161 Slide 22 / 161 Global Warming 4 Solar radiation from the sun is also known as ___ radiation. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas. Look at this graph. What does it tell us about carbon dioxide? How A electromagnetic does this impact Earth's temperature? B hydrothermal C infrared D thermal Click here to watch a video about the greenhouse effect. Slide 23 / 161 Slide 24 / 161 5 All of the electromagnetic radiation from the sun is 6 As Earth heats up, it emits ___ radiation. absorbed by Earth. A thermal True B electromagnetic False C infrared D solar
Slide 25 / 161 Slide 26 / 161 7 What enables Earth to retain infrared radiation in 8 An accumulation of too many greenhouse gases has order to remain warm? led to global warming. A solar gases True B the lack of gases in the atmosphere False C gravity D gases in the atmosphere Slide 27 / 161 Slide 28 / 161 Direct & Indirect Sunlight Sunlight Distribution Do all areas of Earth receive the same amounts of the sun's Different areas of the planet receive different amounts of sunlight. energy? Click the blue box to check your answer. No Indirect sunlight Direct sunlight How can you explain this? Discuss with a partner or as a class and Indirect sunlight write your ideas below. At the equator, the sun's energy hits the Earth directly (direct sunlight). As you move away from the equator, the sun's energy hits the Earth at an angle (indirect sunlight). How do you think this affects the climate of an area? Slide 29 / 161 Slide 30 / 161 Earth's Tilt Earth's Tilt Watch how the location of the red dot changes in relation to the The amount of sunlight an area receives also depends on the time sun's energy as the Earth orbits the sun. of year. Based on the angle of sunlight, which picture shows summer and which picture shows winter for this location? Click in the boxes to check your answers. The Earth is tilted on its axis as it rotates around the sun. This means that some areas are tilted towards the sun for part of the year and tilted away from the sun for part of the year. We call this annual change in thermal energy the seasons. Winter Summer
Slide 31 / 161 Slide 32 / 161 Latitude Tropical Latitudes Tropical latitudes receive direct sunlight year round and are very Due to different angles of sunlight, the Earth has 3 major climate warm. They do not experience much temperature change zones: polar, tropical and temperate. throughout the year. 90 These zones are identified by Polar 66 Temperate horizontal lines called latitude . 23 Tropical Each latitude zone has a 0 Tropical specific climate. 23 Temperate 66 Polar 90 Slide 33 / 161 Slide 34 / 161 Polar Latitudes Temperate Latitudes Polar latitudes receive indirect sunlight year round and are very Temperate latitudes receive direct sunlight for part of the year and cold. They do not experience much temperature change indirect sunlight for part of the year. They experience four distinct throughout the year. seasons. Slide 35 / 161 Slide 36 / 161 9 Indirect sunlight transfers more heat than direct 10 What latitude receives the most direct sunlight sunlight. throughout the year? True A Polar False B Temperate C Tropical
Slide 37 / 161 Slide 38 / 161 11 Earth's tilt results in areas receiving different amounts of solar radiation throughout the year. True Circulation False Return to Table of Contents Slide 39 / 161 Slide 40 / 161 Temperature and Circulation Demo Density In cool air or water, molecules are packed closely together. In warm air or water, molecules are spread farther apart. Cool air or water Warm air or water Temperature plays a key role in the density of objects. This affects how air and water circulate. Which is less dense? Click in the box to check your answer. This demonstration will look at how hot and cold water behave differently and what effect that has on circulation. Warm air or water is less dense. Slide 41 / 161 Slide 42 / 161 Density Wind Cool air is more dense than warm air. This means that warm air will We now know Cool Air rise above cool air. When different air masses move, we feel this as that c ool, more wind. dense fluid sinks while... warm, less dense fluid rises. Warm Air How does this relate to air masses?
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